1、Unit 5Section Using language.阅读理解AThe UK physicist Isaac Newton once said, “Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy (傻子)” Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and lash out a
2、t (抨击) us.The outbreak of COVID19 in China and some other countries at the beginning of this year is an example. According to some experts, the novel coronavirus is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017 and probably has an intermediate host (中间宿主)Its once believed that the virus originated from
3、the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, where live wild animals were sold.The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr.PeterDaszak, president of the USbased health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said，“This outbreak is a lesson to us. On a global scale (规模), human population density (密度), w
4、ildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病)”In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Ancient Chinese people alway
5、s pursued the harmony between nature and human beings. However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify (改变) plants, capture some wild and rare animals to suit their own
6、 needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. For example, cutting a large number of forests means carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere and it contributes to global warming.Although we dont know for sure what first caused the COVID19 o
7、utbreak, Brian Lamacraft said its time to “reflect on our relationship with our planet” and “reconnect with this world and everything that weve been given”. After all, according to the US poet Gary Snyder, “Nature is not the place to visit. Its our home.”1What lesson did Daszak think human beings sh
8、ould learn from the COVID19 outbreak?ABats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.BIts impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.CWe should stop the wildlife trade around the world.DHumans should live peacefully with nature.2What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?AHow human beings become their
9、own masters.BHow human activities cause global warming.CHow human beings break the balance of nature.DHow humans use technology to improve their lives.3What is the authors purpose of writing this article?ATo reflect on the COVID19 outbreak.BTo explain what led to the COVID19 outbreak.CTo describe ex
10、perts predictions on new pandemics.DTo compare ancient and modern attitudes towards nature.BIt seems we cant get off the planet fast enough. Two thirds of NASAs money is spent on manned space exploration. Weve seen all we can see on Earth, right? Wrong. The final place is here, under the surface of
11、the sea.When we are heading down into the ocean, human limits are quickly reached. At a depth of 200 metres, the water is as black as a moonless night. Most nuclear submarines (核潜艇) would implode (内爆) before they reach 1 km down. At a depth of 3 kmstill less than the average depth of the oceantheres
12、 a good chance that youll discover a new species. The deepestdiving whales go no further. At the very bottom, about 11 km down, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Twelve humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Challenger Deep w
13、ith their own eyes.Yet things live down there. Big things. A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature known on the planet.In the late 1990s, a deepwater submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean, and pa
14、ssing 4,000 metres, it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised? Dont be. The ocean covers 71% of the planets surface and weve studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.One reason that we explore space is to find evidence o
15、f other life forms. The search for life outside of Earth is important, but robots can look under the dry rock on Mars better than humans. Theyre absolutely important for doing ocean research too, but they cant look under the sea. The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all o
16、ur lives.Perhaps now its time to begin a new period of sea exploration. Manned exploration of space is science fiction. The adventure in the deep sea is a science fact.4What do the examples in Paragraph 2 suggest?ASea exploration is no easy task.BNuclear submarines need to be improved.CThe ocean is
17、far deeper than people expected.DThe condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.5What do we know about the Challenger Deep?ABlue whales live there.BNo one has ever been there.CPeople are terrified at the sight of it.DIt is the deepest known location in the ocean.6What does the author thi
18、nk of the discovery in the Southern Ocean?AIts surprising. BIts no wonder.CIts worrying. DIts no success.7What does the author want to tell us?ASpace exploration is of little value.BWe spend too much money on space travel.CHumans success lies in how much they explore the sea.DThe ocean is the place
