[31531756]攻略08 情态动词和连系动词-备战2022年中考英语语法重难考点梳理与提分攻略(通用版).doc

1、备战2022年中考英语语法重难考点梳理与提分攻略(通用版)08 情态动词和连系动词【知识图解】【考点梳理】考点一 情态动词情态动词用法举例can could表示许可(相当于may)No one can smoke in the hospital. 表示能力“能、会”Can you go there with me? 表示猜测(常用于否定句, cant意为“不可能”)Theres no light onthey cant be at home. may might表示猜测, 意为“可能”She may be here tomorrow. 表示许可, 意为“可以”You may go now. 表

2、示祝愿, 意为“祝”May you have a good time! must表示主观看法“必须、应当”We must love our country. 表示很有把握的推断, 意为“一定”The man must be a doctor. have to表示客观需求“不得不”It rained heavily. We had to stay at home. need表示需要、必须(常用于否定句和疑问句)You neednt come next time. should表示义务或责任, 意为“应该”You should study hard. would表示建议、意愿或请求Would yo

3、u like a cup of tea? 表示猜测, 意为“大概”That would be true. 【特别提示1】情态动词的用法歌诀情态动词两要点, 动词原形跟后面, 说话语气较委婉。can表“能力”may“许可”, must“必须”“推测有把握”。should“应该”would“愿”, have to“被迫”表客观。【拓展迁移】1. 以may 开头的一般疑问句的否定回答常用 mustnt或cant, 表示“不可以”、 “禁止”等意思。如: May I take the book to my friend? 这本书我可以带给我的朋友吗? No, you mustnt/cant. 不, 不

4、可以。2. 以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答常用neednt或dont have to, 而不能直接用mustnt回答。如: Must she finish her homework now? 她现在必须完成作业吗? No, she neednt. /doesnt have to. 不, 不必要/没必要。考点二 系动词种类例词例句表状态am/is/are(是); keep/stay(保持)等We are in Grade Two this year. 表“感觉”look(看起来); feel(摸起来); smell(闻起来); sound(听起来); taste(尝起来)等The stor

5、y sounds interesting. 表“变化”become/get/grow/turn(变得)等He feels sorry and his face turns red. 【拓展迁移】系动词后面常跟形容词、名词等作表语; 系动词没有被动形式, 也不能用于进行时态。【特别提示2】 连系动词速记我们可把左栏里的系动词归纳为“三是两保持, 起来五个, 变了四个”。【真题再现】一、情态动词()1. (2021海南中考)How long can I keep these books? According to the library rules, you _return them within

6、 7 days. A. mustB. mightC. could()2. (2021乐山中考)Could I ride an electric bicycle to school, Mr Wang? No, you_. Students under the age of 16 arent allowed to ride electric bicycles. A. couldntB. neednt C. cant()3. (2021吉林中考) Whose dictionary is this? It_be Jeffs. Look! His name is on Page One. A. must

7、B. needC. cant()4. (2021绥化中考)We_have a graduation ceremony next week, but Im not sure. A. mustB. needC. might()5. (2021包头中考)Hi, Carl! Im leaving for Chengdu this weekend. Cool! But I _get away until the end of July. A. shouldntB. cantC. needntD. mustnt()6. (2021北京中考)Sam, _I join you in the community

8、 service? Of course you can. A. can B. mustC. should D. need二、系动词()1. (2020天门中考) May I have some more chicken? It _so delicious. A. feelsB. smellsC. tastesD. sounds()2. (2020新疆中考) Look, Cindy. The flowers in our classroom come out in one night. Thats fantastic! They are beautiful and colorful. They

9、_nice. A. smellsB. smellC. sounds D. sound()3. (2021河北中考)The trip_really exciting to me. How I wish to go! A. sounds B. smells C. tastesD. feels()4. (2020襄阳中考) How does the banana milk shake _? Delicious. Id like to have another glass. A. lookB. smellC. taste D. sound()5. (2020云南中考) Dreams are power

