1、专题三不可忽视的小词代词、冠词和介词(短语)第一讲代词 思维导图一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词类别功能第一人称第二人称第三人称主格作主语Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格作宾语meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词作定语myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词作主语、表语或宾语mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词作宾语、表语或同位语my-selfour-selfyour-selfyour-selveshim-selfher-selfit-selfthem-selves名师指津 含有反身代词的习
2、惯用语help oneself to随便吃，随便用hide oneself 把自己藏起来make yourself at home 别客气，不拘束say to oneself 心里想seat oneself 坐下teach oneself 自学come to oneself 苏醒behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌apply oneself to 致力于by oneself 独自地of oneself 自动地二、it的用法1指天气、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring，but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。It is twent
3、y miles from here to the village.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词Although he didnt like it，I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。3指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)What will you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？4用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：Itbeadj./n.for/o
4、f sb不定式It is no good/use/useless doing sthIts well worth doing.Itbe名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder.)/adj.that从句It特殊动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb.)that从句Itbe过去分词that从句It takes sb some time/some money to do sthIt is the teachers duty to teach the students.教学生是老师的职责。It is a pity that you cant go wit
5、h her.你不能同她一块去真遗憾。(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.itadj./n.for/of sb to do/that从句主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.ituseless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy.doing.I find it easy to get on with Jim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。He didnt make it
6、 clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。Id appreciate it if you could attend our party.如果你能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。三、替代词1one，ones(1)one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，表泛指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物，相当于“a/an单数名词
7、”。(2)ones替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present，one that I have never seen.张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物一件我从来没有见过的礼物。2the one，the ones(1)the one替代上文出现的可数名词单数，表特指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物，相当于“the单数名词”。(2)the ones替代上文出现的复数名词，表特指(有后置定语时相当于those)，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。The apples you
8、 bought this morning are the ones imported from Thailand.你今天上午买的苹果是从泰国进口的。3that，those(1)that指代与前面提到的相类似但不是同一个事物的名词；指代特指的可数名词单数或不可数名词。指代可数名词单数时，相当于the one。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语。The climate of Guangzhou is much better than that of Xian.广州的气候比西安的好多了。(2)those 替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。M
9、y questions are similar to those/the ones you raised.我的问题与你提出的问题相似。4it替代上文提到的“同一”事物，不能带任何修饰语。We had just rented a car.It looked very old.我们刚租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。四、不定代词1both，all，either，any，neither，none指代词义都任何都不两个人或物botheitherneither三个或三个以上的人或物allanynoneThey both like reading all of the novels.他们俩都喜欢读所有这些小说。O
10、f all the toys，none of them interests me.在所有的玩具中，没有一个让我感兴趣。2one，another，the other，some，others，the others一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/一些单数oneanotherthe other复数someothersthe othersI dont like this hat.Please show me another one.我不喜欢这顶帽子。请让我看看另外一顶。One of the two towns lies in Germany and the other is in America.两
11、个小镇中的一个在德国，而另一个是在美国。Some are Chinese; others are Americans.一些是中国人，另外一些是美国人。There are many books on the table.Some are English，and the others are French.桌子上有许多书。一些是英语的，其余的是法语的。名师指津 the other后只能加可数名词(单数或复数)，不能加不可数名词；短语the rest of(剩余的)后既可加可数名词(单数或复数)，也可以加不可数名词。3none，nobody/no one，nothing指代用来回答相当于none人或
12、物how many/muchnot a/an/any名词或“no名词”nobody/no one人whonot anyone/not anybodynothing物whatnot anythingHow much money do you have？你有多少钱？None.一点也没有。I wished someone could help me，but there was no one at the moment.我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。You can take whatever you want，but nothing on display is my taste.你可以拿任何你想
13、要的东西，但在展示的东西没有什么东西合我的口味。4every，each词性功能意义every限定词作定语三个或三个以上中的每一个，强调“整体”each代词，限定词作主语、宾语、同位语、定语两个或两个以上中的每一个，强调个体Almost every student in our class passed the English exam yesterday.昨天几乎我们班上的每一个学生都通过了英语考试。There are lots of trees on each side of the road.路两边有许多树。5many，much，few，little，a few，a little不同点相同
14、点many/muchmany修饰或替代可数名词复数；much修饰或替代不可数名词两者都表示“许多”few/littlefew修饰或替代可数名词复数；little修饰或替代不可数名词用于否定句，表示“几乎没有”a few/a littlea few修饰或替代可数名词复数；a little修饰或替代不可数名词用于肯定句，表示“一些”He can speak a little French，but he knows little English.他能说点法语，但几乎不懂英语。.单句语法填空1If you are time poor，you need run for only half the tim
15、e to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give_ a try.(2018全国卷) 答案it/running考查代词或名词。根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running或者直接填running。2When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find_(they) alive.(2018全国卷)答案them考查代词。空格前面是动词，空格处应用宾格，故填them。3Many w
16、esterners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.(2018浙江高考)答案it考查代词。it作形式主语，不定式to eat out为真正的主语。4“She thought I had hurt _(I)，” says Pahlsson.(2017浙江高考)答案myself句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。5On my recent visit，I
17、held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.(2016全国卷)答案its句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。.单句改错1The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and another animals.(2018全国卷)答案anotherotherother用在名词前作定语
18、，意为“其他的”。2I had done myself homework，but I was shy.(2018全国卷)答案myselfmy考查代词。此处表示我已经完成了我的作业。my是形容词性物主代词，作 homework的定语，myself不作定语。3If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(2016全国卷)答案yourour根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。4At first，I thought I k
