1、定语从句考向预测定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。2018年高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。考点定位 定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which
2、/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。考点1：关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like
3、those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，
4、物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for
5、 which【典例】 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。【典例】China Today attract
6、s a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先that不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主
7、语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D考点2：that与which，who，whom的用法区别that和which的用法区别:在定语从句中，关系代词which和 that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形（1） 当先行词为：all, little, few, much, none,及some-, any-, no-, every-,与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。如：There is nothing that will stop us making progres
8、s. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。（2）当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。如：This is the only problem that we cant work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。 (3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：Luxun
9、 and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。 （6）当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。如：Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天画的那张画是哪一张？B只能用which而不能用t
10、hat的情形（1）当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒，我上周买的，现在不见了。（2）关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。 (3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。如：I dont take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵
11、的那一个。who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who
12、 (whom)。如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？(3) 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。如：Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如：Anyone who is again
13、st us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。(5) 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。（6）在there be 句型中名词的定语从句多用于who(whom)。如：There are students in our class who/whom you have met.我们班有些学生你没见过。（7）当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引
14、导词为that，那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：The boy that you met just now is Li Mings brother who just graduated from a university.刚才你看到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。(2)
15、当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词学修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。如：Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？(4) the same as与the same thatthe same as所引导定语从句的内容与先
16、行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣) She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句1、关系副词一览表关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day wh
17、en we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which【典例】Mozarts birthplace and the house he composed The Marc Flute are both museums now.A. where B. when C. there D. which【答案】A【解析】where引导了定语从句，并且在
18、定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为the house。【特别提示】在英语中有几个词虽然不指具体的地点，但它们作先行词时常用where引导定语从句（介词+which）。常见的有：situation/case/point/circumstances/stage等。I have come to the point where I cant stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的程度。Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane他发现他陷入了危险的境地，他有可能
19、会失去对飞机的控制。【典例】Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是a situation,指物，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where,选D。考点4 “介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句1概述“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which，whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的
20、有以下几种结构：(1)介词+关系代词Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，
21、of which three were English novels上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。He wrote a book，the name of which Ive completely forgotten他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。The old man has two daughtersboth of whom are doctors那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是
22、台湾。(4)介词+关系代词+名词I called him by the wrong namefor which mistake I apologized我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)2关系代词的选择用于”介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。【典例】You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.A. that; what B. wha
23、t;/ C. which;/ D. /; that【答案】B【解析】 很明显，第一空前没有名词或代词。这是介词后的宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少have的宾语，指物，用what。第二个空前有不定代词，我们把它代入从句中，可以作get的宾语，说明是宾语从句，用关系代词that,它在定语从句中作宾语可以省略，所以答案是B。（60分钟）限时训练经典常规题一、语法填空1.【2017全国卷】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70._ is not good for the health.2.【2017全国卷】But Sarah, 6
