1、(五)介 词一、方位介词1.above，over，on；below，under，beneath (1)above侧重于相对水平高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。(2)over侧重于垂直高度，即位于正上方，其反义词是under。(3)on侧重于与物体表面接触，其反义词是beneath。Be careful，there is a heavy box over your head.The position he pointed to was below the sea level.2.across，over，through，past across意为“横穿、穿越”，表示运动发生在物体的表面
2、。over意为“跨过，越过”，表示运动发生在物体的上方。through意为 “穿 过，通过”，表示运动发生在某物的空间。past意为“从 旁经过”，表示运动发生在某物旁边。The Great Wall winds its way from west to east，across desert，over mountains，through valleys till at last it reaches the sea.3.in，on，to在方位名词前的区别。in表示在范围之内；to表示在某范围之外的地方；on表示“毗邻”“接壤”。Shandong Province is/lies in the
3、east of China.Japan is/lies to the east of China.二、时间介词1.at，in，on，by，after2.for，from，since for后接时段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。from接时间点的名词词组，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短。since接时间点的名词词组，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻，因而与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years
4、 after his retirement.My younger sister began to learn dancing from the age of five.He has been working in Tibet since he graduated from college.三、工具、手段、方式介词1.by，in，on三词都表示旅行的方式。名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等时用on/in。travel to New York in this plane；go to school on my bike【说明】步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。on foot，on horseback,on
5、 a horse，on the camel2.with，by，in三词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。They are digging with a pick/spade.by hand；in ink in English/Japanese 四、原因介词She often hangs her head for shame.He went red with anger.The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday because_of the heavy rain.His illness was due_to smoking an
6、d drinking.Thanks_to the Partys good policy，the farmers are now living a happy and rich life.五、介词与某些词类的搭配1.名词与介词的固定搭配(1)常与to搭配的名词：key，answer，visit，apology，introduction (2)常与in搭配的名词：interest，satisfaction，expert (3)常与on搭配的名词：mercy，congratulation (4)常与其他介词搭配的名词：prize for，respect for，victory over，strugg
7、le with2.形容词与介词的固定搭配(1)与at搭配的形容词：afraid，angry，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，puzzled，frightened (2)与of搭配的形容词：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud，worthy (3)与with搭配的形容词：angry，strict，careful，busy，popular(4)与in搭配的形容词：weak，strict，rich，interested，successful(5)与to搭配的形容词：next，good，polite，kind，cruel
8、，rude，known，married，close，similar，due(6)与for搭配的形容词：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry(7)与from搭配的形容词：far，different，free，safe，absent，tired(8)与about搭配的形容词：sorry，worried，anxious，careful，sure，certain【注】同一形容词与不同的介词搭配其含义会不同。of抽象名词形容词of great valuevery valuableof no useuselessa man of wealtha wealt
9、hy manto与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”：Much to my joy，he was quite from danger.at与某些名词搭配表示“一就”at the sight ofat the thought of过关落实1.The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting.A.onB.forC.aboutD.with解析：suggest a date for为(某事)提议一个日期。答案：B 2.Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.A
10、.forB.exceptC.besidesD.with解析：besides同as well as 或in addition to，表示“除之外还有”。答案：C3.Experts have been warning _ of the health risks caused by passive smoking.A.at a time B.at one timeC.for some time D.for the time解析：forsome time表示“有一段时间”。答案：C 4.I think he is taking an active part in social work.I agree
11、 with you _.A.in a way B.on the wayC.by the way D.in the way解析：in a way在某种程度上。答案：A5.This is a junior school.You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age.A.forB.aboutC.fromD.to解析：for此处意为“(专门)为(你这个年龄的女孩子们准备的)”。答案：A 6.Although _ my opinion，the old professor didnt come up with his own.A.againstB
12、.onC.forD.in解析：against在本句中表示“反对，不赞同”。答案：A7.Fred，who had expected how it would go with his daughter，had a great worry _ his mind.A.onB.inC.withD.at解析：have.on/upon ones mind表“关心，为担心”。答案：A 8.Its quite _ me why such things have been allowed to happen.A.forB.behindC.againstD.beyond解析：Its beyond sb.意为“某人不
13、能明白”；beyond意为“(程度)超出，为所不及”。答案：D9.When do we need to pay the balance?_ September 30.A.InB.ByC.DuringD.Within解析：by此处意为“(时间)在之前，不迟于”。答案：B 10.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it.A.in honour of B.in memory of C.in favour of D.in search of解析：in honour of 意为“尊敬”；in memory of 表“为了纪
14、念”；in search of 指“为了寻找”；in favour of 则为“赞成、拥护、支持”，与against相对。答案：C11.I am afraid that I wont be able to spend the weekend with you in Dalian._，I have no money and for another I am too busy.A.After all B.For one thingC.Above all D.As well解析：for one thing.，for another.(用以陈述理由或观点)一则，再则。答案：B 12.He hesita
15、ted，wondering if he had asked too much _ the lady.A.fromB.ofC.forD.to解析：ask sth.of sb.期望，要求；ask too much of sb.要求过高。答案：B13.The two phrases are similar _ structure but different _ meaning.A.in；in B.to；to C.in；from D.with；from解析：be similar/different in 意为“在方面相似(不同)”。答案：A 14.Shall I come for the suit o
16、n Friday?Youd better not.It wont be ready _ Friday.You can come and collect it next week.A.byB.tillC.atD.after解析：by此处意为“(时间)在之前，不迟于”。答案：A15.This year the white ducks are no longer lovely in locals eyes，_ their fear of bird flu.A.except for B.due to C.in case of D.instead of解析：due to(doing)意为“归咎于，归结于，归因于”。答案：B
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