1、Unit 1 A land of diversity Grammar The Noun Clauses名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive ClauseWho will win the match is still unknown.I want to kno
2、w what he has told you.The fact is that we have lost the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Subject Clause(主语从句)Object Clause(宾语从句)Noun clausePredicative Clause(表语从句)主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。e.g.That the earth is round is true.Whether she will come or not is still a questi
3、on.What you are doing seems very difficult.When they will start has not been decided yet.1.引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。That the earth is round is trueThat-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It is true that the earth is round.Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether 而不用if引导主语从句，Whe
4、ther she will come or not is still a question.但如果有形式主语 it引导时，既可用 whether，也可用 if。e.g.It is still a question if she will come or not.3.有时可用形式主语it 代替主语从句：e.g.It is still a question whether she will come or not.It has not been decided yet when they will start.用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词+tha
5、t-从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that很明显b.It+be+-ed 分词+that-从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to all that 从所周知It has been decided that已决定c.It+be+名词+that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是d.It+不及物动词+that-分句It appears t
6、hat 似乎It happens that 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起1._ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether2._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter练一练！what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,表示的.而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接
7、作用,没有意义.(1)What you said yesterday is right.(2)That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.3._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 4._the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That5._ is a fac
8、t that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.ThisC.That D.It6.When and why he came here _ yet.A.is not knownB.are not known C.has not known D.have not bee 7.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space.A.where B.what C.
9、that D.how 3.It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.A.whether B.if C.that D.how 宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。e.g.Do you know where he is?Im glad(that)you have passed the exam.I dont know whether(if)you are willing to help me.I m sorry for what I have said.我为我说的话表示歉意。特别提示1
10、.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。2.下列宾语从句 必须用whether 引导，不可用if:a.从句后有or not 时，不可用if:I dont know whether he will come or not.b.介词宾语通常用 whether 引导:It depends on whether he is coming or not.这要看他是否会来。c.后接动词不定式时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留？3
11、.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Do you know how old he is?I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can workwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情
12、的支持。4.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。1.He asked _ for a violin（MET1992）A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid2It is generally considered u
13、nwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever3.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.what D.where 4.The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years.A.had his daught
14、er grown B.would his daughter grow C.his daughter would grow D.his daughter had grown5.Have you seen Mary lately?My boss wants to know _.A.how she is getting along B.how is she getting along C.what she is getting along D.what is she getting along6.The true value of life is not in _,but _.A.which we
15、get;what give we B.what we get;what we give C.which do we get;what do we give D.how we get;that we give7.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited 8.Do you know _?A.how many popu
16、lations there are in the world?B.how much population there is in the world C.how many the population of the world is D.what the population of the world is9.I dont doubt _ hell come.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether10.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A.if B.where C.whethe
17、r D.thatIf depends on _ we will be ready in time.A.whether B.thatC.if D.when表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.表语从句放在连系动词后，如：be，seem,remain等，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。e.g.The problem is that I am short of money.China is no longer what she used to be.The question is how we can get there.It looks as if it
18、is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。特别提醒1.表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2.表语从句是不用 if 引导的,要用whether.主语是reason时，表语从句常用that，不用because.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.1.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon（上海2001年春季招生）A.when B.how C.whether D.why 2.-I drove to Z
19、huhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.what C.when D.where 3._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;why C.What;because D.Why;that 4.Go and get your coatIts _ you left itA.where B.there C.here where D.where there 5.Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that6.The city is no longer _.A.what it is B.that it used to be C.which it was D.what it used to be7.The problem is_ he has enough time.A.if B.whether C./D.that
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