1、Module 3 Foreign Food Module 4 Which English高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练重细节，练速度(限时：25分钟).阅读理解A(2018河南郑州外国语学校第六次调考)A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring selfcontrol do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower
2、be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation is an effective method for maintaining selfcontrol, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office
3、 workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight. The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of selfcontrol raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers dont believe th
4、at ones willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demand. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our selfcontrol strength has been run down. High motivation might help overco
5、me weakened willpower at least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study selfcontrol often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While
6、 muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of selfcontrol may improve willpower strength.The evidence from willpower exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Years
7、Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, dont try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a
8、 better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, youll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually, healthy habits will become routine, and wont require making decisions at all. Many questions about the nature of selfcontrol remain to be answered by
9、 further research. Yet it seems likely that with clear goals, good selfmonitoring and a little practice, you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation.语篇解读：大部分研究意志力的人是带着这样一个明确的目标进行研究的：如何增强意志力？如果意志力真是一种有限的资源，那我们能做些什么来增强意志力呢？避免诱惑和强烈的动机、定期锻炼自我控制力、一次定一个目标，这些都是增强意志力的方法。1From the s
10、tudies in the passage we learn that _.Apeople have unlimited selfcontrolBhigh motivation ensures ones successCwillpower is hardly completely exhaustedDtoo many temptations often lead to failure解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Researchers dont believe that ones willpower is ever completely exhausted.”可知，一个人的意志力不可能完全耗
11、尽。答案C2Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?AWillpower can also become tired and exhausted like muscles.BWe are likely to train our willpower against temptations in any cases.CMaking New Year resolutions is the worst idea.DWe can only focus on one goal at a time.解析细节理解题。
12、根据第四段中的“Researchers who study selfcontrol often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use.”可知，研究者经常把自我控制力比作肌肉，如果过度使用，会变得疲惫。答案A3The author compares selfcontrol to muscles _.Ato prove the longterm effects of willpowerBto argue that selfcontrol can be easily used upCto show the
13、significance of regular exerciseDto explain the benefits of practicing selfcontrol解析推理判断题。文章第四段把意志力和肌肉相比较：肌肉可以通过长期规律的锻炼得到加强，同样地，练习自控力也可以提高意志力。答案D4To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?A“I will give up dessert and do exercise.”B“I will set three goals this new semeste
14、r.”C“I will keep myself from any temptation.”D“I will read an English novel every month.”解析推理判断题。倒数第二段主要说明，目标要清晰，不要一次定太多目标，最好一次定一个。按此标准，D项比较符合题意。答案DB(2018全国卷)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the wor
15、ld was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon
16、afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and
17、better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule
18、 is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone account
19、s for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu
20、in Cameroon ( eight remaining speakers) , Chiapaneco in Mexico (150) , Lipan Apache in the United States ( two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.语篇解读：随着人类的发展，语言的使用也发生了变化。本文通过一系列的数字，介绍了众多语言的消失、发展与变迁。5What can we infer abo
21、ut languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely connected.解析推理判断题。根据第一段中列举的数字可知，在狩猎采集时代，世界上只有五百万到一千万人口，但他们之间也许要说大约12000种语言，由此可推断，在那个时期语言的数量非常多。答案B6Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Par
22、agraph 2?AComplex.BAdvanced.CPowerful.DModern.解析词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages. are increasingly taking over”可知，许多语言消失了，取而代之的是英语、西班牙语和汉语这些语言，所以，留下来的这些语言是强大的。由此可猜测，dominant的意思是“强大的；突出的”，与powerful意义相近。答案C7How many languages are spoken by less than 6,0
23、00 people at present?AAbout 6,800.BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400.DAbout 1,200.解析细节理解题。根据第三段首句“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上存在大约6800种语言；再根据该段最后一句“.half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，世界上一半的语言被不到6000人所讲，即目前有大约3400 种语言被不到6000人所讲。答案B8What is the main
24、 idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了在狩猎采集时代，语言的种类是很多的，但随着人类的定居，语言变得少了一些，在最近几个世纪，贸易、工业化、国家的发展及全民义务教育的普及等因素都导致了一些语言的消失。由此可知，本文主要介绍了人类的发
25、展在一定程度上造成了语言种类的减少。答案C.七选五阅读填空(2018福建厦门质检)Each one of us has different natural and acquired abilities. Some learn new languages quickly, and some are more social than others. _1_ Obviously, people interpret what youre saying in different ways, based on the way they think._2_ While expecting to convin
26、ce others, we rely on our own thinking tools and strengths. It doesnt matter if youre trying to persuade your boss to adopt a new idea. But when you need to persuade your colleague, switch chairs with your listener and ask yourself what his or her strength is. Sure, you take into account whats impor
27、tant to them._3_ Try to fit someone you work with into the different thinking categoriesindividual thinking or group thinking. To quickly identify if someone thinks better individually or in a group, I ask one simple question: Did you prefer studying by yourself or in a group in high school? Youll f
28、ind out most people will answer in the blink of an eye.Then how to communicate better after identifying individual or group thinking? _4_ Individual thinkers need some time by themselves to digest a new idea. Therefore, try sending them suggestions by email or introduce a new idea and then giving th
29、em some time to think about it. Group thinkers will react much better when talking about a new idea. _5_ When group thinkers ask to talk about something, theyre actually asking you to brainstorm with them to help find a solution using conversation.AChoose your presentation strategy.BYou can find out
30、 which category you belong to.CIt is a challenge to convince people around you.DSo give them opportunities to voice their thoughts.EBut how about understanding how they actually think?FMost people are more productive when working alone.GThese strengths determine how we think and make decisions.语篇解读：
31、文章主要提出了快速确定不同的思维方式的方法，并介绍了如何根据不同的思维方式进行更好的沟通和交流。1解析根据设空前的内容可知，一些人能快速学习新的语言，一些人会比其他人更善于社交；再根据该空后一句可知，很明显，人们对你所说的内容有不同的解读，这是基于人们自己的思维方式的。据此可以判断，设空处承上启下，说明人们的优势决定了他们如何进行思考与作出决定。答案G2解析根据设空处的位置可知，该空为该段的主题句。通读该段内容，尤其是设空后一句可知，当我们期待说服他人时，我们是基于自己的思维方法和优势。紧接着后面讲如何转换思维方法去说服他人。C项(It is a challenge to convince p
32、eople around you.)既有关键词convince，又符合语境。答案C3解析根据设空处的位置可知，该空为该段的主题句。通读该段内容可知，本段主要讲述如何通过一个简单的问题快速确定人们的思维方式。这和E选项(But how about understanding how they actually think？)相呼应。答案E4解析本段详述了对于个体思维和群体思维的人的不同沟通方式。根据该空位置可知，该空承上启下。A选项Choose your presentation strategy.(选择你的沟通策略)符合语境。答案A5解析本段的主题为：如何根据不同的思维方式进行更好的沟通。根据
33、该空前的内容Group thinkers will react much better.可知，当讨论新的想法时，群体思维的人有更积极的回应，react much better和D选项中voice their thoughts(表达他们的想法)相呼应。答案D.短文改错(2018吉林百校联盟联考)Is it necessary to practise handwriting? Some students consider handwriting least important than before. They preferred the keyboard to the pen now, for
34、it is fast，convenient and clear. They think it is waste of time practising handwriting. However, others think Chinese handwriting is an important part of our traditional culture. Though computers are very convenient, but handwriting still plays an important role in the modern world. Beside, beautiful handwriting makes a good impression in others. It shows your attitude to do things. Chinese character are very beautiful and rich in culture. As for me，when reading a neat written article, you will feel pleased and relaxed.答案
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