1、专题限时集训(十)词义猜测之单词、短语的含义(对应学生用书第109页)A (2017陕西省西安地区八校联考) My elder brother Steve gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult after our father died when I was six.For instance，Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior.Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseb
2、all game，Steve took time to ask me what had happened.When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs.Holts basement window，Steve encouraged me to confess to it.After all，I should have been playing in the park and not in the path between buildings.Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs.Holt
3、，I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball.I also learned from Steve that personal property(财产)is a sacred thing.After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifthgrade classroom，I wanted to keep it，but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else.I returned the pen to my t
4、eacher，Mrs.Davids，and she praised me.Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me，his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind.When I was twelve，I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun.Excited with my accuracy，I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look.I shall never
5、forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground.Then in a dead，quiet voice，he asked，“Did it hurt you first，Mark？”I didnt know what to answer.He continued with his eyes firm，“The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is whether it hurts you first.And
6、 then you think a long，long time.”I really felt terrible then，but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了“我”的哥哥陪伴“我”成长的经历：他鼓励“我”勇于承担打碎窗户的责任；向老师送回捡到的钢笔；他还教育“我”尊重生命。1What does the underlined word“confess”in Paragraph 2 mean?ACover.BAdmit.CDeny.DAgree
7、.B考查词义猜测。根据“When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs.Holts basement window，Steve encouraged me to.”和下文内容可知，“我”玩棒球时打碎了Holt夫人家的窗户，哥哥鼓励“我”向Holt夫人承认错误。据此可以判断，画线词意为“承认”，故B项正确。干扰项分析A项意为“遮盖”，C项意为“否认”，D项意为“同意”，都与文意不符。2How did the author feel when he faced Mrs.Holt?AHe was unwilling.BHe felt frighten
8、ed.CHe appeared challenging.DHe was lighthearted.B考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs.Holt，I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball.”可知，“我”在向Holt夫人解释情况时双腿打颤。据此可知“我”很害怕，故B项正确。3Which was the most important lesson the author learned from his brother?ACare fo
9、r the property of others.BThe value of honesty.CResponsibility for ones actions.DRespect for living things.D考查细节理解。根据最后一段的第一句“Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me，his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind.”可知，在所有的教育中，最令“我”难忘的是哥哥对生命的尊重，故D项正确。4What technique does the author mainly use to
10、organize the text?ATime order.BCause and effect.CExamples.DLogical reasoning.C考查写作方法。通读第二段可知，文章列举了哥哥鼓励“我”勇于承担打碎窗户的责任、向老师送回捡到的钢笔这两件事，说明哥哥教育“我”要对自己的行为负责；通读第三段可知，哥哥教育“我”要尊重生命。据此可以判断，本文通过举例法组织全文，故C项正确。B(2017广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试)Bill Gates recently predicted that online learning will make placebased colleges l
11、ess significant，and five years from now，students will be able to find the best lectures in the world online.I applaud Mr.Gates.But whats taking us so long?As early as 1997，MIT(麻省理工学院)decided to post videos of all university lectures online，for free，for all people.But today，how many students have you
12、 met who mastered advanced mathematics or nuclear physics from MIT online videos？Unfortunately，the answer is not many.The problem is the poor quality of online education websites and the experience they provide to students.Those who go to the MIT website and watch courses online are surely very smar
13、t people，but its not like playing a video game such as World of Warcraft.Only the most ardent students，those who are highly motivated，will devote themselves to studying these boring online videos.The real question is why we arent spending more to develop better online education platforms. Where is t
14、he“Avatar”of education？Think about this.The market for Hollywood films per year is worth around USD 30 billion.Education in the world is a trilliondollarayear market，hundreds of times bigger than Hollywood movies.Yet the most expensive digital learning system ever built cost well under 100 million d
15、ollars.Bill Gates prediction is going to happen.There is no doubt about it.But it will only happen when we create highlevel educational content and experiences that engage and excite more than has ever been possible in the real world.【语篇解读】尽管比尔盖茨曾预测，在五年后在线学习将挑战传统的大学教育，但是从1997年麻省理工学院推行免费在线讲座却效果不佳的经验可
