1、Grammar同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief 4.连词that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how1.This is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。2.I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。3.H
2、e made the suggestion that we go by train.他建议我们坐火车去。4.There is no doubt that he is guilty.毫无疑问，他是有罪的。5.The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。同位语从句与定语从句区别:1.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,prom
3、ise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了。Our team has won the game,which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)(同位语从句)2.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属
4、于名词性从句的范畴，如:The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterdaywas true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:That question whether we need it has not been consider
5、ed.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替，如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)The order that we r
6、eceived yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。Gone forever are the days when Chinese people
7、were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A.that B.what C.which D.why AA练一
8、练！3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./D.it BB5.I have no idea _ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorro
9、w.A.if B.that C.whether D.which BA7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what DC 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease
10、.A.that B.as C.of which D.which A 10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when 11.The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A.as B.which C.what D.that AC 11.Along with the letter was his promise _ he wo
11、uld visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether B 13.Luckily,wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A.it B.that C.this D.which 14.Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A.that B.what C.as D.whichDB 15.One of the men held the view _ the bo
12、ok said was right.A.that B.what that C.that what D.whetherthat 引导同位语从句，补充说明view;what引导主语从句并在同位语从句中作主语。C16.A story goes _Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.(04,上海）A.when B.where C.what D.thatD17.Along with the letter was his promi
13、se _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(04，上海）A.which B.that C.what D.whetherB18.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need_.(03,上海）A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improved C.where;improving D.when;improvingA19.There is a feeling in me _ well n
14、ever know what a UFO isnot never.A.that B.which C.of which D.whatA20.I have no idea _ we can spend our holiday.A.where B.which C.that D.whatA21.The news _ he told us yesterday is not true,but the news _ our team has won the match is true.A./;that B.that;/C.that;which D.that;whoA22.The question occur
15、red to me _ the book was worth reading.A.what B.whether C.which D.ifB1.We were excited at the news.Our football team had won a third match.2.They have made a new plan.Another experiment building will be put up beside the library.I.合并成一句:We were excited at the news that our football team had won a th
16、ird match.They have made a new plan thatanother experiment building will be put up beside the library.3.They had the question.Could he pass the final exam?4.Who did the damaged computer belong to?No one had any idea.They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.No one had any idea who t
17、he damaged computer belonged to.5.The problem has been solved.Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?The problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy stormhas been solved.II.判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spr
18、ead throughout the world.Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.同定 Is there any hope that he will be home at 7?Ive no hope that my parents have been expecting to me.同定 The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all.There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.同定
19、Using structures on P71 1.His suggestion that we should take the train from west to east across Canada sounds very exciting.2.The idea that they would clone the first human being surprised many people at the meeting.3.He broke the rule that no one is allowed to smoke on the campus.4.The Chinese bask
20、etball fans were wild with joy when they heard the news that Yao Ming had collected forty points for the Houston Rockets in the game.5.Mary left a message with me for you that she wont be able to see you off this afternoon.6.There is no doubt that he is the right person for this job.7.In the letter he expressed the hope that he would come and visit China again.8.The captain gave the order that all the soldier had to reach the village before dawn.9.Not everyone present agrees to his thought that it is impossible to finish the work before the end of this month.
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