1、Unit 4Exploring literature高中同步导练 英语必修第二册Section Three:Extended reading&Project1._ vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏2._ vt.击败，战胜 n.失败，战败；击败3._ vt.&n.努力，尝试，试图4._ adv.在旁边；与一起5._ vt.完成6._ adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的7._ n.闪光；闪现 vt.&vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现destroydefeatalongsideaccomplishI.I.重点词汇重点词汇attempt nobleflash1._ adv.极其，非常，极端_ adj.极端的，偏
2、激的；末端的2._ vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正_ adv.笔直地 adj.直的3._ adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的_ vt.使糊涂；使迷惑；混淆_ adj.难以理解的，不清楚的_ n.困惑 extremelystraightenII.II.词汇词汇拓展拓展straightextremeconfusedconfuseconfusingconfusion1._(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理2._ 正要做某事clear upIII.III.重点短语重点短语be on the point of doing sth.IV.IV.重点句式重点句式1.Never _ a greater,or mo
3、re beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.Come on and kill me.(P54)我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着或更崇高的东西，老弟。来，把我害死吧。2.I do not care _.(P54)我不在乎谁害死谁。3.He had been _ feeling himself go each time.(P54)每次他都感觉自己快要垮了。4.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly _ in the air.(P54)那鱼浮正，又慢慢地游
4、开，大尾巴在海面上迂回前行。have I seenwho kills whoon the point ofwith the great tail weaving1extremely adv.极其，非常，极端教材原句：He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes“can be destroyed but not defeated”.(P53)他非常善于描述硬汉的冒险经历，他认为这些人“可以被摧毁，但不能被打败”。【衍生词】extreme adj.极端的，偏激的；末端的【经典例句】Foo
5、d is extremely important to us human beings and rice is one of the main food in the world.食物对我们人类非常重要，米饭是世界上主要食物之一。边学边练用extreme的适当形式填空(1)However,be careful not to go _.(2)Jason thought it was _ amusing but I was a bit disappointed.(3)Most of them are _ delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.e
6、xtremelyextremesextremely2defeat vt.击败，战胜 n.失败，战败；击败【易混辨析】defeat,beat,windefeat尤指在战场上打败敌人，也指将某人在形式上打败，比如在一场比赛上打倒某人。suffer defeat 遭受失败Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field,we won our first game.(2018天津卷)在春季赛场上遭受失败六个月后，我们赢得了首场胜利。beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词，也指在心理上彻底击垮某人，使某人在心理上垮掉。有时可与d
7、efeat换用。We beat/defeated their team by 10 points.我们赢了他们队十分。win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game、war、prize、fame、battle等名词。They won the battle but lost many men.他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。边学边练用“辨析”词语的适当形式填空(1)They are unlikely _ the biggest car companies.(2)We are sure _ the match so long as we go all out.(3)Such i
8、s their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help _ an enemy.to beatto win(to)defeat3attempt vt.&n努力，尝试，试图教材原句：After coming in emptyhanded for eightyfour days,Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.(P53)在空手而归84天后，圣地亚哥
9、试图钓到一条大鱼。【常见搭配】attempt to do sth.attempt at doing sth.试图做某事make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth.试图做某事at the first attempt 第一次尝试in an/ones attempt to do sth.试图做某事【衍生词】attempted adj.未遂的；企图的【经典例句】For years,researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.多年来，研究人员试图证明，电视对孩子
10、来说是危险的。边学边练一句多译/完成句子(1)他试图打破世界纪录，但失败了。He _ the world record,but failed.(attempt v)He _ the world record,but failed.(attempt n)(2)_(他首次尝试)to get in touch with his family was in vain.(3)Body language plays an important role in communication,particularly when we _(试图)communicate across cultures.attempt
11、ed to breakmade an attempt to breakHis first attemptattempt to4否定副词放句首构成部分倒装教材原句：Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.(P54)我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着或更崇高的东西，老弟。【功能注释】Never have I seen否定副词放句首构成部分倒装。本句中never(否定)与比较级连用表示最高级含义。【名师点拨】(1)否定副词位于句首时的倒装在英语中，n
12、ever、seldom、rarely、little、hardly、no longer、nowhere等含有否定意义的副词(词组)若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。Never shall I forgive him.I shall never forgive him.我永远不会宽恕他。Seldom does he go out for dinner.He seldom goes out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他不太明白这个会议的重要性。注意：对于notuntil句型，当not
13、until位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped.Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.雨停了之后他才离开这房间。某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装。On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In/Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。in no time(
14、立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序。In no time he worked out the problem.他马上就算出了那道题。(2)表示最高级意义的几种常见特殊结构还有：She is more careful than any other girl in her class.(同范围比较)她比她班里的其他女孩都细心。“nothing/no other/none/nobody等否定词(组)谓语比较级than”表示“没有比更”。Nothing is more precious than health.没有比健康更宝贵的了。Nobody is more careful than him
15、!没有人比他更细心！“cant/couldnt比较级”表示“再不过了；不可能更”。I cant agree with you more.我完全同意你的看法。The weather couldnt be worse.天气再坏不过了。This could give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。注意：否定词与too、enough连用，表示肯定的意思。You cant be too careful.You cant be careful enough.你再怎么小心也不为过。比较级than any other单数可数名词比较级than all(the)other复
