1、1illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图illustration n插图；图示；解释illustrative adj.解释的；说明的2precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的preciousness n宝贵；可贵3marriage n结婚；婚姻marry vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶married adj.已婚的4major adj.主要的；重要的majority n大部分；大多数5complain vt.&vi.抱怨；发牢骚complaint n抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告6respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应response n反应；回答；回复7re
2、ject vt.拒绝接受；不录用rejection n拒绝接受(相信)；否决8appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n约会；预约；约定9elect vt.选举；推选election n选举；推选；当选10scare vt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓scared adj.害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐惧的11energy n精力；活动energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的1moral adj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意You should follow the traditional moral standards.道德的Young people have no m
3、orals these days. 品行；道德The moral is that crime doesnt pay. 寓意，教益2faint vi. 昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road.微弱的The woman in front of me fainted suddenly.昏倒3tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于；常常就；往往会Women tend to live longer than men.往往会Prices have tended do
4、wnwards over recent years. 倾向；趋于The nurse is tending the injured.照顾Words and Phrasescarry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关(教材P16)These words of Dr.Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她渡过充满艰难抉择的一生
5、。例1His determination carried him through the hard time.他靠坚强的信心渡过了这段艰难的岁月。例2It was your help that carried them through the hardest time in the foreign country.就是你的帮助使她们渡过了在国外艰难的日子。造句就是对医学的热爱支撑她渡过充满艰难抉择的一生。It was the love to medicine that carried her through a life of hard choices.知识拓展carry sb.back to
6、 sth.使回想起；使回忆carry off 赢得；获得；成功的对付carry on 继续移动carry out 实施；执行；落实carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现即学即练单句语法填空Its a difficult job but shes the person to carry it throughThey are carrying out the plan now.Please carry on with your work while Im away.He carried off most of the prizes.majority大部分；大多数(教材P16)At
7、 age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.在十八岁时她选择了学医而不是像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之路。例1Boys are very much in the minority at the dancing class.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。例2Our country is a traditional agricultural society，with a majority of farming popu
8、lation.我们的国家是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。例3For example，if you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority are over the age of fifty.例如，你看一看听古典音乐会的观众，大部分是五十岁以上的。造句(2015浙江卷)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃自己的观点并尊重大多数人的观点。When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the
9、majority.知识拓展(1)a/the majority of.大多数be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数(2)minority n. 少数be in the minority 占少数(3)major n& v. 主修；专业major in 主修；以为专业即学即练单句语法填空Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.The majority of the land has
10、been destroyed(destroy) so far.Some of the plays told sad stories，but the majority of the plays were(be) really funny.提示(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。(2)the majority ofrespond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应(教材P16)She responded，“Id rather stay single to study all my life！”她回答说“我宁愿为终身学习而保持单身”。例1Clive respond
11、ed to my suggestion with a laugh.克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。例2The director responded that he remained optimistic when asked about the companys future.问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。造句你可以相信他迎接挑战的能力。You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.知识拓展(1)respond to sth.对做出反应/回答(2)response n. 回答；反应in response to 对做出反应make (a)
12、response to 回答/响应；对做出反应即学即练单句语法填空The disease quickly responded to the treatment.In response to the audiences great demand，the play will/would be put on in the theatre twice a week.He made no response(respond) to my suggestion，which made me very disappointed.小片段助记He came up with the suggestion on the
13、 question at the meet last night.Some people quickly responded to the suggestion while the majority of them present at the meet made no response to it.So they decided to have another meet in response to the question.reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用(教材P16)Dr.Lin，however，rejected the offer.然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。例1The prim
14、e minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。例2Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential.17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。造句所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。Ive been rejected by all the universities I applied to.知识拓展(1)reject sth.拒绝接受某事；不予考虑某事(2)rejection n. 拒绝接
15、受；否决即学即练单句语法填空The new managers proposal met with firm rejection(reject)He said that he had been rejected (reject) by the university he had been dreaming of.小片段助记John has been dreaming of working in the company.He insists on applying for a job in the company though，he has been rejected(reject) many t
16、imes.Once he even said their rejection(reject) made him more eager to want a job in it.appoint vt.任命；委派(教材P16)In 1941，Dr.Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital，.在1941年，林博士成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，例1Do they appoint him as the secr