10、ful and they can drive you to work harder and become _than before. A. good B. well C. better D. best 【参考答案】一、ACACB A二、CBACC【提分攻略】一、三步选出情态动词Step 1: 明确选项含义, 注意选项间的差别; Step 2: 观察题干语境, 判断是观点态度还是推测; Step 3: 作出合理判断。(1)如果是观点态度: 表能力用can, 表许可用may, 表必须用must。(2)如果是推测: 断然否定用cant; 犹豫不决拿不准用may或might; 表示肯定用must。二、

11、系动词解题关键点1. 明确系动词后跟形容词作表语; 2. 熟记各感官动词的准确含义; 3. 连系动词不能用于进行时和被动语态; 4. look, smell, taste等词, 既可作连系动词, 又可作实义动词。作连系动词时后接形容词作表语, 作实义动词时要用副词修饰。【提分专练】1. _ your mother now?She is OK now, thank you.A. How areB. What areC. How isD. What is2. What is grandma cooking in the kitchen?Fish, I guess. It _ nice.A. sou

12、ndsB. feelsC. smellsD. looks3. Listen, someone is singing over there in the park.Oh, the voice _ so beautiful!A. soundsB. looksC. tastesD. smells4. Although the virus sounds _, we can finally win through hard work.A. terriblyB. terribleC. wonderfullyD. wonderful5. Kelly, you _ so beautiful today!Tha

13、nk you, Mary. Im going to a party.A. smellB. lookC. tasteD. sound6. The flower _ sweet.A. is smelledB. smellsC. smellD. are smelled7. I cant find my milk in the fridge now, but there _ some just now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Andy, youd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit _ good

14、 for you.A. isB. areC. wasD. were9. It sounds _to use “Could you” than “Can you”.A. politeB. politelyC. more politeD. more politely10. Jenny, herere some _. Are they yours?No, mine _ in my schoolbag.A. photo, isB. photos, areC. photoes, areD. photoes, is11. Wow, the meat on the plate produces a nice

15、 smell. It must _ very delicious.A. soundB. tasteC. feelD. look12. Do you hear someone singing songs?Of course. It _ so beautiful.A. hearsB. feelsC. soundsD. listens13. Tim, _ you play ice-hockey? Yes, I can.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. need14. Its said that the animal sign decides ones personality. We

16、_ believe in that. Simons animal sign is Ox, but he is a little lazy.A. needntB. shouldntC. may notD. mustnt15. Dad, why does little Tom have to wash hands so many times a day? For his health, he _ be too careful.A. shouldntB. cantC. mustntD. neednt16. Youd better _ some popcorn or soft drinks befor

17、e the film begins. But I think its better _ anything while watching the film.A. buy; not haveB. buy; not to haveC. to buy; not haveD. to buy; not to have17. Must I finish reading this book today, Mr. Brown?No, you _. Its due next week.A. needntB. cantC. mustntD. shouldnt18. Using the mobile phone wh

18、ile driving isnt allowed by the law. Ive heard of that. I think we _ never be too careful while driving.A. mayB. shouldC. canD. must19. Isnt Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him. I am sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. may not20. The weather was too bad. I _ stay at home and

19、 watched TV instead of going shopping.A. had toB. mustC. canD. should21. We_follow the traffic rules when crossing the street.A. mustB. mayC. canD. need22. Cars _ give way to pedestrians(行人) on some roads in Xuyi, or the drivers will be fined.A. canB. mayC. mustD. would23. You _ cross the road on a

20、red light.A. mustB. mustntC. canD. cannot24. 一Must I return this book tomorrow?No, you _. You can keep it until next week.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt25. Judy, you buy a new bag again. You have had so many.I think a woman _ never have too many bags.A. mayB. shouldC. canD. must26. I was ridin

21、g along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.You _ never be too careful in the street.A. shouldB. canC. mayD. must27. Must we clean and tidy the classroom now?No, you _. It _ after school in the afternoon.A. mustnt; must cleanB. neednt; must cleanC. dont have to; can be c

