1、第3讲形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。一、基础保分类考点这些语法较简单，以练促学把分捡第16讲形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。语法填空主要考查原级变为比较级或最高级；短文改错主要考查原级、比较级和最高级之间的误用。两者进行比较时，用比较级，此时的标志词为than，但需特别注意没有than时的比较级；三者
2、或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级，此时往往用in或者of表示比较范围，但需注意省略比较范围的最高级。如何确定填形容词、副词的比较级还是最高级 判定方法应用体验当括号中所给提示词是形容词或副词，而空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。(2017浙江高考)Sixteen years (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back a
3、nd identify(识别)those of (great)and less importance.(2017绵阳市模拟)The London Underground is the (old)underground railway network in the world.earliergreateroldest形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常考点 自主练悟(2017桂林市联考)To them,life is a competition they have to do _(good)than their peers to be happy.(2017菏泽市模拟)People who forgi
4、ve show _(little)anger and more hopefulness.(2017成都市模拟)If I meet with school violence,I will not answer violence with violence,for it will result in _(much)fighting.(2017上饶市模拟)My life is a lot _(easy)at high school because my fellow students have accepted me.(2017揭阳市模拟)Certain stores offer discounts
5、 of up to 70%or even _(high)if people use their credit cards.betterlessmoreeasierhigher自主练悟(2017淮北市模拟)The more you think about it,the _(hard)you will fall asleep.(2017安徽师大附中阶段性测试)Just being greeted at the door was a joy.They couldnt be _(happy)when seeing me.(2017成都市检测)It is the _(old)and only survi
6、ving nodam irrigation system in the world.(2017绵阳市模拟)Antarctica,the coldest place on Earth,is the fifth _(large)continent in the world.(2017银川九中模拟)Of all the cities in the world,one of the top six _(healthy)cities is Copenhagen,Denmark.harderhappieroldestlargesthealthiest10谨记规律1.比较级常考查的五种情况(1)根据比较等级
7、的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级。(3)当空格前有表示程度的词如a bit,a little,much,far,a great/good deal,a lot等或有still,even等词时，需填比较级。(4)表示“越就越”用“the比较级.,the比较级.”结构。(5)否定词比较级最高级2.最高级的考查(1)表达在某个范围内“最”，使用“the形容词/副词的最高级比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in,of,among等。(2)当空格前有the second/third.,one of.等词时，需填最高级。自主练悟
8、 谨记规律(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._(2016全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life._(2016四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritest._(2017牡丹江市模拟)Whats bad,the drivers information might be unreliable._(2017成都市模拟)Anyway,Ill get used to living
9、 here and hope everything will be more better soon._(2017九江市模拟)Located in North America,Canada is the second large country with the largest number of lakes in the world._ 1.原级、比较级和最高级之间的错用。2.有些词本身就含有最高级含义，不能再用最高级，如favorite,wonderful,exhausted等。3.比较级的重复：若形容词和副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用more。4.固定结构中比较级的错用，如whats
10、more,whats worse等。earlierearlyworseworstfavoritestfavoritebadworse去掉more或moremuchlargelargest形容词和副词之间的转化是高考的一大重点，在每年高考中都占有相当大的比重。语法填空和短文改错的此类考点均是根据形容词或副词的功能做出相互转化。因此考生应注意总结变化规律，尤其是其中的特殊变化形式。如何确定填形容词还是副词 判定方法应用体验1.当所给词为形容词时，除了比较等级外，主要考查转化为副词。反之亦然。2.作定语修饰名词时应用形容词；作状语修饰动词时常用副词。(2017全国卷)It is (certain)f
11、un but the lifestyle is a little unreal.(2017浙江高考)But something made her look closer,and she noticed a(shine)object.(2016全国卷)The title will be(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.(2017潍坊实验中学模拟)You will have a (wonderfully)time and get used to the life soon.certainlyofficiallywonderfulshiny/
12、shining形容词变副词的规则 自主练悟 谨记规律(2017六盘山市模拟)Its _(common)known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners.(2017邢台市模拟)He won the race by perseverance and by pushing on _(steady)(2017吉林市普通中学调研测试)A good memory is of great help,but it is not enough _(simple)to memorize
13、rules from a grammar book.(2017成都市模拟)Second,they hope to be _(economic)independent and buy whatever they need.1.一般情况加lycommoncommonly immediateimmediately2.以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加lysteadysteadily busybusily3.以le结尾，去掉e加ysimplesimply gentlegently4.以ic结尾，加allyeconomiceconomicallyscientificscientifically co
14、mmonlysteadilysimplyeconomically自主练悟(2016全国卷)At one time,I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them._(2015全国卷)Much rare animals are dying out._(2015全国卷)He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop._(2013四川高考)I found the test difficult,but I t
15、ried hardly to do it._(2017淮北市模拟)By sharing,we can often great reduce our sadness and double our happiness._(2017潍坊实验中学检测)Obviously,the accident was caused by a careless neighbor living highly in an apartment._ freelyfreeMuchMany去掉veryhardlyhardgreatgreatlyhighlyhigh谨记规律1.形容词之间、副词之间的错用(1)意近引起的错用：例如m
