1、专题三形容词与副词形容词和副词的原级1用法(1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as形容词/副词的原级as” “as形容词a(n)单数名词as”“asmany/much复数名词/不可数名词as”的结构；Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。(
2、2)表示双方不相等时，用“not so/as形容词/副词的原级as”的结构；Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书不如我的多。名师指津as形容词as数量词数量词形容词The building is as tall as 100 meters.The building is 100 meters tall. 这幢楼有100米高。2as .as结构前可用almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite等修饰，表示程度。Lets walk. Its just as quick as taking th
3、e bus.咱们走路去吧，这和坐公共汽车去一样快。形容词和副词的比较级与最高级1比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则变化：词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加er或esttall strongtaller strongertallest strongest以不发音的e结尾的，只加r或stnice latenicer laternicest latest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或estbig hot thin fatbigger hotter thinner fatterbiggest hottest thinnest fattest
4、以“辅音字母y”结尾的，先变y为i再加er或esthappy easy earlyhappier easier earlierhappiest easiest earliest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficult beautifulmore difficult，more beautifulmost difficult，most beautiful名师指津有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。如right, wrong, excellent, extreme, perfect, possible, empty, grea
5、tly, very等。(2)不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad (badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest名师指津farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较远”“最远”。elder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，且仅用于同辈之间的排行。elder sister姐姐；elder brother哥哥。2比较级的用法(1)比较级的常见结构表示一方不及另一方
6、时，用“less原级than”结构。This computer is less expensive than mine.这部电脑没有我的贵。表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the比较级., the比较级.”，意为“越就越”。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙就越感到高兴。不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。表示“和一样不”时，用“no比较级than”结构。You ar
7、e no taller than I你和我一样矮。“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两个中较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式I have never spent a more worrying day.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。I cant agree more.我完全同意。He is better at English than anything else.他最擅长英语。Every morning he arrives earlier than
8、 any other student in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of stud
9、ents in the class.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。(3)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。3最高级的用法(1)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)one of形容词最高级名词复数Shanghai is o
10、ne of the biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)序数词形容词最高级名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。(4)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想
11、买便宜一点的照相机。名师指津by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。The book is better by far than that one.这本书要比那本书好得多。He is by far the taller of the two brothers.他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。命题点感悟 单句语法填空(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ (long) than non
12、runners.解析：longer根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。(2018全国卷)He screams the _ (loud) of all.解析：loudest根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用最高级。(2018浙江6月高考)There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health.解析：higher此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。(2017浙江11月高考)One of the _ (effect) ways to build
13、 vocabulary is to read good books.解析：effective/most effective空格处作ways的定语故用形容词形式，effective意为“有效的”。此处也可用最高级，表示“最有效的方式之一”。(2017浙江6月高考)Sixteen years _(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.解析：earlier固定表达sixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier相当于before，一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。(2017全国卷)As
14、a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even_ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析：worse根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别
15、) those of _(great) and less importance.解析：greater根据后面的“and less”可知，此处也要用比较级形式。(2016全国卷)They were also the best and _ (bad) years in my life.解析：worst由并列连词and前面的“the best”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。倍数表达法常用的倍数表达法：Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.Our classroom is three times larger than theirs.Our
16、 classroom is three times the size of theirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。The length of road is four times what it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。常见的易混词beside在旁边(或附近)besides 此外，而且late迟的，晚的later后来，以后latest 最近的，最新的ago以前(以现在为起点)before以前(以过去为起点)somewhere某处everywhere到处high 在高处；高highly 高度地；很；非常wide广阔地；充分地widely广泛地；普
