1、Unit 1 Great scientists高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练重细节，练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解ABertha von Suttner received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905she was the first woman to receive it, and also the inspiration for the creation of the Nobel Prize.She met Alfred Nobel, a rich millionaire, by answering his newspaper ad for a secr
2、etary. Although she only worked for him for a few weeks, she remained good friends with Alfred Nobel for the next 20 years. When she became involved in the peace movement in Europe, she promised to keep Nobel informed of its progress. When Alfred Nobel died in 1896, his will included the establishme
3、nt of a peace prize, thanks to Bertha von Suttners influence.Bertha von Suttner was born in an aristocratic(贵族的) military family, but she spent the second half of her life working for peace. She wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies in Austria, Ge
4、rmany and Hungary, as well as the International Peace Bureau in Switzerland. Her novel, Lay Down Your Arms, was one of the most influential antiwar books of all time, and helped to make her a leader of the peace movement in Europe. Its end to war theme was both the ambition(抱负) and the most importan
5、t goal in the life of this great woman.Bertha von Suttner worked so hard for peace because she believed that a terrible war would break out in Europe if nations didnt work hard to establish lasting peace institutions. She made many major achievements for a more peaceful world, but two months after s
6、he died, World War broke out. A hundred years after she won the Nobel Peace Prize, nations still seem to view war as a choice to work out their problems. But like Bertha von Suttner did, many today are working hard around the world to help strengthen peace institutions and spread the idea that its t
7、ime to put an end to war.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了第一位女性诺贝尔和平奖获得者Bertha von Suttner。1Bertha von Suttner _.Aworked for Alfred Nobel for 20 yearsBhelped Alfred Nobel draw up his willCpersuaded Alfred Nobel to join the peace movementDinspired Alfred Nobel to establish the Nobel Peace Prize解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“also
8、the inspiration for the creation of the Nobel Prize”和第二段中的“his will included the establishment of a peace prize, thanks to Bertha von Suttners influence”可知，诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中指明设立诺贝尔和平奖主要是受到Bertha von Suttner的影响。答案D2Paragraph 3 is mainly about Bertha von Suttners_.Aefforts and contributions to the peace movem
9、entBfamily background and work experiencesCwriting career and life experiencesDambition and goals in life解析段落大意题。由第三段中的“wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies”和“the most influential antiwar books”以及“a leader of the peace movement in Europe”可知，本段主要讲
10、述了Bertha von Suttner为和平运动所做出的努力和贡献。答案A3What do we know about Lay Down Your Arms?AIt was based on a true story.BIt recorded Bertha von Suttners daily life.CIt was about an aristocratic military family.DIt showed Bertha von Suttners wish for peace.解析推理判断题。由第三段中的“antiwar books”和“Its end to war theme wa
11、s both the ambition(抱负) and the most important goal in the life of this great woman”可知，放下武器这部小说反映了Bertha von Suttner对世界和平的渴望。答案DBContestants from around the world met in Pomona, California, this month to test their skills at things like driving a car, walking down stairs, and opening doors. Sounds e
12、asy, right? But the competitors werent peoplethey were robots!The bots were participating in the final round of the USs DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Robotics Challenge. This event, which took place on June 56, tested robots on how well they could respond during a disaster and th
13、e winning team finally took home a $2 million grand prize.The DARPA challenge was created after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. An earthquake caused a tsunami, which damaged a nuclear power plant. Workers at the plant needed to shut off an important valve (阀门), but it was too dangerous
14、 for humans to reach it. The US scientists at DARPA wondered whether the disaster could have been avoided if a robot had been sent to do the_job. So they set up the robotics competition.Turning a valve was just one task a robot might have to perform when entering a disaster zone. In addition to doin
15、g this, robots participating in the challenge had to navigate a course containing several other tasks: driving and exiting a vehicle, opening a door, walking over or clearing objects, cutting a hole in a wall, plus climbing a flight of stairs.Teams had to complete the challenge in one hour, and poin
16、ts were awarded based on how quickly the robots completed a task. They didnt have to attempt all the tasks. To make things even more realistic, challenge organizers caused short computersystem blackouts (断电) that prevented robots and the human operators controlling them from communicating. That mean