16、知，比尔盖茨的预测只有在创造出高质量的在线教育资源的情况下才会应验。5What has Bill Gates forecast about online learning?AIt will concentrate on physics lectures.BIt will completely replace real universities.CIt will help to make universities more successful.DIt will play an increasingly important role in education.D考查细节理解。根据第一段的第一句“
17、Bill Gates recently predicted that online learning will make placebased colleges less significant，and five years from now，students will be able to find the best lectures in the world online.”可知，在线学习将挑战传统的大学教育，在教育领域发挥越来越重要的作用，故D项正确。6What does the underlined word“ardent”in Paragraph 3 mean?ACreative.B
18、Enthusiastic.CWellbehaved.DExperienced.B考查词义猜测。分析第三段的最后一句“Only the most ardent students，those who are highly motivated，will devote themselves to studying these boring online videos.”可知，“those who are highly motivated”就是指“the most ardent students”，据此可知，ardent意为“热情的；积极性高的”，故B项正确。干扰项分析A项意为“有创造力的”；C项意为“
19、行为端正的”；D项意为“有经验的”。7According to the author，what is holding back the popularity of online learning?AThe lack of lectures available online.BThe high cost of access to the websites.CThe low standard of educational websites.DThe competition with online computer games.C考查细节理解。根据第三段的第一句“The problem is the
20、 poor quality of online education websites and the experience they provide to students.”可知，在线学习存在的问题是教育网站标准低、质量差，故C项正确。8Why does the author mention Hollywood?ATo show that Hollywood produces many successful movies.BTo prove that education is more profitable than entertainment.CTo argue that movie di
21、rectors should produce educational content.DTo urge that more money be spent developing education websites.D考查推理判断。根据第四段的第一句“The real question is why we arent spending more to develop better online education platforms.”可知，作者提出质疑：真正的问题是我们为什么不在在线教育平台上投入更多的资金；结合下文介绍的好莱坞电影市场总额和在线教育市场总额的对比可以判断，作者提及好莱坞旨在鼓
22、励投入更多的资金发展在线教育，故D项正确。C(2017合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit；most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down.While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other，it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.A s
23、tudy published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance，making
24、it even harder for the blood to circulate.This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart.You wont feel any immediate effects，but repeated，drawnout increases in blood pressure can cause longterm health issues.So，plan to sit for a long period of time？Dont kee
25、p your legs crossed.Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，explains Richard Graves，a medical expert.This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹)of some of the muscles in
26、your foot and leg，preventing you from being able to raise your anklewhat we know as that“pins and needles”sensation.While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two，repeatedly crossing your legs until you feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.So next time you sit down，try to get yo
27、urself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.Not only will it help your posture and stability，but it will also save your health in the long run.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。9What can we learn about crossing ones legs?AIt is a
28、very bad social habit.BIt is usually practiced deliberately.CIt can do harm to peoples health.DIt can make others feel uncomfortable.C考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other，it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿会
29、引起健康问题，故C项正确。10According to the study，sitting with your legs crossed can Aaffect your blood pressureBresist gravity effectivelyClead to heart attacks easilyDimprove the function of legsA考查细节理解。根据第二段的第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can inc
30、rease your blood pressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压升高，故A项正确。11In the third paragraph “pins and needles”probably means “ ”Aslightly sharp painsBbeing a little nervousCserious muscle injuriesDbeing highly flexibleA考查词义猜测。根据第三段的“This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹)of some of the muscle
31、s in your foot and leg，preventing you from being able to raise your ankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚部的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。12What is the main purpose of the text?ATo compare common habits.BTo give readers some advice.CTo evaluate effects of an experiment.DTo introduce research methods.B考查写作意图。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。