1、Unit 1 Cultural relics 教案之语言点详解词汇详解：一词语辨析1. select / choose / elect / pick【解释】这些动词均含有“选择”之意。select 强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重以客观为标准进行选择。choose 普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重被选者的优点。elect 指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。pick 口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多之中进行挑选”，有时含有“任意选择”的意思。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Please _ a good book
2、for me.2). She _ a diamond ring from the collection.3). We _ our monitor by a show of hands.4). She _ the red sweater rather than the pink one.Keys: 1). pick 2). selected 3). elected 4). chose 2. country /nation /state / land 【解释】country主要是指主权的、统一的国家，往往侧重于疆土，是中性词，有时是指全国的人民，country还可指与城市相对的农村；nation也
3、可以指国家，比state更为庄重，所以联合国用的是the United Nations，但有时侧重于指“人民，国民”，同时，nation也可以指“民族”；state是政权意义上的“国家，政府”，state还可以指“州”；land是指国土意义上的国家，是一种文学用语，多见于诗歌中。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). After many years abroad，she wanted to return to her _. 2). The President spoke on TV to the _. 3). The Jewish _ is scattered around th
4、e world. 4). The US is divided into 50 _. 5). We returned to the _ where she was born. Keys: 1). country2). nation 3). nation 4). states 5). land3. missing / lost / gone 【解释】missing: “丢失的， 缺少的”， 强调不在场lost: 过去分词， “失去的， 丧失的”gone: 过去分词， “过去的，不在的，丢了”，常作表语和补语【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Five people were _.2)
5、. The boat and all the men were _ in the storm.3). My pain in the leg is _ now.Keys: 1). missing 2). lost3). gone4. former / previous【解释】former 是latter的反义词，对比意味强。previous 指时间上、顺序上较早 ，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。5. find / find out / discover【解释】find out 经过努力有意去 “找”， “打听”， “弄清楚” 。find “找到，发现”， 强调结果。discover 发现本来就存在
6、但未被人所知的事物， 地方， 思想等。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Ive _ the book I was looking for.2). Please _ what time they are coming.3). Columbus _ the New World in 1492.Keys:1). found 2). find out 3). discovered二 词性变化 1.value n. 价值valuable adj. 贵重的； 很有价值的valueless adj. 无价值的； 没有用处的2. survive v. 继续生存或存在survival n. 存活
7、； 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者3. decorate v. 装饰decoration n. 装饰； 装潢decorative adj. 装饰的； 作装饰用的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) The jawbone was our most _ discovery. (value)2) They have ordered software to the _ of 700. (value)3)He thinks our advice is _， so he wont take it. (value)4)Many strange customs have _ from earli
8、er times. (survive)5)This ceremony is a _ from pre-Christian times. (survive) 6)She is the only _ in the accident. (survive)7) When will they finish the _ of the bathroom？ (decorate)8) The building was _ with flags. (decorate)9). The coloured lights are very _. (decorate)Keys: 1) valuable 2) value 3
9、) valueless4) survived 5) survival 6) survivor 7) decoration8) decorated 9). decorative 重点词汇1. fancy adj. 不寻常的； 精致的； v. 想； 以为； 想像典例 1). Thats a very fancy pair of shoes！ 那是一双非常别致的鞋！2). I fancy (that) its going to rain today. 我看今天要下雨重点用法fancy that以为是fancy (sbs) doing想像(某人)做某事fancy oneself自负；自命不凡fancy
10、 sb. to be / as 想象/认为某人会成为练习 中译英1). 她竟如此放肆！_2). 他以为她喜欢他。_Keys: 1). Fancy her being so rude！2). He fancies she likes him.2. consider vt. 考虑；认为典例1). We are considering going to Canada， ie we may go there. 我们正考虑到加拿大去。2). We consider this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要。重点用法consider doing sth./sth.考虑做
11、某事consider sb./sth. as / to beconsider it +形容词+ to do sth.认为做某事是considering考虑到练习 中译英1). 你是否考虑过如何到达那里？_2). 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人。_Keys: 1). Have you considered how to get there？ 2). He will be considered a weak leader.3. wonder n.惊奇，奇迹；不知道(想知道)典例1). They were filled with wonder at the sight. 他们见此情景惊叹不已。 2)
12、. I wonder who he is. 我不知道他究竟是谁。重点用法wonder +从句“自忖，自问，不知道(想知道)”wonder +if从句“请问您是否”(用于礼貌地提出请求)wonder at对感到惊奇练习 中译英1).我也不知道他们能不能准时到。_2).难怪你来晚了！_Keys: 1). I wonder whether they will arrive on time.2). No wonder you were late！4. doubt n.怀疑；不确定； 不信任；v.对无把握，怀疑典例1). He is without doubt the cleverest student
13、 Ive ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。2). I doubt whether hell come. 我不敢肯定他来不来。重点用法There is no doubt about sth./ that .毫无疑问without doubt确定地；无疑地I dont doubt that 我肯定(=Im sure/certain that)I doubt if/whether 我不确定(=Im not sure/certain if/whether)练习 中译英1). 不知道那是不是他想要的。_2). 那件事情没有什么可疑之处。_Keys: 1). I doubt i