22、leaned28. Generally speaking, there _ be any survivors(幸存者) after such a long time. However, two young people were found _. Life is super-nature!A. mustnt; livingB. cant; livingC. may; deadD. cant; alive29. Whose cap is this? Is it Cindys?It _ be hers. Dont you remember she even didnt come to the pa

23、rty?A. cantB. mightC. couldD. must30. Lang Ping, the former coach of Chinese Womens Volleyball team, says “As a player, you _ be too hard-working.”A. mustntB. needntC. cantD. shouldnt31. Our teacher often suggests we _ on both sides of the paper.A. writeB. writesC. writingD. to write32. In China, al

24、l passengers _ wear protective masks while using public transport.A. shouldB. needC. canD. must33. Must I clean the windows today?No, you _. You can do it tomorrow.A. cantB. needntC. mustntD. shouldnt34. My father has worked in the office all day, so he _ be very tired now.A. mustB. needC. shouldD.

25、may35. Listen! Carla is playing erhu in the next room.It _ not be Carla. She has gone to Beijing to visit her uncle.A. canB. mustC. needD. shall36. I seemed to see your brother in the school art club just now.It _ be him. He is a member of the club and takes part in it on time.A. mustB. couldC. migh

26、tD. cant37. Whats wrong with this sentence, Mrs Lee?A _. You cannot say “Youd better not to shout in the library.”A. grammatical mistakeB. spelling mistakeC. punctuation mistake (标点符号）D. missing word38. Its too late. Now that you are tired, youd better _ and have a good rest.A. stop to studyB. stop

27、studyingC. to stop to studyD. to stop studying39. _ you please order less and clear your plate this time?Sure, thanks for reminding me!A. MayB. CouldC. MustD. Should40. _ hair band is this? It must _ Marry.A. Whose; belong toB. Whos; belong toC. Whose; belongs to41. Whos singing in the next room? Is

28、 it Lucy?It _ be her. She has gone to New York.A. cantB. mustC. mustntD. can42. Its 8:30 now, but why hasnt Lisa appeared?Im not sure, but I think she _ arrive late.A. canB. mustC. needD. might43. Mary, come and eat your breakfast.Mom, I _ go now, or I will miss the school bus. A. mayB. mustC. canD.

29、 might参考答案1. C【解析】句意：你妈妈现在怎么样了？她现在好了，谢谢。how如何；what什么；are系动词be的复数形式；is系动词be的第三人称单数形式。根据“She is OK now, thank you.”可知是问对方的妈妈好吗，用疑问词how，主语“your mother”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选C。2. C【解析】句意：奶奶在厨房里做什么？我猜是鱼，闻起来好香。考查系动词辨析。sounds听起来；feels摸起来；smells闻起来；looks看起来。根据“Fish, I guess.”和“nice”，可知，此处是根据闻到的香味，猜测奶奶正在做鱼，所以此处用

30、smell符合语境。故选C。3. A【解析】句意：听，在公园里那边有人正在唱歌。哦，嗓音听起来非常动听。考查动词。sounds听起来；looks看起来；tastes品尝起来；smells闻起来。根据“the voice”可知，嗓音听起来非常动听，故选A。4. B【解析】句意：虽然病毒听起来很可怕，但通过努力，我们最终可以取得胜利。考查形容词作表语。terribly副词，非常，可怕地；terrible形容词，可怕的；wonderfully副词，惊人地；wonderful形容词，精彩的。结合语境和空前“sounds”可知，本句“sound听起来”属于系动词，后接形容词作表语，排除选项A和C；根据常

31、识可知，病毒听起来可怕，所以这里用形容词“terrible可怕的”。故选B。5. B【解析】句意：凯莉，你今天看起来真漂亮!谢谢你，玛丽。我要去参加一个聚会。考查动词辨析。smell闻起来；look看起来；taste尝起来；sound听起来。根据“you so beautiful today!”结合下文“Thank you, Mary. Im going to a party.”可知是夸赞对方看起来很漂亮，用look，其它选项均语意不通，故选B。6. B【解析】句意：这花闻起来很香。考查动词。结合选项可知，句子表达的意思是：花闻起来很香。说明物的性质，属于一般现在时态。smell“闻起来”，感

