1、B4U21struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力4expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n扩大；增加5circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传circulation n循环流通8equip vt. & vi.配备；装备equipment n设备(不可数)9export vt. & vi.输出；出口import vt. & vi.输入；入口；进口12confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难confusing adj.令人迷惑的confused adj.感到迷惑的confusion n迷惑13regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n遗憾；懊悔regret
2、ful adj.后悔的16reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化reduction n缩小；减少1struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎n斗争；挣扎struggle with/against 与搏斗/斗争struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取struggle through 奋力通过struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事with a struggle 费劲地 即学即练1(1)They had to _ _ their lives _ weather and wild animals
3、.为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。(2)They had to _ _ all kinds of difficulties.他们得和各样的困难作斗争。(3)She _ _ _ _ _ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。Struggle for against/struggle with / against/struggled to get away from (4)_ _ _ _， the old woman gained control of her business.经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。 After a long struggle2expa
4、nd vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的expand into/to 使扩大，变大expand on/upon 阐述，详谈 即学即练2(1)Metals _ when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀。(2)Weve _ _ _ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _.我把问题重复了一遍，等着她进行充分阐述。Expand/expan
5、ded the business/expand3. therefore adv.(as a result of that)因此；所以 即学即练3He was very tired and _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired. _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired, _ he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。Therefore/Therefore/so提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。4equip vt.&vi
6、. 配备；装备equipment n. U装备；设备equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth. 装备有某物a piece of equipment 一件设备 即学即练4(1)Our classroom _ _ _ a TV set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。(2)A g
7、ood education should _ _ _ _.良好的教育能使你受用终生。(3)Our school has been given _ _ _.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。is equipped with/equip you for life/some new equipment5regret v&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝to ones regret 令人遗憾的是feel regretful for.对感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth. 对表示遗憾regretn.
8、/pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regretthatclause 后悔，遗憾regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知Its much to be regretted that. 令人遗憾的是 即学即练5(1)He regretted _ _ careless.He regretted _ _ _ _ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。(2)I regret _ _ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。(3)_ _ _ _， I
9、 must leave now.令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard _ _ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。Having been/that he had been/to inform/Much to my regret/withregret7reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化reduce ones expenditure 减少某人的开支be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to. 降至reduce by. 减少了 即学即练7(1)He per
10、suaded them to _ the price _ $1 000.他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。(2)Production costs have _ _ _ one third.生产成本下降了1/3。(3)The fire _ the forest _ a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。Reduce to/been reduced by/reduced to8comment vt.评论 n评论，意见，议论ask for comment 征求意见make comments on sth.评论某事No comment. 无可奉告。Without comment.
11、不必多说。comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对发表意见comment(v.)thatclause评论 即学即练8(1)Have you any _ _ the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？(2)It created _ _ in the press.这引起报界广泛的评论。(3)He made some useful _ _ my work.他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (4)He _ that it was an excellent film.他评论这部电影很精彩。Comments on/wide comment/comments/on comment
12、ed10rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使摆脱be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of. 摆脱 即学即练10(1)One day we will manage to _ _ _ _ this terrible disease.总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。(2)You must _ _ _ these oldfashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。(3)Well have to _ _ _ him.我们必须摆脱他
13、。(4)How can we _ _ _ all the flies in the kitchen?我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？Rid the world of/rid yourself of/get rid of/get rid of12lead to 通向，导致，致使leadn.to sth. 引导到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 即学即练12(1)The bank has offered a reward for any information _ the arrest of the men.银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。(2)What _ act
14、ing as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？leading to/led you to take up提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。(2)lead to 不用被动语态。(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (result from) 是前果后因。13keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)使不含(有害物)free from
15、没有，免于，无之忧free of 无的；免于的，离开了的free sb./sth. from. 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放for freefree of charge 免费地，无偿地be free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 对某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 释放某人 即学即练13(1)_ the table _ dirt by putting a cover over it.用个东西把桌子罩住，免得灰尘落在上面。(2)The lake _ pollution.这湖没有污染。(3)The secretary _
16、 all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。(4)Try to _ all prejudices.尽量消除一切偏见。Keep free from/is free of/was free from/free yourself from1.expand/extend/spread/stretch(1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。(2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。(3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。 (
17、4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。 应用1(1)The cat _ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。(2)The hot weather _ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。(3)As children grow older they _ their interests and become more confident.随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。Stretched/extended/expand (4)The fire soon _ to the nearby bu
18、ildings.火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。spreadB4U33perform v执行；表演performer n表演者；演出者performance n执行；演出4astonish vt.使惊诧astonished adj.感到惊讶的astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的astonishment n惊讶7entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐；款待entertaining adj.愉快的，有趣的entertainment n娱乐9overcome vt. & vi.战胜；克服10convince vt.使信服convinced adj.坚信不移的convincing adj.