19、new everything and could make decisions by yourself.(2016全国卷)答案yourselfmyself根据语境可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself。5When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.(2016四川高考)答案herhis由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。.单句语法填空1Its just on the other side.You have to want it enough，and be willin
20、g enough to get it.(2019成都模拟)2Then，after sixty years separation，they married each other in their(they)late seventies.(2019六安模拟)3We may like to think of ourselves(us) more important than others，but our happiness sometimes lies in the happiness of other people.(2019阳江模拟)4Realizing it was our last high
21、 school sports meeting，we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.(2019合肥模拟)5A short retreat from a much busier life，make a cup of tea and taste it in a quiet place on your own，not only relieving tiredness but also refreshing your (you) soul heartily.(2019滁州模拟)6They had to chase
22、 the overprotective mother away first，so that they (them) could get close enough to rescue the baby.(2019贵州平坝一中模拟)7It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them.(2019海口一中模拟)8Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad exp
23、erience to another and are ready to try something else.(2019福建龙海二中模拟)9Nobody likes to talk about death，but the reality iseveryone is going to die at one point，but none of us know the day，or the hour.(2019青海平安一中冲刺)10Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.(2019黄山模拟).单句改
24、错1When we do not let our children receive a good music education，we take him away from the meanings music expresses.(2019泉港模拟)himthem2Holding on to her over the water，I struggled to the bank.At last，the boy was saved.(2019沧州模拟)herhim3And they have very different points of view about the subject of m
25、oney.The contrast in our points of view is so extreme that we grow puzzled sometimes.(2019长郡中学模拟)ourtheir4My father and mother are all high school teachers.(2019阳江模拟)allboth或去掉all5My parents took me to see our doctor，who told me what was a good idea to eat only a little. (2019河北邯郸模拟)whatit6It is a v
26、ery precious present from mine Canadian teacher ，which I treasure very much.(2019辽宁大连八中模拟)minemy7At one time I was not good at English，which made him very depressed.(2019河南商丘一中模拟)himme8At 10：00，we put on performances，like singing and dancing.Then they played games together! (2019芜湖一模)theywe9It is po
27、ssible that some of we may have a brother or sister.(2019广东六校联考)weus10Yesterday，one of my favorite stamps was lost，which made me really upset.I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room，but still couldnt find them.(2019湖北八校联考)themit.语法填空(2019贵阳摸底)There was a proud teak tree in the for
28、est.He was tall and strong.There 1._ (be) a small herb (香草) next to the tree.The teak tree said，“I am very handsome and strong.No one can defeat me.” When 2._ (hear) this，the herb replied，“Dear friend，too much pride is 3._ (harm)Even the strong will fall one day.”The teak ignored the herbs words.He
29、continued to praise 4._ (he)A strong wind blew.The teak stood 5._ (firm)Even when it rained，the teak stood strong by spreading his leaves.During these times，6._ herb bowed low.The teak made fun 7._ the herb.One day，there was a storm in the forest.The herb bowed low.As usual，the teak did not want to
30、bow.The storm kept growing 8._ (strong)The teak could no longer bear it.He felt his strength giving way.He tried his best 9._ (stand) upright，but in the end，he fell down.That was the end of the proud tree.10_ everything was calm again，the herb stood straight.He looked around.He saw the proud teak fa
31、llen.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一棵自负的柚木和一株谦虚的香草之间的故事。1was考查动词时态。此处与上文的“There was”呼应，故用一般过去时，表示过去发生或存在的事情。2hearing考查省略结构。在when引导的状语从句的复合句中，当主从句主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。本句补充完整应该是：When the herb was hearing this。故填hearing。3harmful考查词性转换。harmful是形容词，作系动词is的表语，符合语境。4himself考查代词。空处与句子主语He呼应，故用反身代词作宾语。5firmly考
32、查副词。副词一般修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处是副词firmly修饰动词stood。6the考查冠词。这里特指文章已经提到过的“herb”，故用定冠词修饰，表示特指。7of考查介词。make fun of 为固定搭配，意为“取笑”，符合语境，故用介词of。8stronger考查形容词比较级。与下文中的“The teak could no longer bear it”呼应可知，暴风雨越来越猛烈了，故用形容词比较级。9to stand考查非谓语动词。try ones best to do sth为固定搭配，意为“尽最大努力做某事”，故用不定式。10When考查连词。whe
33、n 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”，在句中作时间状语，符合语境。.短文改错Last Friday，our class had invited a wellknown artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in traditional Chinese style.As soon as an artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm welcome，what made him so happy.All of us wore big smiles.First，he showed us some ski
34、llful ways of draw a lotus.We circled around him and watched him careful.Then we made an attempt to do it by us under his instructions.Finally，because my excellent performance，I was given the award of “Outstanding Young Artist”Looking at it，I feel very excited.Through this experience，we are all amaz
35、ing at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese.We hope we can have more activity of this kind in the future!答案Last Friday，our class invited a wellknown artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in traditional Chinese style.As soon as artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm welcome， made
36、him so happy.All of us wore big smiles.First，he showed us some skillful ways of a lotus.We circled around him and watched him .Then we made an attempt to do it by under his instructions.Finally，because my excellent performance，I was given the award of “Outstanding Young Artist”Looking at it，I very excited.Through this experience，we are all at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese.We hope we can have more of this kind in the future!
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