32、官动词，无被动语态，句子的主语“The flower”是第三人称单数，故选B。7. B【解析】句意：我现在找不到冰箱里的牛奶了，但是刚才还有一些呢。考查一般过去时及主谓一致。根据just now（刚刚）可知，这是there be句型的一般过去时的标志词，句子时态用一般过去时，其结构为there was/were，联系汉语意思可知，some是指代some milk，属于不可数名词，所以此处应用there was，故选B。8. B【解析】句意：Andy，你最好不要只吃肉。你应该知道牛奶和水果对你有好处。考查系动词和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，and连接并列主语时，系动词用复数形式ar

33、e，故选B。9. C【解析】句意：用“Could you”比用“Can you”听起来更有礼貌。考查形容词比较级。polite礼貌的，形容词原级；politely礼貌地，副词原级；more polite更有礼貌的，形容词比较级；more politely更有礼貌地，副词比较级。sound是感官系动词，其后跟形容词作表语，故排除B、D；由than可知，此处用比较级，故选C。10. B【解析】句意：珍妮，这里有一些照片。它们是你的吗？不，我的照片在我的书包里。考查名词复数和be动词。根据“some”可知，第一处应用名词复数photos；第二处“mine”指的是my photos，所以be动词用ar

34、e。故选B。11. B【解析】句意：哇，盘子里的肉发出很香的味道。一定很好吃。本题考查感官动词辨析。sound意为“听起来”；taste意为“尝起来”；feel意为“摸起来”；look意为“看起来”。根据题干中的“the meat on the plate produces a nice smell.”可推断，它“尝起来”一定很美味。故选B。12. C【解析】句意：你听到有人唱歌吗？当然。听起来很动听。考查动词辨析。hears听见；feels感觉；sounds听起来；listens听。根据“Do you hear someone singing songs?”可知，歌曲应该是听到的，又因为其后

35、加的是形容词“beautiful”，所以此处应用系动词，故选C。13. A【解析】句意：Tim，你会打冰球吗？是的，我会。考查情态动词。can能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据回答“Yes, I can.”可知问句是Can引导的一般疑问句，此处can表能力。故选A。14. B【解析】句意：据说属相决定一个人的性格。我们不应该相信那个。西蒙的属相是牛，但是他有点懒。考查情态动词辨析。neednt不必；shouldnt不应该；may not不可以；mustnt禁止。根据“Simons animal sign is Ox, but he is a little lazy. 西蒙

36、的属相是牛，但是他有点懒。”可知，此处表示我们不应该相信那个。故选B。15. B【解析】句意：妈妈，为什么小汤姆一天得洗手这么多次？为了他的健康，他再小心也不为过。考查情态动词辨析。shouldnt不应该；cant不能； mustnt不允许；neednt不必。根据“For your health”及所给选词可知，为了他的健康，他再怎么小心也不为过，固定搭配：cant be too+形容词，表示“再也不为过”，所以空格处填cant。故选B。16. B【解析】句意：你最好在电影开始前买些爆米花或软饮料。但我认为看电影时最好什么都不要吃。考查句型搭配用法。had better do sth.最好做某

37、事，为固定搭配，had better后跟动词原形，故第一空填buy；而Its better to do sth.表示更好做某事，否定形式在to前面加not，所以第二空填not to have。故选B。17. A【解析】句意：Brown老师，我必须今天读完这本书么？没必要，截止日期是下个星期。考查情态动词。neednt没必要；cant不可能；mustnt禁止；shouldnt不应该。根据提问“Must I finish reading this book today.”以及回答“No.”可知，此处应用neednt，表示“没必要”。故选A。18. C【解析】句意：开车时使用手机是法律不允许的。我听