17、etary?他们任命他为秘书了吗？例2They have appointed a new headteacher at my sons school.我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。例3I have an appointment with Dr.Smith，but I need to change it.我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约。造句他们任命他为英格兰队队长。They appointed him as captain of the English team.知识拓展(1)appoint sb.to a post派某人任某职appoint sb.as/to be. 任命某人为appo
18、int sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事(2)make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约keep/break an appointment守/违约即学即练单句语法填空He was appointed(appoint) general manager for his rich experience.They appoint Tom to take(take) charge of all the activities on that day.If you want to see the doctor，youd better have an app
19、ointment(appoint) with him in advance.elect vt.选举；推选(教材P17)In 1954，she was elected to the first National Peoples Congress and，.1954年，她第一次被选为人大代表，例1He is elected to be the leadership of the party.他被推举为党的领导人。例2You can elect to stay here till 5 oclock or leave at once.你可以选择在这里待到5点或者马上离开。造句购买者可选择逐月分期付款。
20、Purchasers can elect to pay in monthly installment.知识拓展(1)elect to do sth.选择做某事elect sb.to. 选举某人进入elect sb.(as). 选举某人担任elect sb.to do sth. 选举某人做某事(2)election n. 选举即学即练单句语法填空He was elected as our monitor at the beginning of the term.If I am lucky to be elected(elect)，I will make every effort to serve
21、 for the benefits of students and our club.The low level of interest in the election(elect) has been reflected in the unwillingness of the citizens to vote.小片段助记He was elected as our monitor in the election of our class yesterday.As our monitor，he can elect to manage our class by himself，and he can
22、also elect some classmates to help him to manage it.tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于(教材P17)She was more interested in tending patients，.她更感兴趣的是照顾病人，例1The old tend to be cheated easily.老年人更容易被欺骗。例2She tended(to) her husband carefully during his illness.丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。造句这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。It means th
23、at more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.知识拓展(1)tend to do.往往会/易于做某事tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾/护理/看护(2)tendency n. 倾向There is a tendency(for sb.)to do sth.(sb.) have/has a tendency towards sth./to do sth.倾向于(做)提示“照料，护理”的多种表达法：look after/take care o
24、f/keep an eye on/attend(to)即学即练单句语法填空The boy tends(tend) to like playing football.He tended(tend) my dog while I was away.小片段助记Now there is a tendency for more and more young people to take exercise in the gym.Because there are some trainers tending to you when you are in trouble there.Youd better n
25、ot go there at about 6：00，since it tends to get very crowded then.scare adj.害怕的；对感到惊慌和恐惧的(教材P17)She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.在面试时，她太害怕了以至完全忘了如何回答问题。例1She is scared of going out alone.她不敢一个人外出。例2It scared me to think I was a
26、lone in the building.想到楼里只有我一个人我挺害怕的。造句我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点儿也不能抑制我那怕的要死的心情！I told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!知识拓展(1)scare.away.把吓跑(2)be scared of(doing) sth.害怕(做)某事(3)scaring adj. 令人害怕的即学即练单句语法填空Most of us are eager for success and sca
27、red of failure.The poor girl was so scared(scare) that she nearly burst into tears.He was scared to death(die) on seeing the terrifying scene.That scaring(scare) movie was so terrifying that Mark felt frightened at the thought of it.replace vt.接替；取代；更换(教材P17)The student union will hold a special mee
28、ting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.学生会将在一月召开一个特别会议，来选举一个人接替这位秘书。例1John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of(replace) him.约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。例2They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.他们用昂贵的新跑车取代了心爱的旧车。造句有一类密码用符号来代替单词、短语或句子。Theres a
29、 code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.知识拓展(1)replace A with/by B用B取代Areplace sb.as. 取代某人成为(2)take the place of sb.take sb.s place 代替某人in place of 代替in place 在适当的位置，恰当的即学即练单句语法填空It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in class.She cant attend
30、 the meeting，so her assistant will take the place of her.Now that these basics were in place，I was ready to go all out to carry out the plan.Sentence Patterns否定词与比较级连用表示最高级句式(教材P16)To a person nothing is more precious than their life.对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了句式分析：否定词比较级“没有比更；没有像一样”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，
31、nothing，nobody，hardly等。例1Mr.Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a better boss.为史蒂文森先生工作真好我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。例2As far as Im concerned，nothing is more important than hard study.就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。造句没有比时间更贵重的东西，但其他东西也同样宝贵。Nothing is more valuable than time，but nothing is less valued.知
32、识拓展(1)比较级than(2)can/couldnever/notbe即学即练(1)单句语法填空I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a more exciting(exciting) one before.Tom is more intelligent(intelligent) than any other student in his class.Remember，no one is better(good) than you and no one is smarter(smart) th
33、an you.(2)完成句子你的故事太完美了；我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。Your story is perfect；Ive never heard a better one before汤姆是我们班最高的学生。Tom is taller than any other student in our class.过马路时，你越小心越好。You can never be too careful while crossing the street.would rather do sth.宁愿做某事(教材P16)She responded，“Id rather stay single to st
34、udy all my life！”她回答说：“我宁愿为终生学习而保持单身！”句式分析：句中would rather(not) do sth.意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。例1He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。例2Nowadays more and more people would rather not live in big cities.现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。造句为了过低碳生活，有些人宁愿骑车而不是开车去上班。To live a low carbon life，some people