17、s teams had to program their bots to be partially autonomous (独立的). Robots also couldnt be attached to anything that could keep them from falling down, which happened a lot.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了在加利福尼亚州举行的DARPA机器人挑战赛。4What do we know about this years DARPA challenge?AIt lasted five days.BIt was held in J
18、apan.CIts winner got a cash prize.DIts winner will work in Fukushima.解析细节理解题。由第二段的“the winning team finally took home a $2 million grand prize”可知，加利福尼亚州举行的为期两天的DARPA机器人挑战赛冠军得主获得了200万美元的现金大奖。答案C5What does the underlined part “the job” in Paragraph 3 refer to?ATo open a door.BTo close a valve.CTo pred
19、ict a tsunami.DTo rebuild a nuclear power plant.解析词义猜测题。画线部分所在句的the disaster指代上文的福岛核电站事故，科学家认为如果当时能有机器人去关闭核电站的阀门，那么那场事故就会避免，故此处的the job指关闭阀门。答案B6The robots that participated in the USs DARPA challenge were required to _.Achallenge all the tasksBhave a good sense of smellCcomplete their tasks in an h
20、ourDact in the dark in the whole process解析细节理解题。由最后一段介绍机器人参赛规则的“Teams had to complete the challenge in one hour”可知，参赛机器人需要在一个小时之内完成比赛内容。答案C7What is the text mainly about?AA nuclear disaster.BA research program.CA robotics competition.DA scientific organization.解析主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在加利福尼亚州举行的DARPA机器人挑战赛赛况及
21、其规则。答案CC(2018江苏苏州期中调研)A biologist from the National Park Service discovered a rare and unusual mammoth(猛犸) skull(颅骨) buried in a 13,000yearold rock layer on the Santa Rosa Island, the second largest landmass in the Channel Islands, California. The fossil of the extinct giant animal is leaving many p
22、aleontologists(古生物学家) scratching_their_heads. The species of the individual it belonged to cant seem to be identified yetits too big to be a pygmy(特别矮小的) mammoth and too small to have come from a Columbian mammoth. Some say its a new species while others believe the truth lies somewhere in between.J
23、udging from its size, the newly found mammoth skull doesnt seem to fit any of the two species, Columbian or pygmy. To make things even more confusing, one of its two tusks(象牙) is nearly five feet long and coiled in a manner that resembles those of fully grown mammoths but the left tusk is shorter an
24、d sloping, more like a juveniles(青少年)More interesting than the mammoths lineage, however, might be its story. The giant mammal lived 13,000 years ago or roughly the same timeline of the “Arlington Man”， a 13,000yearold human skeleton also found on Santa Rosa. Some 3,000 years later humans were alrea
25、dy spread throughout the continent and the Channel Islands mammoth went extinct. The present finding might help reveal a link between the two.The remains also seem to confirm a longheld assumption that there were two mammoth migrations to the Channel Islands. “The discovery of this mammoth skull inc
26、reases the probability that there were at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths to the islands，” said USGS geologist Dan Muhs.语篇解读：文章主要介绍一个新发现的猛犸头盖骨，这个猛犸头盖骨有许多未解之谜。8The underlined part in the first paragraph means the paleontologists feel _.Aexcited BconfusedCanxious Dfrustrated解析词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的
27、“The species of the individual it belonged to cant seem to be identified yet”可知，它属于什么物种还不能被确认，故scratching their heads意为“困惑的”。故选B。答案B9Which is among the reasons why the newly found skull is special?AIts structure.BThe place where its found.CIts age.DIts shape.解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“To make things even more c
28、onfusing, one of its two tusks(象牙) is nearly five feet long and coiled in a manner that resembles those of fully grown mammoths but the left tusk is shorter and sloping, more like a juveniles(青少年)”可知选C。答案C10What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?AThe Santa Rosa mammoth migrated to the Cha
29、nnel Islands from elsewhere.BThere may be a link between the extinction of mammoths and the spread of humans.CAt least two mammoth groups migrated to the Channel Islands during different periods.DThere remains no final conclusion as to how many mammoth groups migrated to the islands.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段
30、的第一句和“The discovery of this mammoth skull increases the probability that there were at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths to the islands”可知，对于多少猛犸群迁徙到岛上还没有最后的结论。故选D。答案D11This passage mainly tells us the newly found mammoth skull _.Ais among the best preserved, but with a mysterious storyBhas
31、 aroused a debate over what species it belongs toCis of great scientific importance to mankindDis likely to confirm a former assumption解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“discovered a rare. rock layer”和倒数第二段的“More interesting than the mammoths lineage, however, might be its story.”可知，文章主要告诉我们新发现的猛犸头盖骨保存完好并且有着神秘的故事。故选A