19、令人信服的11direct vt. & vi. &adj.导演；指示；指挥；直的；直接的；直率的direction n指导director n导演directly adv. & conj.直接地，径直地；一就16slide vt. & vi.(使)滑动；(使)滑行 n滑；滑动；幻灯片18react vi.作出反应；回应reaction n反应；回应2astonish vt. 使吃惊；使惊讶astonishing adj. 令人十分惊异的astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的astonishment n. 惊讶to ones astonishment 使某人万分惊讶的是in astoni
20、shment 惊讶地be astonished at/by sth. 因某事而吃惊be astonished to do sth. 因干某事而吃惊 即学即练2(1)We _ the news of her sudden death.她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。(2)It _ us to hear that you did not receive our letter. 听说你还没收到我们的信，这使我们十分惊讶。(3)It was an _ story.这故事令人惊讶不已。were astonished at/astonished/astonishing3entertain vt.&vi. 使快
21、乐，款待entertaining adj. 引人发笑的，有趣的，娱乐的entertainment n. 招待，款待，娱乐entertain sb. with sth. 用使某人快乐entertain sb. to sth. 用招待/款待某人give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人 即学即练3(1)He often _ the children _ funny expressions. 他经常用滑稽的表情逗孩子们玩儿。(2)I usually _ my friends _ dinner on Sundays.我常在星期天请朋友们吃饭。(3)Its not a very
22、serious film, but a good _.这不是一部严肃的电影，而是一部很好的娱乐片。Entertains with/entertain to/entertainment4overcome v. 战胜；克服；征服be overcome by sth.使某人垮掉，使某人昏迷be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持 即学即练4(1)In the final game Sweden easily _ France.在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。(2)Her parents _ grief at
23、the funeral.在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。(3)The dead woman had _ smoke.这个女人是被烟呛死的。Overcame/were overcome with/been overcome by5convince vt.使确信，使信服，使认识convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的convinced adj.确信的；深信的；坚信的convince sb. of sth. 说服某人相信某事convince sb. that. 使某人信服(相信)be convinced of. 确信be/feel firmly convinced that. 确信；笃信；坚信
24、 即学即练5(1)We finally _ them _ our adventure.We finally _ them _ our adventure.我们最终令他们信服了我们的冒险经历。(2)Her smile _ him _ she was happy.她的微笑使他确信她快乐。(3)They _ the result of the experiment finally.他们最终相信了实验结果。(4)I _ his guilt._he is guilty.我确信他有罪。Convinced of/convinced to believe/convinced that/were convinc
25、ed of/am convinced ofthat (5)There is now _ evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.现有令人信服的证据说吸烟能导致肺癌。convincing6direct vt.&vi. 导演；指挥；指示adj. 径直的；直接的；直率的adv. 直接地direct sth. to/towards sth./sb.direct sth. at/against sth./sb.把对准(某方向或某人)direct sb. to sp. 给某人指路，为某人领路direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事that
26、从句(用虚拟语气)the direct road/train 直通道路/直达列车be in direct contact with sb. 与某人有直接的联系go direct to sp. 直接去某地 即学即练6(1)She prefers to _ rather than _.她宁愿当演员，不愿当导演。(2)The police officers had _ search the building. 警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。(3)The judge _ that the mother be given custody of the child. 法官判决这孩子由母亲照管。Act direct
27、/been directed to/directed8whisper v&n.低语，耳语，私语；私下说，低声地说in a whisper (in whispers) 低声地whisper about sth. 密谈某事It is whispered that. 有人私下说whisper to sb. 对某人窃窃私语即学即练8(1)They debated it _.他们低声辩论。(2)The two girls were _ in the library.这两个女孩在图书馆里低声说话。(3)After a few minutes, he _ the answer _ the creatures
28、 ear.过了几分钟，他小声在这个动物的耳旁说出答案。(4)_ that he was heavily in debt.据说他负债累累。in whispers/whispering/whispered in/It was whispered提示：whisper 后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词 to, 即whisper sth. to sb. whisper to sb. sth.。类似结构还有：announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍suggest sth
29、. to sb. 向某人提议report sth. to sb. 向某人报告9react vi.&vt. 反应，反抗；起化学反应，起作用react to sth. 对作出反应react on (upon)对起作用，对有影响，对起反应react against 反抗，反对 即学即练9(1)How did he _ the news?他对这消息有何反应？(2)Will the people ever _ this dictator?有朝一日人民会起来反抗这位独裁者吗？(3)Applause _ a speaker.鼓掌对讲演者有影响。react to/react against/reacts on
30、/upon11pick out 选出；选拔；分辨出；领会pick on 选择(某人或某物)作受罚(挨骂、干不愉快的工作)的对象pick up 拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；得到；学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转pick off 摘下，摘掉；逐个地(或有选择地)瞄准射中 即学即练11(1)Let me _ some good ones for you.让我来替你挑几个好的。(2)Its easy to _ in a crowd because he is very tall.很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。(3)The bus _ passengers outside the airport
31、.公共汽车在机场外接乘客。pick out/pick him out/picks up12cut off 切掉，割掉，分离，隔离(常跟 from)，中断cut across 抄近路穿过；对直穿过cut away 切掉，剪掉；逃走，跑开cut down 砍倒；(疾病等)夺去生命；削减，缩短；毁灭，破坏cut in 插嘴；突然插入cut into halves/pieces 切成两半/切碎cut out 切掉；删掉cut up 切碎，切掉；使丧气，使痛心 即学即练12(1)I had my hair _ and sold it.我把头发剪掉卖了。(2)Just when she had reached the most important point we _.她刚刚讲到最要紧的地方，我们的电话就被切断了。(3)We were completely _ the outside world.我们和外界完全隔绝了。cut off/were cut off/cut off from