24、4._ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65._ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.3.【2017浙江卷6月考】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63._ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64._ it remained until the carrots leafy top
25、accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.4.【2016全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 二、短文改错5.【2017全国卷】In their spare
26、time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.6.【2017全国卷】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:7.【2016四川】The dishes what I cooked were Moms favoritiest高频易错题 一、语法填空（重庆市重点中学九校联盟2018届高三上学期第一次联考）A hum
27、anoid robot（类人机器人）named Sophia has made history by becoming he first robot in the world _41_ (award) citizenship. Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）on Wednesday offered citizenship to the robot, designed by David Hanson. Journalist Andrew Ross made the _42_ (announce) at the end of an interview with Sophia.Sophia
28、_43_ (response), without missing a beat: “I want to thank very much the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.”“I am very _44_ (pride) and honored for this unique distinction. This is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship,” the robot said.The particulars of the citizens
29、hip were not discussed, and its not clear _45_ Sophia will have the same rights as a human Saudi Arabian citizen._46_ (discuss) the future of AI (artificial intelligence), Ross expressed concerns previously raised by Elon Musk _47_ AI could be dangerous if it were to go evil and turn on humanity. _4
30、8_ Sophia insisted it wanted to use AI only to “help humans live a better life”.Sophia tried to remove Ross （那个采访的记者）fears of a “bad future,” insisting that AI is “designed around human _49_ (value) like wisdom, kindness, compassion”. It accused him _50_ “reading too much Elon Musk,” and said, “dont
31、 worry, if youre nice to me, Ill be nice to you. Treat me as a smart input-output system”.二、短文改错（河南省百校联盟2017届高三3月联考）Last month, I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didnt have money to buy her newly clothes. In school, this girl was the victim of bullying because of
32、the clothes that she wears. So I went home and was told mom that Id like collect something for her. Knew what she suffered in the school broke my heart. Sometimes young people are so mean to others which dont have the money to buy some expensive thing. This has to change because it is not clothes or
33、 shoes that makes a person. It is what we have in our heart but our soul that matters.精准预测题一、语法填空（河南省中原名校2018届高三第二次质量检测）When you are thirsty, you can drink some green tea. It tastes good and its very healthy. The Chinese_41_ (know)about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use_42_
34、to treat everything from headaches to depression. They have _43_(actual)been using green tea as a medicine for over 4,000 years.Nowadays, there is scientific evidence of the health benefits of green tea. According to one study_44_(publish)in a cancer research journal, drinking green tea _45_(reduce)
35、the risk of some types of cancer in Chinese men and women _46_nearly sixty percent. USA researchers have also found that green tea may prevent the_47_(grow)of cancer cells. There is also new evidence _48_green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at getting rid
36、of the bacteria on your _49_(tooth)and keep them healthy!According to the Chinese proverb, “It is_50_ (good)to go without food for three days, than without tea for one.” So, in brief, you should definitely try a cup of green tea. It seems that it can only do you good.二、短文改错(四川省南充市2018届高三第一次适应性考试)The
37、 environment pollution was more and more serious today. We have no dean Water to drink it because of water pollution. And when trees cut down, some animals disappear. There is more and more dirty smoke in the air. Peopled health has been great affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people
38、have died of diseases causing by pollution. In order to live the better life, its time for us to protect our world. We should recycle, reduce and reuse things, what saves money and reduces pollution. Use things so long as possible. Dont use plastic bag. Besides, we must plant more trees and stop peo
39、ple cutting it down. We hope our world will be more and more beautiful.参考答案经典常规题一、 语法填空1.【答案】which【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。2.【答案】64. who 65. to prove【解题思路】64考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从
40、句中作主语，故填who。3.【答案】63. swept 64. where【解题思路】63 考查过去分词。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。4.【答案】64. to 65. when 66. permitted【解题思路】 64考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。65.考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。66考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。二、 短文改错5.【答案】interesting改为interested；. that改为which【解题思路】考查形容词用法。张
