1、专题二 阅读七选五位置关系2019201820173年统计全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷段首题主旨句37题40题37题17题/39题40题36题40题37题37题10个承上启下句/38题/38题39题/3个段尾题结论、概括句/19题40题37题39题/39题5个承上启下句/36题/1个段中题并列或递进关系39题38题39题16题36题39题36题40题/36题40题36题38题40题13个转折或让步关系/37题/38题/3个因果关系38题40题18题/37题/38题/4个解释或例证关系36题36题20题/38题/37题39题/6个阅读七选五题型要求从短文后的七个选项中选
2、出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，与完形填空具有异曲同工之处，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。阅读七选五题型特点：1一般为 180260 词左右的说明文或议论文；语篇模式较为固定，一般为 Problem(提出问题)Solution(提供解决方案)。文章的题材较为固定，一般与日常的学习、生活密切相关，以学生的成长与教育为主。2文章的首句与尾句很少设空(有小标题的题除外)。能够填入设空处的最佳选项多为段落主题句、段落总结句、承上启下句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等。所
3、给的七个选项中有两个选项干扰性较强，而且所给的选项中，有的选项区分度不大，容易造成考生由于一处误选导致多处错答的情况，因此试题难度比常规阅读试题难度有所增加。3近年，段首题和段中题是考查重点，而段中题又以并列或递进关系和转折或让步关系居多，这就要求考生必须联系上下文去做题，仔细揣摩上下句之间的逻辑关系。因此，在做阅读七选五时，考生应从“位置”和“逻辑”两个角度来把握解题技巧。第一步 速读全文，了解大意，明确挖空位置快速阅读全文要点词句，注意挖空位置前后的体现上下文逻辑关系的词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中表示转折、因果、递进、并列、例证等词句，如：but，and，beside
4、s，not only.but also，first，second，because，so that，for example，目的是掌握文章的主要内容及挖空前后的语义逻辑关系。第二步 分析选项，再读全文，代入挖空位置分析选项后再边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。第三步 把握大意，对比分析，检查核对此时可将已选出的答案(确定的或不确定的)代入原文，检查核对，看文章从内容上
5、是否语义连贯合理，语篇结构上是否通顺连贯一致、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。如果所选的答案可以满足上述标准，则表明各个问题的答案基本正确。第一节 段首题(2019全国卷)Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air.”_36_ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area
6、 is good._37_ If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen.If youexercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain
7、.Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)_38_ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪
8、)Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches outtheir window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead._39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace._40_ While the suns rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin DTo
9、 make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skinput on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working，and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.AFresh air cleans our lungs.BSo what are you waiting for?CBein
10、g in nature refreshes us.D Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.EBut is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?FJust as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care.GAll across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.【语篇解读
11、】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了到户外呼吸新鲜空气对人体的各种好处。36解析：根据本段第一句话“人们总是让我们出去呼吸新鲜空气”和空格后一句“回答是肯定的”可知此处应填入一个一般疑问句，即“新鲜空气果真如妈妈总说的那样好吗？”答案：E37解析：文章开头讲述了新鲜空气对人有好处，那接下来应该介绍具体的好处。空白处应是本段的总起句。通过阅读本段后面部分可知，本段主要讲述了远离城市雾霾，到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气给人体带来的好处。由此推断，选项 A 更符合常识以及本段大意。答案：A38解析：本段空格后提到 In these places“在这些地方”可知，空格处应该是某个地点。此外，本段第一句提到研究人员
12、在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系，那么紧接着应该要建立这种接近自然的康复中心，因此选 G。答案：G39解析：从本段的“In these places”一直到本空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快，再结合本空后“这给了我们平和宁静”可知，此处应为总结句，描述大自然的作用，因此选 C。答案：C40解析：该空后一句提到，尽管太阳光线会使人的皮肤老化、受损，但也能提供有益人体的维生素 D。由此可知，空格处应该与太阳光线有关。答案：D一、常见命题形式在某段第一句设空的为段首题，设空处通常是该段落的主旨句，或是一个承上启下句。假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，
13、推断出主题句。另外着重阅读空后第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。如果空格所在的段落带有小标题，这时空格及其后面的句子就是对小标题的解读。挖空在段首的，先考虑是否是主题句。若不是主题句，则考虑是否是承上启下句。承上启下句的解题方法同段尾句的承上启下句。二、命题特点段首题正确选项的特征：常以段落小标题或主题句形式出现。有时是承上启下句，能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。段首题干扰选项的特征：混淆文章中心意思。误导对段落的起承转合的理解，使逻辑混乱。一、主旨句段落小标题或段落主题句，空处本身是文章标题或段落小标题，选取时注意标题特点(简短精悍，以祈使句为主)。真题例析(2019全国卷
14、，节选)_37_ If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen.If you exercise out ofdoors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.AFre
15、sh air cleans our lungs.BSo what are you waiting for?CBeing in nature refreshes us.D Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.EBut is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?FJust as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care.GAll across the country，
16、recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.37解析：空白处应是本段的总起句。通过阅读本段后面部分可知，本段主要讲述了远离城市雾霾，到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气给人体带来的好处。由此推断，选项 A更符合常识以及本段大意。答案：A二、过渡句正确选项与上一段尾句关系紧密。利用上一段尾句和空后一、二句确定相关信息词。在选项中查找与之相关的内容。真题例析(2017全国卷，节选)I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.3
