1、Period ThreeGrammar & WritingPart OneGrammar.用适当的关系词填空1The Yangtze River，which is more than 6,000 kilometres long，is the third longest river in the world.2Sun Yatsen，who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution，first suggested the idea in 1919.3His mother，who/whom he loved dearly，went abroad.4This mach
2、ine，which he has looked after for many years，is still working perfectly.5Lucy，whose parents had died，had to make a living by herself.6The family，who live upstairs，are fond of music.翻译句子1They set up a state of their own，where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.他们自己成立了一个州，在那里，他们可以随心所欲地将黑人们当奴
3、隶。2The letter is from my younger sister，who is working in Beijing.这封信是我妹妹写来的，她在北京工作。3I saw a good film，which was about the Long March.我观看了一部好电影，是关于长征的。4His dog，which he liked very much，died yesterday.他非常喜爱的狗昨天死了。5He suddenly fell ill，which prevented him from going to school.他突然生病了，这使得他无法去上学。非限制性定语从句
4、与定语从句中的省略一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。1引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，whom和whose；指物时用which。This is our headmaster，who I think has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。My elder sister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be.大姐成了一名医生，我原来也
5、想做一名医生的。2引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时，关系副词用when；指地点时用where。Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。He left his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old.他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。3限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处，主要有以下几点：(1)引导词不同：
6、关系代词that，关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。(2)非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切，中间用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常译成两句话；而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。I have two foreign teachers，both_of_whom are from America.我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature.美国来的那位外教教我们文学。(3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省
7、略。This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.这正是我们正谈论的那个人。This is the man，whom we talked about just now.这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过的。(4)在限制性定语从句中，指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。He is the very person (whom/who/that) we referred to.他正是我们提到的那个人。4as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。(1)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，
8、这个定语从句说明整个句子。as既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，还可放在主句之中有“像一样，正如，正像”的意思。As we all know，he studies very hard.(as作宾语)我们都知道他学习用功。As is known to all，he is the best student in our class.(as作主语)众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。Taiwan，as is known to all，is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语)大家都知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代
9、整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。I want to buy the house，which has a garden.我想买个有花园的房子。题组训练1(1)单句改错Her dog，that was now very old，was killed by a car.thatwhichWhich is known to us all，smoking is harmful to our health.WhichAsThe
10、girl，her mother died last month，studies very hard.herwhoseI have two brothers，both of them are teachers.themwhomAfter graduation，I decided to stay in Guangzhou，there I spent all my childhood.therewhere(2)高考变式Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.(2014
11、四川，4)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade，when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江，5)We have launched another manmade satellite，which is announced in todays newspaper.(2013天津，6)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area，who urgent
12、ly needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.(2012江苏，22)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011陕西，11)二、定语从句中的省略定语从句可以省略或简化，主要通过以下形式：1省略作宾语的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词有who(m)，which，that。在限制性定语从句中，当who(m)和that作宾语用于指人时可以互换使用，通常可以省略；当that和whi
13、ch作宾语用于指物时，两者也可以互换使用，也通常省略。Is that the man (whom/who/that) you gave your ticket to？(whom，who和that可以省略)那个是你把票给他的人吗？Is that the address (which/that) you sent the telegram to？(which和that可以省略)那是你发电报的地址吗？2当先行词是way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可以省略。如：That was the way (in which/that) she worked the pr
14、oblem out.她就是用那种办法解决问题的。3有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可以省略。The house (which was) damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.大火中损坏的房子不久就要被翻修。The plan (which is) being discussed is of great importance.正在讨论的这个计划非常重要。注意：有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。The train that leaves from Platform 5 goes to Beijing.The trai
15、n leaving_from_Platform_5 goes to Beijing.第五站台开出的火车驶往北京。Yesterday we had a meeting which lasted two hours.Yesterday we had a meeting lasting_two_hours.昨天我们举行了一个持续两小时的会议。题组训练2(1)用定语从句改写句子中的划线部分The building built last year is our teaching building.The building which_was_built last year is our teaching
16、 building.The man speaking_to our teacher is a doctor.The man who_is_speaking_to our teacher is a doctor.The boys helped the people hurt in the accident.The boys helped the people who/that_were_hurt in the accident.(2)一句多译请告诉我你做工作的方式。Please_tell_me_the_way_that_you_did_the_job.Please_tell_me_the_way
17、_in_which_you_did_the_job.Please_tell_me_the_way_you_did_the_job.(3)高考变式Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.(2010湖南，28).用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(每空一词)1I am most grateful to my parents，who are always there to encourage me and care
18、 for me.2Bats are the most active at night，when they go in search of food.3There is always someone willing to help and support us，which makes the job a lot easier.4Much of his youth was spent in Beijing，where he developed an interest in Beijing Opera.5As is known to all，it takes more than good looks
19、 to succeed as an actor.6There are plenty of good pubs and clubs in this area，most of which are friendly and safe.7We will put off the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better.8There are 108 staff members in the College,86 of whom are fulltime teachers.用关系代词或关系副词合并下列句子1Her son hasnt cal