14、f that was what he wanted. 2). Theres not much doubt about it.5. worth adj.值得(做某事)； 有(做某事)的价值； n.价值； 用处典例 1). The new car cost a lot of money， but its certainly worth it. 买这辆新汽车花了很多钱， 但确实物有所值。2). The thieves stole 1 million worth of jewellery. 窃贼偷走了价值100万英镑的珠宝。重点用法be worth doing sth值得(做某事)； 有(做某事)的价
15、值worth of sth用于表示数量 持续时间等的名词之后，值某金额的量练习 中译英1). 这本书值得一读。_2). 他有十英镑的汽油。_Keys: 1). The book is worth reading/Its worth reading the book. 2). He has ten pounds worth of petrol.四 重点词组 1. in return 回报，作为报酬典例 What can we do for them in return for all the help they have given us？ 我们将怎样来报答他们所给予我们的种种帮助呢？短语归纳i
16、n turn 轮流地，依次； 反过来by turns 轮流地，时而时而练习 中译英1). 我请他喝酒以酬谢他的帮助。_2). 向您献花聊表谢忱。_Keys: 1). I bought him a drink in return for his help. 2). These flowers are a small return for your kindness. 2. rather than不是别的，而是典例1). I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮， 不想喝咖啡. 2). Its management thats
17、at fault rather than the work-force. 错在资方而不在劳方. 短语归纳would rather do sththan do sth宁愿做；而不愿做=prefer doingto doing)other than = except for除了； 而非练习 中译英1). 他是跑来的而不是走来的。_2). 她除了他以外没有好朋友。_Keys: 1). He ran rather than walked.2). She has no close friends other than him.3.think highly of = have a good opinion
18、 of看重；高度评价典例They think highly of your work abilities. 他们对你的工作能力评价很高。短语归纳What do you think of sb./ sth.？你认为某人/物怎么样？think much/well of对评价良好think nothing of对无所谓；不把当回事think badly/poorly of对评价不高think of sb./ sth. as把某人/物当作练习 中译英1). 她觉得一天走三十英里无所谓。_2).他的作品深受评论家推崇。_Keys: 1). She thinks nothing of walking th
19、irty miles a day. 2). His work is highly thought of by the critics.五 重点句子 1. Frederick William I，the King Of Prussia，could never have imagined that his Greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history普鲁士国王胖特烈威廉一世怎么也不会想到他送给俄罗斯人的厚礼会有这样一段令人吃惊的历史。解释 此句中含有“could + have done”结构，用来表示对
20、过去发生的事情的推测、批评、反悔等。它用在不同的句式中，表达的含义不同。1)用于疑问句中，表示对行为可能性的推测。如：Could he have been told the news？他被告知这个消息了吗？2)用于陈述句和肯定句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“本来能够去做却没有做”。否定句表示对过去事实的推测。如：- I stayed at a hotel while in New York在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。- Oh，did you？ You could have stayed with Barbara是吗？你本来能够和巴巴拉在一起的。练习 中译英1). 别担心-他们很可能只是忘了打
21、电话。_2). 你本来至少可以寄张明信片来吧。_Keys:1). Dont worry- they could have just forgotten to phone.2). You could at least have sent a card.2. Later，Catherinehad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peters-burg where she spent her summers后来，捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。解释1)此句是一个含有关系副词引导的定语从句的主从复合句。主句中的谓语had
22、the Amber Room moved是have sthdone结构，该结构中done是过去分词作补语，意为“使某事被做”“让别人做某事”，而不是主语自己做。例如：1) I had my hair cut yesterday昨天我理发了。2)where she spent her summers为定语从句，修饰先行词St Petersburg，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。又如：This is the place where 1 was born这是我的出生地。练习 中译英1). 我要去医院检查眼睛。_2). 我不知道他们碰头的确切地点。_Keys:1). Ill go to the
23、 hospital to have my eyes examined (by the doctor).2). I dont know the exact place where they will meet六课文佳句背诵与仿写 1. 【原句】Frederick William l， the King of Prussia， could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一
24、段令人惊讶的历史。模仿要点 句子结构: 主语，加插入，谓语 宾语从句【模仿1】我们的老师John没想到他所给的例子会跟入学考试有关。_答案：John， our teacher， could never have thought that the example that he gave to his students would have relation with the entrance exam. 【模仿2】我的母亲，我生命中最重要的人，一直坚信我终有一天会取得成功的。_答案：My mother， the most important person in my life， always
25、believes that I will succeed one day. 2.【原句】 This gift was the Amber Room， which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。 模仿要点 句子结构:名词 + 非限制定语从句 + 原因状语从句【模仿1】礼物是一辆小汽车，我拒绝接受是因为它太昂贵了，而且，我没有必要开车去学校。_答案：The gift is a car， which I refus
26、ed to accept because it is too expensive to me， in addition， I dont need to drive a car to school.【模仿2】2008奥运会开幕式是极大的成功，它使世界感到震惊，因为它巧妙地把中国的历史成就和未来之梦结合在一起呈现给世界。_答案：The opening ceremony of 2008 Olympics is a great success， which shocks the world because it has wonderfully combined Chinese historic ach
27、ievements with dreams of future and showed them to the world. 3【原句】There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg， which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。模仿要点 句子结构: There is no doubt that + which + at that time+ 定语从句【模仿
28、1】毫无疑问我在家乡度过的童年时期，自行车对我作用非常大，当其时我的家乡是长江边的一个小城市。_答案：There is no doubt that bikes were very useful in my childhood in my hometown ， which was at that time a small city on the bank of the Yangzi River.【模仿2】毫无疑问这幅唐代的画价值连城，它为当时的一位名家所画。 _答案：There is no doubt that the Tang Dynasty picture is priceless， which was at that time painted by a famous painter.