35、would rather ride a bike than drive a car to work.提示使用would rather.than.句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。would rather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。即学即练(1)一句多译简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。Jane is a quiet girl，who would rather stay in the library than go to see a movie.Jane is a quiet girl，who prefers to st
36、ay in the library rather than go to see a movie.Jane is a quiet girl，who prefers staying in the library to going to see a movie.(2)单句语法填空She would rather you came(come) tomorrow than today.I would rather you had finished(finish) your homework yesterday.see表“见证；目睹；经历”时的用法(教材P17)The new Peoples Republ
37、ic of China saw Dr.Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.新的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键作用。句式分析：see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。例1National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.They were all very cheerful.国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。他们都兴高采烈。例2The old temple has seen great changes
38、 of the village in the past two hundred years.这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。造句过去40年来见证了我国各个领域的巨大变化。The last forty years have seen many great changes in many fields of our country.知识拓展与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。即学即练(1)单句语法填空The city saw(see) a series o
39、f fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr.King was shot to death in 1968.The year 1949 witnessed(witness) the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.With economy developing at great speed，our city has witnessed(witness) quite a few changes in recent years.(2)完成句子过去的三十年里制定了大量保障
40、我们权利的法律。The last thirty years have witnessed a large number of laws guaranteeing us our rights.黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。The dusk found a little girl crying in the street.1To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying Im cold，hung
41、ry or tired?分析本句为并列句，由and连接，在后一个句子中，有if引导的条件状语从句，并且saying在后一句中作伴随状语。译文对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢？2She greatly impressed her American colleagues，who invited her to stay.Dr.Lin，however，rejected the offer.分析本句为并列句，由however引导表示转折。在前一个句子中有一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰colleagues。译文她给她的
42、美国同事留下了深刻印象，他们邀请她留在美国。然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。教材高考1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life.(2015湖南卷)As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.2.Dr.Lin didnt retire until the day she died.(2019全国卷).She had no plans to retire fr
43、om her 36yearold business.3.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician.(2019北京卷)The students who hes driven have gone on to become physicians.单句语法填空1As we all know，nothing is more precious(precious) than health.2She responded(respond) to my question after a while
44、.3The majority of the people were/are(be) in favour of the suggestion at the meeting.4He rejected(reject) the offer of studying in America and settled down to his work at home.5At last he was appointed(appoint) as manager of the company.6He has worked the land for about 4 decades(decade) since he gr
45、aduated from the college.7The old and the young tend to be cheated(cheat) more easily than others.8After retirement(retire)，I intend to learn cooking and French.9It gives the old man great pleasure to meet these energetic(energy) young people.10It is generally believed that teachers will never be re
46、placed(replace) with computers in class.语境填空moral dilemma；carry sb.through sth.；in the majority；tuition fees；respond to；in response to；resident physician；tend to；replace.with；be scared of1When he met with the moral dilemma，he didnt know how to deal with it.2The little girl was scared of staying at h
47、ome alone at night.3We decided to replace Li Lei with Tom as our monitor.4Girls tend to like playing dolls while boys like playing guns.5The government quickly responded to the accident that happened in the school.6They took immediate action in response to the students great demand.7The Chinese peop
48、le are in the majority in the sport meet held in Wuhan.8He took a parttime job to afford the high tuition fees while studying in England.9It was your generous help that carried me through the hardest time of my life.10She was hired as a resident physician in the OBGYN department after she graduated
49、from the medical college.课文语法填空As Dr.Lin Qiaozhi said “To a person nothing is 1.more precious(precious) than their life.”These words of her give us a look into the heart of the amazing woman and 2.what carried her through a life of hard choices.At age 18，she chose to study medicine instead of follow
50、ing the traditional path of 3.marriage(marry) like the majority of girls.Once she 4.responded(respond) to her brothers complaint.“I would rather 5.stay(stay) single to study all my life.”At age 26，she 6.was hired(hire) as a resident physician in the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital immediately
51、when she graduated.After 7.working(work) for a few years，she was sent to study abroad，where she 8.rejected(reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.In 1941，she was appointed director of the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital，9.but later，the department was closed because of the war.So she 10.opened(open) a private clinic to help the people in need.