32、。答案AD(2018湖北省八校联考)I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony(殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide.As early as 1834, an Engl
33、ish lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls school for Chinese girls，which was soon followed by the opening of a
34、boys school.Mrs. Gutzlaffs comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my fathers friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaffs school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It ha
35、s always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion，taste, and the wants of the country than to allow me to at
36、tend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons t
37、o learn English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaffs School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life
38、, they were entirely left in the hands of God.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者“中国留学生之父”容闳7岁时，父亲将他送往英国人郭士立夫人在澳门开办的一所男子学校读书的故事。12How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaffs school?AThrough his fathers request.BThrough his fathers friends help.CThrough his own efforts to exams.DThrough Mrs. Gutzlaffs influence.解析细节理解题
39、。根据第三段中的“It was through him that my parents heard about. my father got me admitted into the school.”可知，作者是通过父亲的朋友的影响和帮助才上的郭士立夫人的学校。答案B13Why did the authors parents put him into an English school?ABecause it met with Chinese public opinion.BBecause an English school was more influential.CBecause he c
40、ould become a successful interpreter.DBecause foreign trade with China was developing fast.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的倒数第三句“In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world.”可知，作者的父母让他上英国学校可能是因为想让他做翻译，以后能在外贸和外交环境中有一定的优势。答案C14What did the
41、 author think of his parents decision to put him into an English school?AIt was skeptical.BIt was wonderful.CIt was thoughtful.DIt was mysterious.解析观点态度题。根据最后一段的第三句“It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where
42、 my big brother was placed.”可知，作者至今还不太明白家人把他送到英国学校读书的原因。答案D15What does the underlined word “sequences” in the last sentence probably mean?AResults. BOrder.CTricks. DProgress.解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God”可知，上了这个英国学校之后连续发
43、生的事情，都不是父母所能掌控的，由此可推知，此处讲的是这件事的后果。答案A.七选五阅读填空(2018陕西省高三质检)How to Choose a Topic for Your PaperNo matter what research paper you write, the first and most important step is to choose the topic. _1_ Here are some tips for you to follow.To choose a good topic, youll have to ask yourself some important
44、questions. Is there enough research available on this topic? Is the topic new and unique enough that I can offer fresh opinions? Is it related to my subject and future occupation?_2_ Writing about something you enjoy certainly shows in the final product，making it more likely that you will be success
45、ful in writing a paper about something you enjoy.If you are writing a research paper for a class, consider the other students. _3_ How can you keep your paper unique and interesting if everyone is writing about the same thing?Ask your professor or classmates for advice, if youre struggling to come u
46、p with a “right” topic. _4_ Sometimes asking professors for help may seem frightening, but if they are worth anything as a professor, they want you to be successful in your work，and will do what they can to make that happen.If you choose a topic, begin researching，and realize that it isnt the right
47、decision for you for some reason, dont worry! _5_ Although it requires a bit more time, yet changing your topic will make your writing more efficient.AHave a clear picture of organization in mind.BBe courageous and change it.CIs it likely that they will also be writing about your topic?DHowever, man
48、y students are discouraged by this first step.ETake a trip to your local library or university library.FChoose a topic that you have very strong emotion in.GThey are likely to have great ideas.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了如何选择论文主题。1解析根据上文的“the first and most important step is to choose the topic”可推知，此处应表示“可是很多学生在第一步
49、就受挫”，所以选D项。答案D2解析根据下文的“Writing about something you enjoy certainly shows in the final product, making it more likely that you will be successful in writing a paper about something you enjoy.”可知，本段主要讲要对自己的选题有兴趣，这样才有可能写好，所以选F项。答案F3解析根据上文的“consider the other students”及下文的“How can you keep your paper un
50、ique and interesting if everyone is writing about the same thing？”可知，论文选题要考虑到其他学生是否也会选同一话题，所以选C项。答案C4解析根据上文的“Ask your professor or classmates for advice, if youre struggling to come up with a right topic.”可推知，老师或同学可能会给你一些好的建议，所以选G项。答案G5解析根据上文的“it isnt the right decision”及下文的“changing your topic will make your writing more efficient”可知，发现选题不合适时要有足够的勇气去替换它，所以选B项。答案B
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