1、条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去式(were)had donewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have done1.过去式2.should+V.(原)3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原)一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。If it were not raining,we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。If he came here,he might be able to help you.
2、如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。与现在事实相反的虚拟 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。If he hadnt called me,I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。与过去事实相反的虚拟 If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.If I were to be twenty years old next year,I would take
3、the course of French.If he should not come tomorrow,we would put off the meeting till next week If it should fail,I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。与将来事实相反的虚拟2.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。1).由动词（一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求）引导的宾语从句。用虚拟语气should+V.或者省略should,即1).insist 2).order,command 3).advise,suggest,propose 4).demand,req
4、uire,request,ask We insisted they not be present at such gathering.He ordered that all(should)take part in the work.He suggested we(should)start off early the next day.They requested that we(should)have lunch with them.注意:当suggest表示“暗示,表明”insist表示“坚持认为”时,不用虚拟语气:l The smile on his face suggestedthat
5、he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.2)在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion 等引导的表语从句中:My advice is that he wait till next week.Her suggestion is that we shouldlearn all the texts by heart.The generals order was that all the soldiers reach the
6、 border in ten hours.3).在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion 等引导的同位语从句中：uWe all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing.uOrder came that the soldiers be sent to the border.uHere is the doctors advice that you should take the medicine 4 times a day.4).在 It is
7、suggested/requested/demanded ordered/required/desired/proposed/advised/insisted+that 此类主语从句中,从句用(should)+动词原形:Its suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.It was ordered that the wounded be sentto the field hospital at once.It is required that students should turnoff lights when l
8、eaving classroom.二.虚拟语气特殊句型:1).wish 的宾语从句现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时(had done)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)should I wish everyday were my birthday.I wish I hadnt eaten so much food yesterday.I wish I would be a scientist.2).would rather that现在:过去:未来:I would rather you paid me now.I would rather I hadnt come y
9、esterday.I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3).as if/though+表语从句 现在：过去：过去时过去完成时 She loves the baby as if it were her own son.They talked as if they had been friends for years.4).Its(high)time+that过去时(were)Should(不省)+V.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its hi
10、gh time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.5).Its necessary/strange/important/natural/a pity/no wonder/impossible+that 从句，从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to t
11、he party.Its necessary that we should studyhard.注意：It is+adj./n.+that 句型也可不用虚拟语气:It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.6).虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中,表示“要是。就好了”If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird!If only I had seen the film!=How
12、I wish I had seen the film!If only I had known his telephone number!7).如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。Had you not helped me，I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Were you in my position,you would do the same.假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Should they attack us,well wipe them o
13、ut completely.假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。8).在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气:If it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,=Without your help,=Had it not been for your help,9.混合型的条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互
14、呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday,I should know what to do now.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。If I were you,I would not have broken the glass.假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。1.If I had had enough time
15、,I _ my work.A.would finis B.must have finishedD.had finished C.would have finishedCExercise2.Ten minutes earlier,they _ the plane.A.will catchB.would catch C.would have caughtD.will have caught C3.Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week.A.writeB.writenC.would writeD.wil
16、l write 4.Had he studied hard,he_ the exam.A.would passB.could passC.had passedD.would have passedAD5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his room.A.knowB.knownC.knewD.should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day.A.haveB.would haveC.must haveD.will have CA7.If there were no water in t
17、he world,everything _.A.will dieB.would dieC.would have diedD.would have been deadB8._ what was going to happen,I would never have left her alone.A.Had I knownB.If I knowD.If had I known C.If I knewA9.He ordered that the work _ right away.A.should finishB.finishedC.would be finishedD.be finished 10.
18、_ in your position,I would help him.A.Was IB.Were IC.If I amD.If I had beenDB11.Shall we go to the movie tonight?No,Id rather _ at home with our baby.Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A.you stayedB.you stayC.stayedD.stayA12.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel.A.not to stayB.not st
19、ayingC.staying notD.that she not stay 13.If you had spoken clearly,you would_.A.understand itB.have understoodC.be understoodD.have been understoodDD14.If you _ that late movie last night,you wouldnt be so sleepy.A.havent watchedB.hadnt watchedC.didnt watchD.wouldnt have watched 15.The foreign frien
20、d speaks Chinese so well as if he _ a Chinese.A.isB.beC.should beD.wereBD16.If he _,he_ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not takeB.would be warned;had not takenC.had been warned;would not have takenD.would have been warned;had not takenC1.If you _(arrive)t
21、en minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.2.Its time that we _(go)to the railway station.3.If they_(not help)us,our experiment would have failed.had arrivedhadnt helpedwent/should go填空4.Youre five minutes late.I suggested that you _(come)earlier tomorrow.5.Mather often tells us that it is nece
22、ssary that we _(drink)a glass of water after we get up.(should)come(should)drink6.She insisted that she_ (send)to work in the faraway small town.7._ I not _(forget)his telephone number,I would have rung him.8.He is busy now.If he _(be)free,he_(go)with you.would goforgotten(should)be sentHadwere9.The manager was in his office then.If he _(be)here,everything _ (settle)in a minute.10.Noisy as it was,he went on reading as if nothing _(happen).would haven been settledwere happeninghad been
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