20、led her for some time.It makes her worried.Her_son_hasnt_called_her_for_some_time，which_makes_her_worried.2The Smiths wish to make some new friends.They have just moved to America.The_Smiths，who_have_just_moved_to_America，wish_to_make_some_new_friends.3We walked around the town and finally settled a
21、t a caf.We enjoyed a little dessert there.We_walked_around_the_town_and_finally_settled_at_a_caf，where_we_enjoyed_a_little_dessert.4It is announced on the school radio.The sports meeting will be held next Saturday.As_is_announced_on_the_school_radio，the_sports_meeting_will_be_held_next_Saturday.5Mos
22、t cities have a travel office.You can get much useful information from it.Most_cities_have_a_travel_office，from_which_you_can_get_much_useful_information.6Thomas Edison was a great American scientist.His inventions have changed the way of our living.Thomas_Edison_was_a_great_American_scientist，whose
23、_inventions_have_changed_the_way_of_our_living.7The skin is our largest organ (器官)It makes up almost ten pounds of our body weight.The_skin_is_our_largest_organ，which_makes_up_almost_ten_pounds_of_our_body_weight.8The last time I went to Scotland was in May.The weather was beautiful at the time.The_
24、last_time_I_went_to_Scotland_was_in_May，when_the_weather_was_beautiful.9She has two sons.The older of them has just graduated from college.She_has_two_sons，the_older_of_whom_has_just_graduated_from_college.10I suggest you keep a diary every day.I think it is a good way to release the feelings and em
25、otions.I_suggest_you_keep_a_diary_every_day，which_I_think_is_a_good_way_to_release_the_feelings_and_emotions.Part TwoWriting写作目标Writing an email常用句式1开头语I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that.I have the pleasure to tell you that.Thank you for your email of May 16th.I have received your mes
26、sage today.How are you getting along with your daily life?2话题引入语If so，please email me in response.As far as I know，.As to/for your question，.Im glad to tell you something about it.3结束语Waiting for your good news.Hoping you are enjoying good health.Enjoy a good day!Please keep in touch with me.With ki
27、nd/best regards.Im looking forward to your reply.Please write to me soon and tell me about your.Hope you will.典例展示加拿大高中生David在互联网上登出启事(notice)，希望结识一位中国朋友，以便学习中国的语言、文化。假设你是重庆实验中学的李华，请在看到这则启事后，用英文给David发一封电子邮件。主要内容包括：1你是怎样得知他的愿望的；2你愿意成为他的朋友；3你打算如何帮助他；4你盼望他的回复。联想词汇1在互联网上on_the_Internet2与交朋友make_friends
28、_with3自我介绍introduce_myself/make_myself_known4擅长be_good_at5与保持联系keep_in_touch_with6期盼look_forward_to范文展示Dear David，I am Li Hua.I am glad to read your notice on the Internet and I know you want to make friends with a Chinese in order to learn the Chinese language and culture.I want to be your friend.N
29、ow Id like to introduce myself to you.I was born in Chongqing in 1990，I study in the Experimental Middle School of Chongqing and I am good at English.I think I can help you to know about China by sending emails.Whats more，we can have chats on the Internet in Chinese or English and Ill tell you the c
30、ustoms，the festivals，the foods，etc.of the Chinese.I hope we can keep in touch with each other.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua.阅读理解AAbout a third of all common cancers in the United States，China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food，drank less alcohol a
31、nd exercised more，health experts said on Friday.Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund(WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States，as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.“Even in 2011，people a
32、re dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight，diet，physical activity and other lifestyle factors，”said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization(WHO) reports，which say regular exercise can prevent man
33、y diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising.Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease.There are about 200 known types of cancer.Rachel
34、Thompson，the WCRFs head of science，said that while the message was simplethat not smoking，eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward_off many cancersit was still a difficult one to get across.The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week.This could be done by w
35、alking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.Peter Baldini，head of the World Lung Foundation，also called on all governments to introduce smokefree laws and raise the price of cigarettes.Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year，and tobaccorelated lung cancers also kil
36、l hundreds of thousands of people who dont smoke but have been exposed to it secondhand.“There isnt a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer，but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible，”Baldini said.1Which of the following words can best take
37、 the place of the underlined phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph?Aprotect BpreventCdevelop Dcure答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的内容可以推测是不吸烟，吃好的食物及有一个健康的体重有助于防止癌症的发生，故选B。2Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?AExercising and eating healthily can help reduce cancer risk.BEach year
38、 about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world.CEvery year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers.DAdults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week.This could be don
39、e by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.”知，世界卫生组织建议成年人应该一周五次一次30分钟的锻炼时间，故选D。3Which of the following can be the best title of this text?ASimple Life Changes Could Stop Millions of CancersBCancer Is a Leading Cause of DeathCOur Bad Lifestyle Caused Many Diseases
40、DThe Incidence of Common Cancers Is Rising答案A解析标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句“.making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers.”及整篇短文的内容可知简单的生活方式的改变可以防止癌症的发生，故选A。4By writing the passage，the author mainly intends to _.Aadvise people to develop healthier lifestyleBwarn people of the da