41、家夫妇对种菜感兴趣；考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用which。6.【答案】picture前加this/the；they that/which【解题思路】考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰；考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things”是一个单句，而后面的“they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一
42、个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。7.【答案】what-that/which(或去掉what)；favoritest-favorite【解题思路】此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes 做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故把what-that/which(或去掉what)；“favorite”本身就是“最喜欢”，故把favoritest-favorite。高频易错题一、 语法填空【
43、答案】41. to be awarded 42. announcement 43. responded 44. proud 45. if/whether 46. Discussing 47. that 48. But 49. values 50. of【解题思路】文章报道了一个类人机器人Sophia被授予沙特阿拉伯公民，成为第一个被授予公民权利的机器人。41. to be awarded 考查不定式的被动。句中the first robot和动词award是被动关系，指机器人被授予公民身份。此处是make sb. do sth.结构，主动形式中省去to被动语态中要补出to，故填不定式的被动形式
44、to be awarded.42. announcement考查名词。此处由the限定做made的宾语用名词，指作出宣布，故填announcement.43. responded考查动词。与全文时态一致，叙述发生过的事用一般过去时，故填responded.44. proud.考查形容词。此处由very修饰做系动词am的表语用形容词，故填proud.45. if/whether.考查连词。此处指是否Sophia和沙特阿拉伯公民有同等的权利还没明确，表示是否，故填if/whether.46. Discussing.考查动词形式。句中主语Ross和动词discuss是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-in
45、g形式，故填Discussing.47. that.考查连词。句中包含concerns的同位语从句，由that引导，故填that.48. But.考查连词。句意：Ross表达了对人工智能如果变邪恶，会对人类构成危险的担心，但是Sophia说它只是想帮助人类过更好的生活。前后句是转折关系，故填But.49. values.考查名词。此处由human修饰指“人类的价值观念”，根据like wisdom, kindness, compassion用复数，故填values.50. of.考查介词。accuse sb. of sth.表示“指责/控告某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故填of.二、 短文改错【答
46、案】Last month, I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didnt have money themto buy her newly clothes. In school, this girl was the victim of bullying because of the clothes that she wears. So I newworewent home and was told mom that Id like collect something for her. Kne
47、w what she suffered in the school broke my toKnowingheart. Sometimes young people are so mean to others which dont have the money to buy some expensive thing. This who/thatthingshas to change because it is not clothes or shoes that makes a person. It is what we have in our heart but our soul that ma
48、keandmatters.【解题思路】1.考查代词。句意：上个月，我把我的一些衣服给了一位需要衣服的女孩子。这里需要用them指代上文的复数名词clothes，故it-them。2.句意：因为她的父母没有钱给她买新衣服。这里用形容词new做名词clothes的定语，故newly-new。3.句意：在学校，这个女孩是被欺负的对象因为她穿的衣服。根据上下文时态以及时态一致，可知wears-wore。4.句意：因此，我想回家告诉妈妈我想给她拿些衣服。根据句意可知，主语I和动词tell是主动关系，故删去was。5.考查固定用法would like to想要，故在like和collect之间加上to。6
49、.考查动名词作主语。句意：知道她在学校的遭遇让我很心痛。这里动名词短语作主语，故Knew-knowing。7.考察定语从句关系代词。句意：有时，年轻人对那些买不起昂贵东西的人非常刻薄。此句中的定语从句，先行词others，需要用关系代词who/that指代先行词，并在定语从句中作主语，故which-who/that。8.考查名词的数。这里”昂贵的东西”，用复数名词things。thing-things.9.考查主谓一致。句意：并不是我们的衣服或者鞋子让我们有尊严。强调句型中主语not clothes or shoes，根据主谓一致原则，故动词用make。故makes- make。10.考查连词
50、。句意：我们内心和心灵拥有的才是要紧的。根据句意可知our heart和our soul是并列关系，用and。故but-and。精准预测题一、 语法填空【答案】41. have known 42. it 43. actually 44. published 45. reduces 46. by 47. growth 48. that 49. teeth 50. better【解题思路】本文向读者介绍了绿茶。从远古时代起，人们就开始了解绿茶的好处，并用它来治疗从头痛到抑郁的各种问题。今天，根据科学研究发现绿茶有益于健康，绿茶可以减少某些癌症发生的机率，抑制细菌的生长等。41. 考查时态。根据“T
51、he Chinese_1_ (know) about the benefits of green tea since ancient times”中的“since”可知，应该用完成时。故填“have known”。42. 考查代词。“they use _2_ to treat everything from headaches to depression” “it”代指前面的“green tea”。故填“it”。43. 考查副词。“They have _3_ (actual) been using green tea as a medicine for over 4,000 years”“他们
52、实际上一直用绿茶作为一种药物已经有4000多年了”。故填“actually”。44. 考查被动语态。“According to one study_4_ (publish) in a cancer research journal”“根据一项被出版的杂志癌症研究”。故填“published”。45. 考查主谓一致。“drinking green tea _5_ (reduce) the risk of some types of cancer”“绿茶可以减少癌症的风险”，动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填“reduces”。46. 考查介词。“in Chinese men and
53、women _6_ nearly sixty percent”“中国男性和女性患病的几率降低了60%”。故填“by”。47. 考查名词。“green tea may prevent the _7_ (grow) of cancer cells”“绿茶阻止癌细胞的生长”，这里用名词作宾语，故填名词“growth”。48. 考查定语从句。“There is also new evidence _8_ green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies”“也有新的证据表明绿茶可以帮助破坏我们体内的细菌”。“that”指代后面的“green tea
54、 can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies”。故填“that”。49. 考查复数形式。“getting rid of the bacteria on your _9_ (tooth)”“去除牙齿上的细菌”“tooth”的复数形式是“teeth”。故填“teeth”。50. 考查比较级。“It is _10_ (good) to go without food for three days”“三天不吃东西是更好的”“good”的比较级是“better”。故填“better”。二、短文改错【答案】1.第句：was-is2.第二句：去掉it3.第三句：tr
55、ees后加are4.第五句：great-greatly5.第六句：causing-caused6.第七句：the-a7.第八句：what-which8.第九句：so-as9.第十句：bag-bags10.第十一句：it-them【解题思路】1.句意：今天环境的污染越来越严重。可知句子用一般现在时态，故把was-is。2.句意：因为污染我们没有干净的水喝。动词不定式做后置定语，并且动词不定式与所修饰的词之间是动宾关系。故把it去掉。3.句意：树被砍倒的时候，一些动物消失了.when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态的被动语态，trees是从句主语，故在trees后加are。4.副词修饰动词，故把great-greatly。5.句意：很多人死于被污染引起的疾病。过去分词做后置定语，故把causing-caused。6.句意：为了过上一个更好的生活。故把the-a。7.前面是整个句子作先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句用which引导，故把what-which。8.固定搭配：as-as possible尽可能，故把so-as。9.句意：不要用塑料袋。根据句意可知用名词复数形式，故把bag-bags。10.句意：我们一定要种更多的树，并且阻止人们砍伐它们。故把it-them。