17、8.Thistime there was no tent.Instead，we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life._39_We have done a lot of it since.Recently，we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and
18、a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.EI must
19、say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip，my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.39解析：本空位于段首，起到了承上启下的作用。上段提到了第二次较为舒适的野营，下文指出自此之后进行了多次野营，且装备更加完善。F 项意为“这次行程之后，我们一家人对野营产生了浓厚的兴趣”，下文中的 we指代 my family，该句有效地连接了上下文。答案
20、：FPassage 1(2019全国卷)Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin._36_Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided._37
21、_More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc.Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite import
22、ant，because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work._38_So，slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long ter
23、m objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible._39_They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example，you may want to be a pilot but cant become one
24、 because your eyesight is not good enough._40_You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties，some planned，but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties a
25、t the time of setting your goals.AThis can affect your work.BSo how should you motivate yourself?CHowever，this should not discourage you.DSo why should we try to set specific goals?EThey can change according to circumstances.FMotivation is what you need most to do a good job.GWithout motivation，you
26、can neither set a goal nor reach it.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章就如何保持动力来实现设定的目标，给出了一些方法。36解析：上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G 选项“没有动力，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选 G。答案：G37解析：根据本段内容及空后“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”可知该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢？”切题，故选 B。答案：B38解析：空前说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，空后说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启
27、下，A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选 A。答案：A39解析：空前说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E 选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。答案：E40解析：空前说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”空后说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C 选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选 C。答案：CPassage 2(2018全国卷)If you are already making the time to exercise，it is good indeed！With such busy lives，it c
28、an be hard to try and find the time to work out._36_ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day._37_Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start._
29、38_ If you work out in the mornings，then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day，not in your sleep._39_ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you，so it is more difficult to relax
30、 and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited._40_ If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food？You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.T
31、here are a lot of benefits to working out，especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out！You will feel energized all day long.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should
32、 exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise，you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly，or youre doing it now，then listen up!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们挤出时间锻炼身体的好处，而晨练的好处更大，对身体和工作都有所裨益。36解析：解本题可用
33、关联逻辑法。本空前文说在繁忙的生活中，我们很难找到时间锻炼，后文说晨练的好处，故中间的衔接句可表达“假设有时间锻炼”之类的含义，因此 G 项符合语境。本设空类型为过渡句类。答案：G37解析：解本题可用句意判断法。本段的主旨是“晨练能提高你的效率”，E 项“锻炼之后的 4 到 10 小时内，你都能让自己头脑清醒”追加了锻炼的好处，符合此处的语境。本设空类型为细节理解类。答案：E38解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处，F 项意为“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”。F 项中的关键词 throughout the day 与文中的 the whole day 呼应。故选 F。本设空类型为细节理解类。答案：F39解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。本题考查段落主题。本段提到 slept better，difficult to relax，a peaceful sleep，因此这一段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更能改善睡眠，因此选 B。本设空类型为段落主题句类。答案：B40解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由本段的关键词stick to healthy food choices，eating junk food，positive choices 等可知，这一段说的是晨练对饮食的影响，因此选 A。本设空类型为段落主题句类。答案：A