38、说过。我想我们开车的时候再小心也不为过。考查情态动词。may可能；should应该；can能，可以；must必须，一定。“can+否定词+be+ too+形容词”意为“再也不为过”。故选C。19. A【解析】句意：安的丈夫不在那里吗？不，不可能是他。我确定他不戴眼镜。考查情态动词。cant不可能；mustnt禁止；neednt不需要；may not也许不。根据后文“I am sure he doesnt wear glasses”可知，此处表示“不可能”是他。故选A。20. A【解析】句意：天气太糟糕了。我不得不待在家里看电视，而不是去购物。考查情态动词辨析。had to不得不（侧重于客观需要

39、）；must必须（侧重于主观态度）；can能够；should应该。根据“The weather was too bad”可知，因为天气不好，不得不待在家里，故选A。21. A【解析】句意：过马路的时候我们必须遵守交通规则。考查情态动词的用法。must必须；may可以；can能，可以；need需要，遵守交通规则是必须要做到的，故选A。22. C【解析】句意：在盱眙的一些道路上，汽车必须让路给行人，否则司机将被罚款。考查情态动词。can能；may可以； must 必须；would会，将。根据下文“or the drivers will be fined.”可知，此处是必须给行人让路。故选C。23.

40、 B【解析】句意：你禁止在红灯时过马路。考查情态动词。must必须；mustnt禁止；can能；cannot不能。根据“on a red light”可知，此处是禁止穿过马路。故选B。24. C【解析】句意： 明天我必须还这本书吗？ 不，你不必。你可以借到下周。考查情态动词。cant不可以；mustnt禁止；neednt不需要；shouldnt不应该。根据“Must I return this book tomorrow?”可知，对must的否定回答，用neednt和dont have to回答，结合选项，needt符合句意。故选C。25. C【解析】句意：朱迪，你又买了一个新包。你已经有很多

41、了。我认为一个女人的包再多也不嫌多。考查情态动词。may可能；should应该；can能，可以；must必须。“情态动词can +否定词.too”表示“再也不过分”。这里表示“包再多也不会觉得多”。故选C。26. B【解析】句意：我正骑车在街上，突然，一辆汽车插进来把我撞倒了。你在街上怎么小心也不为过。考查情态动词辨析。should 应该；can 可能；may 也许；must 必须。can never be too“再都不为过”。故选B。 27. C【解析】句意：我们现在必须打扫教室吗？不，你不必。下午放学后可以打扫。考查情态动词。must必须；mustnt禁止；neednt不必；dont h

42、ave to不必；must构成的一般疑问句通常否定回答时用neednt或dont have to，本题的最后一句是被动句，结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，故选C。28. D【解析】句意：一般来说，过了这么长的时间，是不可能有任何幸存者了。可是，还是发现了两名活着的年轻人。生命真的是神秘的！考查情态动词。cant不可能；mustnt禁止；may可能；alive活着的，多作表语或补语；living活着的，作定语；dead死的；第一空表示长时间后不可能有幸存者，表示不可能用cant；根据生命是神秘的可推测两个年轻人是活着的，第二空用alive，故选D。29. A【分析】【解析】句意：这是谁的帽子

43、？是辛迪的吗？ 不可能是她的。你不记得她根本没有来参加聚会吗？考查情态动词。cant不能，不可能；might可能；could可以；must必须。根据“Dont you remember she even didnt come to the party?”可知，帽子不可能是辛迪的，表有把握的否定推测，应用cant+动词原形。故选A。30. C【解析】句意：前中国女排教练郎平说：“作为一名运动员，你无论多么努力都不为过”。考查情态动词。mustnt禁止；neednt没必要；cant不能；shouldnt不应该。cant.too.怎样都不为过，固定搭配。根据“you.be too hard-work

