1、(建议用时：35分钟) 阅读理解(2019湖南高三11月份六校联考)If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then were both better off as a resultso goes the principle of reciprocity. As humans, we are familiar with the concept, whether it is by buying rounds of drinks or expelling diplomats. But do animals also help those who h
2、elp them? The answer may be yes. A paper by Dolivo and Taborsky shows that Norway rats will only give as good as they get.In their laboratory, Dolivo and Taborsky first trained rats to pull a stick that provided a food item within the reach of a rat in a neighboring cage separated from them by wire
3、mesh(铁丝网)They then introduced a further treatment in which an experimental rat was placed in a cage with other caged rats on either side. On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces.In th
4、e following trials the focal rat (the one in the central cage) had the opportunity to repay the other rats using the same stick tool to deliver food items.Now, the rats had typically turned their noses up at the carrot and showed a strong preference for the more desirable banana. On the basis that t
5、he bananaproviding rat should be therefore remembered as the superior partner, the authors predicted that in the test phase(阶段) the focal rat would more readily provide help for bananaoffering rats than for carrotoffering rats. This proved to be the case: the rats that had provided better help in th
6、e past received greater rewardsit seemed that they were behaving reciprocally.Dolivo and Taborskys experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and by which rat, and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those that helped them. It is apparent tha
7、t we shouldnt undervalue the ability of animals to engage in reciprocity.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做实验得出结论的过程。实验的结果告诉人们，我们不应该低估动物的互惠能力。1What does the underlined word “reciprocity” probably refer to?AThe act of being kind to other people.BA cooperative exchange of favors.CA positive a
8、ttitude to everything.DThe quality of being generous.B解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then were both better off as a result”可知，如果两个人互相抓背，则两个人都能得到好处；由此可推知，reciprocity意为“互惠”，故B项正确。2What would happen if a rat pulled the stick?AIt would find some food in its own cage.BOt
9、her rats would be able to enter its cage.CAnother rat in another cage would get food.DIt would be able to enter a neighboring cage.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced b
10、anana pieces”可推知，如果一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物，故C项正确。3Which got more benefit from the focal rat?AThe rats that preferred carrot pieces.BThe rats that preferred banana pieces.CThe rats that had provided carrot pieces.DThe rats that had provided banana pieces.D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“the rats that had prov
11、ided better help in the past received greater rewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠会得到更多的回报，故D项正确。4Which of the following might Dolivo and Taborsky agree with?ASome animals may return others help.BNorway rats have very poor memories.CIt is hard to explain the ability of animals.DRats behavior is very uncommon.A解析：推理判
12、断题。根据尾段第一句可知，Dolivo和Taborsky的实验表明，老鼠能够回忆起谁提供的帮助和帮助的质量，并调整它们的行为，从而投入更多的时间和精力去帮助那些帮助过它们的同类；由此可推知，动物会回报帮助过它们的对象，故A项正确。 七选五(2019沈阳教学质量监测)As a senior year student, you may have so many pressures coming from so many directions that you cant figure out what to do first.1 When you have many things to do and
13、 a lot of demands on your time, you can lose sight of whats important. One of the best ways to see the big picturewhat you want out of lifeis to lay out your goals.Pressure points and how to deal with themConfused or overwhelmed2. Discuss your concerns with a friend, parent or teacher. They may help
14、 you find solutions to your problems and worries.Dont be too hard on yourselfease up, take a break and do something you enjoy, daydream, read a book, go out with friendsanything that helps you relax.Problems, problems, problemsrecognize your limits. Its too stressful to try to deal with all your pro
15、blems at once.3. Goalsetting tipsIts important to remember that goals belong to younot to your parents, your teachers, or your friends. After youve set your goals, identify the skills you have to achieve those goals.4. ， do some research. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and othe
16、r people who could help you.5 If your goal is something you no longer want, change it. Identify the barriers to getting your goals. Consider ways to overcome them. Dont get depressed by a big, longterm goalsee what steps you can take to achieve it and set those steps down as shortterm, “doable” goal
17、s.AToo much to do BBalancing goals in lifeCGoals exist to serve youDTalk to someone you trustEIf youre not sure what skills youll needFAs long as you know what skill is important and what isnt GChoose whats the most urgent and set aside the rest until later【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要给毕业班的学生提出了面对诸多压力时应该先做什么的建议
18、。1B解析：分析空处位置可知，空处应为段落小标题。下文讲的是在你有很多事情要做，并且在时间上有很多要求时，你可能不清楚什么是重要的，顾全大局的最好办法之一是设计你的目标。由此可知B项“在生活中要平衡目标”符合语境。2D解析：根据空后的句子“Discuss your concerns with a friend, parent or teacher.”可知，该空处表示“和你信任的人交谈”，所以选D项。3G解析：根据空前的“recognize your limits. Its too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once.”
19、可知，同时出现许多问题时，既然没有能力同时处理，那么应该先处理最需要处理的问题，然后再处理其他问题，所以选G项。4E解析：根据空后的“do some research. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and other people who could help you.”可知，如果你不确定你需要的技能是什么，你可以做研究，可以泡图书馆，可以试着求助于能够帮助你的人，所以选E项。E项中的skills一词照应空前的skills。5C解析：根据空后的“If your goal is something you no lon
20、ger want, change it.”，如果你的目标是你不再需要的东西，你就改变它，因为目标存在的目的是为你服务的，空处与后面的句子构成因果关系，所以选C项。 语法填空(2019昆明高三摸底调研测试)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1. (avoid) human beings, a new study finds.Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move
21、 around less or travel to far places to keep away 2. people. By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3. (look) for food.The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4. (fright) animals and cause them to become more
22、active at night. 5. had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6. (careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. 7. was human activities that caused an increase of about 2
23、0 percent in nighttime activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8. (publish) in the journal Science two months ago.The new findings are 9. (usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10. (surprise) that any kind of human a
24、ctivities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.【解题导语】人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。1to avoid考查非谓语动词。狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。2from考查固定搭配。keep away from. “远离”，为固定搭配。3looking考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”为固定用法。4frighten考查动词。最新研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词can后
25、应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。5What考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且缺少主语，故用what，意为“的事物”。6carefully考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。7It考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉 was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“It was被强调部分that其他成分”。8were published考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results是被动关系，且根据时间状语two months ago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
26、9unusual考查形容词。先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。10surprised考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。 短文改错(2019济南模拟)This morning, when I was walking on the streets, I saw two traveler reading a map, looked puzzled. It seemed that we were lost. I went up them and asked how I could help them.
27、 They told me that they were looking for the Temple of Heaven. I lead them to a nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, that could take them there directly. They appreciated my help great. Before long, the bus came. They got on a bus and waved goodbye to me. Seeing them on the bus, and
28、I felt a kind of satisfaction.答案：This morning, when I was walking on the ， I saw two reading a map， puzzled. It seemed that were lost. I went up them and asked how I could help them.They told me that they were looking for the Temple of Heaven. I them to a nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, could take them there directly. They appreciated my help . Before long, the bus came. They got on bus and waved goodbye to me.Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.
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