17、遍地deep深深地deeply深刻地；深沉地free免费地freely自由地；畅通地close接近；紧挨着closely仔细地；紧密地 hard努力地hardly几乎不near在附近nearly几乎，差不多命题点感悟 单句语法填空(2017全国卷)A few minutes _ (late), the instructor asked me to stop the car.解析：later“一段时间late”表示“迟到多长时间”；“一段时间later”表示“多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后，教练让我把车停下来”，故填later。(2017全国卷)_ (beside), they often
18、get some useful information from the Internet.解析：Besides句意：此外，他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。besides“此外”，是副词。(2017全国卷)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the _ (late) music albums.解析：latest根据语境可知，“the latest music albums”表示“最新的音乐专辑”，故应用latest。(2014全国卷)Nearly f
19、ive years _， and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.解析：ago此处表示在说话时之前，故应填ago。专题过关训练 .单句语法填空1Indeed, travelling around this country will truly (true) give you an amazing experience because of its interesting things offered to all types of
20、 tourists.2Films, books, magazines, etc. give us daily (day) amusement.3In some_crowded (crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it.4For example, it is thought that many physical problems and other conditions are made worse (bad) by an increased
21、level of stress.5Most computer applications are in English, so you will understand them better (good)6The better we get into good eating habits, the_happier (happy) our life will become.7How much more_beautiful (beautiful) she looked without her glasses!8Dr.Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and
22、 even though I was probably just another patient to her, to me she was more (much) than just my doctor.9However, just several days later (late), I began to feel tired and couldnt concentrate in class.10The more I learn English, the easier (easy) it becomes.11Since his family was richer (rich) than m
23、ine, he had more toys than I did.12I am awfully tired (tire), but I know Ill never fall asleep.13Ehongbao is actually (actual) a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.14It is important to have a clearly (clear) defined set of roles and respons
24、ibilities for each member.运用语法写靓句1终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。(arrive, tired)At_last,_we_arrived_home,_tired_and_hungry.2我听说你上周病了。你现在好一点了吗？(ill, better)I_hear_that_you_were_ill_last_week._Are_you_any_better_now?3我认为英语要比数学容易得多、有趣得多。(使用much修饰比较级)I_think_English_is_much_easier_and_much_more_interesting_than_math.4说着
25、容易做着难。(carry out)Its_easier_said_than_carried_out._5现在，学好英语是你最重要的事情。(moment, by far)At_the moment, learning English_well_is_by_far_the_most_important_thing_for_you._6因特网在人们日常生活中起着重要作用。(play)The Internet is playing an important part in peoples daily life.语法填空(2019烟台模拟)High in thick bamboo forests in
26、the misty, _1_ (rain) mountains of southwestern China _2_ (live) one of the worlds rarest mammals: the giant panda, also called the panda. Only about 1,000 of these blackandwhite _3_ (relative) of bears survive in the wild.Pandas eat almost nothing _4_ bamboo shoots and leaves. _5_ (occasion) they e
27、at other plants, fish, or small animals, but bamboo accounts _6_ 99 percent of their diets. Pandas eat fast; they eat a lot, and they spend about 12 hours a day _7_ (do) it. The reason is that they digest only about a _8_ (five) of what they eat. Overall, bamboo is not very nutritious. To stay healt
28、hy, they have to eat a lot up to 15 percent of their body weight in 12 hours so they eat fast.Pandas molars (臼齿) are very broad and flat. The shape of these teeth helps the animals crush the bamboo shoots, leaves, and stems they eat. _9_ (get) the bamboo to their mouths, they hold the stems with the
29、ir front claws, which have enlarged wrist bones that act as thumbs for grasping things. A panda should have at least two bamboo species where it lives, or it will starve. Pandas are shy; they never leave areas _10_ they live. This restricts pandas to very limited areas.1rainy此处与misty并列修饰名词mountains，
30、故应用形容词形式。2lives句子的主语为“one of the worlds rarest mammals”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。3relativesrelative为可数名词，且此处被these修饰，因此用复数形式。4butnothing but意为“除了外什么也不”。5Occasionally此处作状语应用副词形式。6foraccount for为固定搭配，意为“占(比例)”。7doingspend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”。8fifth此处指五分之一，分母用序数词表示。9To get作目的状语应用动词不定式。10where先行词为areas，定语从句中关系词作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
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