16、any和much都表示“很多”，但many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。(2)形近引起的错用：例如hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。(3)意思重复：例如so和very表达同一含义，故不能同时使用。(4)像deep,high,slow等本身也是副词，加上-ly后还是副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。2.形容词与副词之间的错用一般来说，作定语和表语时用形容词；作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子时用副词。随堂巩固训练.单句语法填空1(2017盘锦市模拟)This time,I was satisfied with my grade,for I was
17、(well)than many of my classmates.2(2017衡阳市模拟)The festival is one of the four(large)ice and snow festivals in the world!3(2017漳州市联考)But (many)seabirds are eating plastic waste in the ocean than ever before.4(2017济宁市模拟)It was the (late)evidence of Chinas efforts to redevelop the“Silk Road”trade routes
18、 that once stretched from Asia to Europe.betterlargestmorelatest5(2017哈尔滨市模拟)Keeping a diary in English is one of the (effective)ways to improve our English writing ability.6(2017潍坊市模拟)Ill do all I can to make their life easier and (comfort)when I grow up.7Compared with other forms of writing,it is
19、shorter and takes (little)time.8(2017吉林大学附中模拟)This is much (cheap)than the cost of building other such great bridges in different parts of the world.most effectivemore comfortablelesscheaper9(2017江西省重点中学协作体联考)The robot is equipped with speakers,microphones and cameras,which makes communicating (easy
20、)10(2017青岛市模拟)This is the method I have learnt the (hard)you work independently,the better solutions you will find.11(2017福建师大附中模拟)Chinas most famous wall may have been built to keep people away,but a new kind of wall is bringing people a lot (close)together.easierhardercloser12(2017合肥市质检)The handma
21、de cloth shoes are more durable(耐用的)and comfortable,(soft),and absorb sweat better.13We spent a wonderful night together,eating and talking (happy)14(2017南昌市三校联考)To help reduce traffic accidents and save peoples lives,he (immediate)began to work on the invention.softerhappilyimmediately15(2017曲阜师范大学
22、附中模拟)At that time,most Chinese people made their living on farms,so weather changes were (extreme)important for them.16(2017成都市模拟)Sitting by the river,riding a bike,or singing the old songs,I (true)enjoyed what I was doing.17(2017青岛市模拟)If you can make full use of the books,you will (probable)become
23、a good lawyer in the future.extremelytrulyprobably18(2017太原五中检测)If you go,you will find yourself experiencing (total)different scenery in four seasons.19(2017肇庆市模拟)I (sudden)realized that I shouldnt get discouraged after experiencing failure.20(2017佛山市模拟)By his own talents and efforts,he has secured
24、 for his family a good social position and a (relative)rich life.totallysuddenlyrelatively.单句改错1(2017石嘴山市模拟)The big challenge of all in my life happened when I entered senior high school.2(2017湖北省四地七校联考)With our joint efforts,our society will surely become good.3(2017太原市模拟)And we will study even mor
25、e harder and try out best to do all.4(2017宜春市模拟)After a few months,we all felt we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before.bigbiggestgoodbetter去掉more或moremuchstrongstronger5“The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.”I cant agree with this
26、view.6(2017长沙市联考)Besides,lucky money is the more attractive part for children,which forms the good memory of our childhood.7(2017泰安市质检)What will you do for your dream and who is your most favorite football player?8Whats more,we should improve our methods of study and make well preparations for exams
27、.agree后加moremoremost去掉mostwellgood9Jiuzhaigou is well known for its beautiful lakes,of which water is clear and looks colorfully.10(2017吉林市普通中学调研测试)Job-hopping(跳槽),or frequent change of jobs,is becoming increasing common in China today.11(2017汕头市模拟)They make use of the chance to take photos,so a goo
28、d camera is absolute essential.12(2017淄博市模拟)My aunt felt sadly and wanted him to stop doing that experiment.colorfullycolorfulincreasingincreasinglyabsoluteabsolutelysadlysad13(2017太原五中检测)Together with five schoolmates with excellently English,I tried to cover what was going on in our school.14(2017
29、豫南九校模拟)And you will possible find proper solutions with the help of our schoolmates.15This morning on my way to school I was deep moved by what I saw outside a bank.16(2017深圳市模拟)Truly friendship will always live on no matter how far apart we are.excellentlyexcellentpossiblepossiblydeepdeeplyTrulyTru
30、e17(2017成都市模拟)I went up and found the two drivers bad injured,bleeding and trapped in the taxis.18(2017荆州中学质检)Today scientists in this field are working hardly so as to make weather forecasting more exact.19(2017本溪市模拟)There is only a few rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.20(2017怀化市联考)As is known to us,students do fewer and fewer sports now,which makes them weak and easy tired.badbadlyhardlyhardfewlittleeasyeasily