19、where we should make our efforts.七选五 The Good and Bad of Online CommunicationOur need to communicate with each other is a constant driving force for new inventions. Online services and products are where most development in communication is happening. Now there are increasing options for when, where
20、 and how to communicate, and perhaps most importantly, with whom._1_ Nobody can see who they are or what they look like. Many people who are shy feel confident online. One user noted that everyone is equal online and this cannot be found in facetoface meetings. When you meet someone in person, you i
21、mmediately make judgments based on appearance. _2_ Online, however, appearance, age and status all become unimportant, and this encourages users to be open and honest, which makes it a lot easier for people to make friends.Apart from making friends online, the Internet can bring together likeminded
22、people who want to discuss favourite topics. There are forums and chat rooms for just about any hobby, interest, special ability or unusual taste you can imagine._3_Some people spend so much time on the Internet that they become totally dependent on it. Psychologists and social scientists worry that
23、 if people spend more time with computers than with other people, they will forget how to get on with people facetoface. Apart from dependency, there are other objections and worries about the Internet. _4_ Being open and honest with complete strangers, then arranging to meet them without friends or
24、 family knowing about it is very dangerous behaviour. Even when the worst dangers do not happen, simple lies can leave people disappointed. Then there is the problem of information being stolen. The Internet has led to a new type of criminal, cybercriminals, who could easily take your information an
25、d could even be using your identity and password._5_ Most users seem to think it is.AWhenever or however you use the Internet, hackers will be a constant threat.BWith all these dangers, is going online to communicate really worthwhile?CPeople love the freedom of the Internet.DHowever, going online a
26、lso has a dark side.EEven a persons accent or the choice of shoes forms a certain impression.FMost users said that going online had improved their lives.GNot all people seeking relationships online have innocent intentions.课时作业(十四).阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。开头讲到如果人类违反自然规则，自然会给人类带来惩罚。接着利用新冠肺炎的爆发作为论据，阐述了违反自
27、然规则带来的后果，最后引用美国诗人加里斯奈德的说法结尾“大自然不是游览的地方，而是我们的家”。从而得出结论，人类要与自然和谐共处。1答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第四段中This outbreak is a lesson. pandemics(流行病)可知这次疫情的爆发给了我们一个教训。在全球范围内，人口密度、野生动物多样性以及土地利用的变化，是导致新的流行病的原因；以及第一段中But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and lash out at(抨击) us.可知如果我们违反了规则，自然可能会残忍地惩罚我们。由此可见，Das
28、zak认为新冠肺炎爆发带给我们的教训是：人类应该和自然和平共处。2答案与解析：C段落大意题。根据第五段中as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature可知随着人类掌握更多的知识，制造更先进的工具，人们试图改变甚至征服自然；以及In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.可知在这个过
29、程中，人类逐渐失去与自然的联系，甚至使自然失去平衡。由此可见，本段主旨是人类怎样打破了自然的平衡。3答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是反思新冠肺炎疫情的爆发。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。地球表面71%的面积是海洋，而我们已探索的区域却不足其5%，比起对太空的探索，或许探索深海更具现实意义。4答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的Twelve humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Challenger Deep with their own eyes.可知，已有12个人
30、在月球上行走过，但是目睹过马里亚纳海沟的最深处，即挑战者深渊的却只有3个人。可见比起探索太空，人类对于深海的探索更为艰难。故选A项。5答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第二段中的At the very bottom，about 11 km down, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.可知，挑战者深渊位于海底大概11千米的位置，是马里亚纳海沟最深的部分，即已知的海洋最深处。故选D项。6答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第四段中的it discovered somet
31、hing huge passing under it和Surprised? Dont be. The ocean covers 71% of the planets surface and weve studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.可知，对于在南冰洋的发现，作者认为不足为奇，因为地球表面71%的面积被海洋覆盖，人类已研究的区域却不到5%。故选B项。7答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The search f
32、or life outside of Earth is important. but they cant look under the sea. The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all our lives.和最后一段可知，探索海底对人类的实际意义重大，所以作者要告诉我们海洋是我们应该努力探究的地方。故选D项。.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了网上交流的利与弊。1答案与解析：C此空为该段的首句，应该是该段的总起句。根据空后Nobody can see who they are or
33、 what they look like.和everyone is equal online可知没人知道他们是谁，长什么样，而且在网上每个人都是平等的。这都说明在网络上交流让人感到自由。2答案与解析：E根据空前When you meet someone in person，you immediately make judgments based on appearance.可知当你和某人见面时，你会立刻根据他的外表做出判断；选项E中Even表示语气加强，a persons accent or the choice of shoes forms a certain impression是补充说明
34、前一句中的make judgments based on appearance。3答案与解析：D设空处上面的两段说明网上交流的好处：让人感到自由以及可以找到趣味相同的人；本空下面提到they become totally dependent on it，这是在说明网上交流的弊端：过于依赖网络。该段的话题和前两段的话题出现转折；D项中的However表示转折关系，起承上启下的作用。4答案与解析：G根据空前Apart from dependency，there are other objections and worries about the Internet.可知人们对互联网还有其他的反对意见和担忧，下文举例说明人们反对和担忧互联网的原因：被骗、信息被盗等。选项G顺承前一句的话题。5答案与解析：B由语境可知，下文Most users seem to think it is.是对选项B的回答。
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