44、ing.”可知，此处表示“无论怎样努力都不为过”。故选C。31. A【解析】句意：我们老师经常建议我们在纸的两面写字。考查固定句型。suggest后跟的是省略that的宾语从句；本题考查固定用法suggest (that) sb. (should) do sth.建议某人做某事，故选A。32. D【解析】句意：在中国，所有乘客在乘坐公共交通工具时必须佩戴防护口罩。考查情态动词。should应该；need需要；can可以；must必须。根据“wear protective masks”和生活常识可知，是必须要佩戴防护口罩，因此must符合句意。故选D。33. B【解析】句意：我今天必须擦窗户吗？

45、不，你不必。你可以明天再做。考查情态动词。cant不可能；neednt不必；mustnt禁止；shouldnt不应该。must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答是dont have to或neednt，故选B。34. A【解析】句意：我父亲在办公室工作了一整天，所以他现在一定很累了。考查情态动词。must一定；need需要；should应该；may可能。根据“My father has worked in the office all day, so he.be very tired now.”可知，此处表示肯定推测，用must。故选A。35. A【解析】句意：听！Carla正在隔壁房间演奏二胡。不可

46、能是Carla。她去北京看望她的叔叔了。考查情态动词。can not一定不能，有把握的否定推测； must一定，有把握的肯定推测；need需要；shall将要。根据“She has gone to Beijing to visit her uncle.”可知，此处是有把握的否定推测，一定不是Carla，故选A。36. A【解析】句意：我刚才好像在学校艺术俱乐部见过你哥哥。一定是他。他是俱乐部的成员，按时参加。考查情态动词。must一定；could能；might可能；cant不可能，根据前面的“I seemed to see your brother in the school art club

47、 just now”和后面的“He is a member of the club and takes part in it on time”可知，此处应该是一定是他，故选A。37. A【解析】句意：李老师，这句话怎么了？语法错误。你不能说“Youd better not to shout in the library.”考查词汇辨析及固定句型。grammatical mistake语法错误；spelling mistake拼写错误；punctuation mistake标点错误；missing word缺词；根据“Youd better not to shout in the library

48、.”可知，句子结构是错误的，Youd better后接动词原形而不是不定式，所以句子应该是语法错误，故选A。38. B【解析】句意：太晚了。既然你累了，你最好停止学习，好好休息一下。考查情态动词和非谓语动词。“youd better do sth.”表示“你最好做某事”，had better是情态动词，后接动词原形，排除CD选项；stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做另一件事”，stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”，根据“Now that you are tired, youd better.and have a good rest.”可知，此处表示停止学习，用stop

49、 studying。故选B。39. B【解析】句意：这次请你少点菜，把盘子里的菜都吃光好吗？当然了，谢谢提醒。考查情态动词。May可以（与第二人称连用，表示祝福）；Could能；Must必须；Should应该。Could you please?“请你做某事好吗？”，表示委婉的请求。故选B。40. A【解析】句意：这是谁的发带？它肯定属于Marry。考查特殊疑问句及情态动词用法。Whose谁的；Whos谁是。句中已有be动词，此处用Whose提问，问是谁的发带；情态动词must后接动词原形。故选A。41. A【解析】句意：谁在隔壁房间唱歌？是露西吗？不可能是她。她刚刚去了纽约。考查情态动词。ca

50、nt不可能；must必须；mustnt表禁止；can能，根据问句的“Is it Lucy?”和后面的“She has gone to New York”可知，应该是不可能是Lucy，用cant，故选A。42. B【解析】句意：现在是8：30，但是为什么丽莎没有出现？我不确定，但我想她一定迟到了。考查情态动词辨析。can能、可以；must一定、必须；need需要；might可能。根据前句“Im not sure.”和but的提示可知，后句应是：我想她一定迟到了，故空处应用must。故选B。43. B【解析】句意：玛丽，来吃你的早餐。 妈妈，我现在必须走了，否则我就赶不上校车了。考查情态动词。may可能；must必须；can可以；might可能。根据“or I will miss the school bus”可知，此处表示现在必须走了。故选B。