16、数可数名词比较级 than the rest of复数可数名词/不可数名词注意：如果比较的主体不属于同一范围，则不能用other、else、rest等表示排除的关系词。She is more careful than any girls in her brothers class.(不同范围比较)她比她哥哥班里的任何女孩都细心。(她最细心)边学边练完成/改写句子(1)Seldom _(我没见过)such a beautiful picture before.(2)You have to believe in yourself.No one else will,if you dont._(我再同
17、意不过了).Confidence is really important.(3)He never delays his homework._ his homework.have I seenI couldnt agree moreNever does he delay5confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的教材原句：Now you are getting confused in the head,he thought.(P54)你现在脑子糊涂起来啦，他想。【常见搭配】be/become confused about/at 对感到困惑(be puzzled about/at)
18、【衍生词】confuse v.使迷惑confuse A with B 把A与B弄混confusing adj.难以理解的，不清楚的confusion n.困惑in confusion 乱七八糟；处于混乱状态【名师点拨】ing形容词通常用来描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人的”；ed形容词通常用来描述人的感觉，意为“感到的”，还可以用来描述人的声音、表情等。如：a confused look/expression(迷惑的表情)。类似的形容词还有moving/moved(令人感动的/感动的)、surprising/surprised(令人吃惊的/吃惊的)等。【经典例句】There was a
19、confused look on his face when he met with confusing problems.当他碰到难以理解的问题时，他脸上有一种迷惑的表情。边学边练单句语法填空(1)We can conclude from his _ look that he gets _ about this problem.(confuse)(2)At this moment,the child was frightened,crying loudly and shouting _ confusion.(3)A simple cultural misunderstanding may c
20、ause _(confuse)(4)The passage is long and _(confuse)(5)A survey showed people were confused _ what they should eat to stay healthy.(6)People often confuse my sister _ me because we are twins.confusedconfusedinconfusionconfusingaboutwith6clear up(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理；(天气)放晴教材原句：“Clear up,head,”he said in a v
21、oice he could hardly hear.“Clear up.”(P54)“清醒过来吧，头啊，”他用自己也几乎听不见的声音说。“清醒过来吧。”【归纳拓展】clear away 扫除，消除 clear off 清除，清理，(云雾)消散，(雨)停clear out 清除，扫出clear through 通过(检查，批准)make it clear that 使人明白【经典例句】The weather wont clear up until the rainy season is over.雨季不结束天不会放晴。边学边练单句语法填空(1)The Chinese government has
22、 made _ clear that there is only one China,and both the mainland and Taiwan belong to it.(2)Please clear _ the litter before you leave the office.upit7.be on the point of doing sth.正要做某事(be about to do sth.)教材原句：He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.(P54)每次他都感觉自己快要垮了。【归纳拓展】be on t
23、he point of doing sth.when正要做某事，这时(be about to do sth.when)be doingwhen 正在做这时【经典例句】He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang.He was about to say something when the phone rang.他正要说话时电话铃响了。边学边练完成句子(1)He was _(正准备离开)when someone knocked at the door.(2)I was about to leave _(他进来了)that
24、day.on the point of leaving/about to leavewhen he came in8with宾语宾语补足语教材原句：The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(P54)那鱼浮正，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上迂回前行。【功能注释】这是一个并列句。句中出现with的复合结构。【名师点拨】with的复合结构是指“with复合宾语”，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：(1)with名
25、词/代词现在分词现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。With the crowds cheering,they drove to the palace.(伴随情况)在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到王宫。With prices going up so fast,we cant afford luxuries.(原因状语)由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。(2)with名词/代词过去分词过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.(伴随情况)我在房
26、间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。She had to walk home with her bike stolen.(原因状语)自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。(3)with名词/代词形容词I like to sleep with the windows open.(伴随情况)我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。With the weather so close and stuffy,ten to one itll rain presently.(原因状语)天气这样闷热，十有八九要下雨。(4)with名词/代词介词短语With the children at school,we cant take our vaca
27、tion when we want to.(原因状语)因为孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时却不能去度假。The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(行为方式)士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。(5)with名词/代词副词The boy stood there with his head down.(伴随情况)这个男孩低头站在那儿。(6)with名词/代词动词不定式此时，不定式表示将要发生的动作。With a lot of work to do,he wasnt allowed to go out.(原因状语)因为还有很多工作要做，
28、他没有被允许外出。边学边练/单句语法填空/完成句子(1)You cant imagine how she finished the relay race with her foot _(wound)so severely.(2)The subway is always crowded with passengers.Well,nobody can help that with so many people _(take)the subway every day.(3)由老人带路，我们开始向河边走去。_ the way,we started towards the river.woundedta
29、kingWith the old man leading边学边练单句语法填空/完成句子(4)她双手抱着头，想接下来要做什么。She was thinking about what to do next with her head _.(5)也想象一下，闭着眼睛度过你生命中剩下的时间会是什么样子。Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life _in her handswith youreyes closed温馨提示：双击文件直达Section Four:Assessment&Further study温馨提示：双击文件直达温馨提示：双击文件直达
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