41、nger of cancersCexplain why many people die from cancers every yearDintroduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers答案A解析细节理解题。根据短文的内容可知作者主要建议人们养成健康的生活方式，故选A。BAs the new semester begins，millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper
42、or，more likely，how best to delay that paper.Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space，eating snacks，surfing the Internet，watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them，who
43、，most likely，are doing nothing either.Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate，they write micro blogs about their fears，asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue.But this does nothing to break the spell(魔咒)According to a recent report,95 percent of us procrastinate at some p
44、oint and 20 percent of the worlds population are always procrastinating.The figures are disappointing.Procrastinators are less wealthy，less healthy and less happy than those who dont delay.Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior，but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are al
45、l wrong.Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure.Pelling says this is nonsense，as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time.The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed，inconveniences others a
46、nd annoys loved ones.Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent(过失的)in a society that thinks of swift action as admirable，and，at times，even as a moral good.Fortunately，social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and
47、offer strategies to control it.Piers Steel，a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation，believes human is “designed” to procrastinate.Nevertheless，he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.5From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _.Aprocrasti
48、nation is beneficial to many studentsBmany students are under great pressure in their studyClots of college students are working hard to write good articles on timeDmany students are getting into the habit of delaying finishing their tasks答案D解析段落大意题。根据第二段的中心句“Procrastination is the thief of time and
49、 a lot of students suffer from it.”可知许多学生都有拖延时间的习惯，故选D。6According to the passage，procrastination probably refers to _.Aa bad habitBa serious illnessCa difficult taskDa form of entertainment答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.”及第三段第一句中的“Paraly
50、zed by their habit to procrastinate.”可知拖延是一种坏的习惯，故选A。7Which of the following statements is WRONG?AProcrastination makes people waste their time.BProcrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.CSwift action is considered as a moral standard in the society.DProcrastination is common among peop
51、le.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段前两句“Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure.Pelling says this is nonsense，as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time.”可知，拖延时间完成作业有可能因为时间紧而更容易出错，故选B。8What is most likely to be discussed in
52、 the paragraph that follows?AMeasures to deal with procrastination.BApproaches to handling the study pressures.CMore examples to illustrate procrastination.DIntroduction to the book The Procrastination Equation.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Nevertheless，he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the tas
53、k at hand.”可知选A。.语法填空What can keep your brain young and active？Marie Pasinski,1.a doctor from Massachusetts General Hospital，says，“New experiences as well as a good snack.”The next time you feel 2.bored(bore) at the pool，play a board game or cards.Exercising your mind with a challenging game that re
54、quires brainpower,3.like chess or bridge (桥牌)，is more than just fun.These types of games are so interesting 4.that they can build up working memory.Traveling，especially in the places where English isnt spoken，can make you 5.smarter(smart) and more intelligent.There is a great deal of recent research
55、 proving its benefits.6On the other hand，eat more nuts！Not only are nuts the perfect snack for a summer road trip，they also keep your mind sharp.Some nuts are rich in magnesium (镁)，7.which can improve learning skills and memory of mice.The research 8.was_published(publish) in the Journal Neuron last
56、 month.Another study at New York State Institute also proved the point,9.showing(show) that mice who ate nuts made improvements in learning，memory，emotional regulation and movements，compared with 10.those who didnt ate nuts.短文改错Dear friends，It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.We hav
57、e spent several precious weekend in learning in the English Club.As we have been members for a short period of time，we have made a great progress.That is because we are all very much active and the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.Besides，the foreign teachers here work hard and try
58、 his best to make the activities lively and interested.I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far.I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future!答案Dear friends，It is a good chance to have met all of you here.We have spent several precious in l
59、earning in the English Club. we have been members for a short period of time，we have made a great progress.That is because we are all very muchactive and the activities are not only enjoyable also helpful.Besides，the foreign teachers here work hard and try best to make the activities lively and .I a
60、m very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far.I am looking forward to all of you again in the near future!.书面表达请根据下面的表格提示，写一篇100词左右的题为“Changes in Our Hometown”的英语短文。过去现在旧房高楼河水肮脏河水清澈步行、骑自行车乘公交车、小汽车Changes in Our HometownOver the past ten years，great changes have take
61、n place in our hometown.In the past，the houses in our hometown were very poor，but now many people have moved into tall buildings (there are many tall buildings here and there)The water in the rivers was very dirty，but now the rivers are clean and people can swim in them.People used to walk or ride bikes，but now they can take buses or drive their own cars to go to work.Peoples living conditions have improved a lot.Thanks to the governments efforts，our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.