1、1illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图illustration n插图；图示；解释illustrative adj.解释性的；说明的2precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的preciousness n宝贵；可贵3marry vt.结婚；嫁；娶married adj.已婚的marriage n结婚；婚姻4major adj.主要的；重要的majority n大部分；大多数5reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用rejection n拒绝接受；否决6appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n约会；预约；约定；任命；委任7elect vt.选举；推选e
2、lection n选举；推选；当选8energy n精力；活力energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的9wait vt.&vi.等；等待waiter n男服务员waitress n(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者10scholar n学者；奖学金获得者n.scholarship n奖学金1moral adj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意You should follow the traditional moral standards.道德的The play was considered an affront to public morals.道德And the moral is t
3、hat crime doesnt pay.寓意2tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于；往往会Women tend to live longer than men.往往会Prices have tended downwards over recent years.倾向；趋于The nurse is tending the injured.照顾Words and Phrasescarry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关(教材P16)These words of Dr.Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amaz
4、ing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。例1His determination carried him through the hard times.他靠坚强的信心度过了这段艰难的岁月。例2It was your help that carried them through the hardest time in the foreign country.就是你的帮助使他们度过了在国外最艰难的日子。知识拓展carry
5、 sb.back to sth.使回想起；使回忆carry off 赢得；获得；成功地对付carry on 继续移动carry out 实施；执行；落实carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现即学即练单句语法填空Its a difficult job but shes the person to carry it throughWe should carry out the plan strictly and carefully.We hope that more artists will carry on and develop the folk art.He carried
6、 off most of the prizes.majority n大部分；大多数(教材P16)At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.十八岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻道路，而是选择了学医。例1Our country is a traditional agricultural society，with a majority of farming population.我们的国家是一个传统
7、的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。例2The majority of the students hold the view that its convenient to go to school by electric bike.大多数学生持有以下观点：骑电动车上学很方便。知识拓展(1)be in the/a majority占大部分/大多数(2)minority n. 少数be in the minority 占少数(3)major n& v. 主修；专业major in 主修；以为专业即学即练单句语法填空Only a small number of people in that city d
8、o not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.The majority of the land has been destroyed(destroy) so far.Some of the plays told sad stories，but the majority of the plays were(be) really funny.名师点津(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。(2)the majority ofcomplain vi.&vt.抱怨；发
9、牢骚(教材P16)“Why should girls learn so much？Finding a good husband should be their final goal！”her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.“女孩子读那么多书干嘛？找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”想到高额的学费，她的哥哥抱怨道。例1He never complained about working overtime.他从来不抱怨加班。例2Mrs. Jones complained to the doctor that her back alw
10、ays hurts her.琼斯太太向医生诉说她背部老是痛。知识拓展(1)complain to sb. about sth.向某人抱怨某事(2)complaint n. 抱怨，投诉名师点津complain 不能直接跟sb.作宾语，应加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，apologize(道歉)等。即学即练单句语法填空He phoned a newspaper reporter to complain about the reporters story.Jane is my best friend and I can complain to her
11、when I am unhappy.Id like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint(complain)respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应(教材P16)She responded，“Id rather stay single to study all my life！”她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学习！”例1Clive responded to my suggestion with a laugh.克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。例2The teacher responded ye
12、s to the question that student put forward.老师对那个学生提出的问题做了肯定的回答。知识拓展response n反应；回答；回复in response to 对做出反应make (a) response to 回答/响应；对做出反应即学即练单句语法填空The disease quickly responded to the treatment.In response to the audiences great demand，the play will/would be put on in the theatre twice a week.He mad
13、e no response(respond) to my suggestion，which made me very disappointed.小片段助记He came up with the suggestion on the question at the meeting last night.Some people quickly responded to the suggestion while the majority of them present at the meeting made no response to it.So they decided to have anoth
14、er meeting in response to the question.appoint vt.任命；委派(教材P16)In 1941，Dr.Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital.1941年，林医生被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任，成为该院第一位中国女性主任例1Do they appoint him as the secretary?他们任命他为秘书了吗？例2They have appointed a new h
15、eadteacher at my sons school.我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。知识拓展(1)appoint sb.as/to be任命某人为appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事(2)appointment n. 任命，约会make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约keep/break an appointment 守/违约即学即练单句语法填空He was appointed(appoint) general manager for his rich experience.They appoint Tom to tak
16、e(take) charge of all the activities on that day.If you want to see the doctor，youd better have an appointment(appoint) with him in advance.小片段助记Whenever you make appointments with others，make sure you have understood all the details and try to get there a few minutes before the appointed time.tend
17、vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于(教材P17)She was more interested in tending patients.她更感兴趣的是治病救人例1The old tend to be cheated easily.老年人更容易被欺骗。例2She tended (to) her husband carefully during his illness.丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。知识拓展(1)tend (to) sb./sth.照顾/护理/看护某人/某物(2)tendency n. 倾向There is a tendency(for sb.)to do sth.(sb.) h
18、ave/has a tendency towards sth./to do sth. (某人)倾向于(做)某事名师点津“照料，护理”的多种表达法：look after/take care of/keep an eye on/attend (to)即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子While I hate to admit it，people always tend to judge(judge) a person by his or her appearance initially.There is a slow tendency(tend) that“the beat culture”is po
19、pular with the youths in China.我写信真诚地感谢在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士。Im writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms. Wang who tended my mother in the hospital.小片段助记Now there is a tendency for more and more young people to take exercise in the gym.Because there are some trainers tending to you when you are in trouble
20、 there.Youd better not go there at about 6：00，since it tends to get very crowded then.scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓(教材P17)She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.在面试时，她太害怕了，完全忘了应该如何回答问题。例1It scared me to think I was alone in the building.想到楼
21、里只有我一个人我挺害怕的。例2We are always facing the problem of scaring birds away from airport runways.我们总是面临着如何把鸟从机场跑道吓跑的问题。知识拓展(1)scare sb./sth. away/off把某人/某物吓跑be scared to death 吓得要死(2)scared adj. 害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐惧的be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人或某事be scared to do sth. 不敢去做某事(3)scaring adj. 令人害怕的即学即练单句语法填空Most of us
22、are eager for success and scared of failure.The poor girl was so scared(scare) that she nearly burst into tears.He was scared to death(die) on seeing the terrifying scene.That scaring(scare) movie was so terrifying that Mark felt frightened at the thought of it.replace vt.接替；取代；更换(教材P17)The student
23、union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.学生会将在一月召开一个特别会议，来选举一个人接替这位秘书。例1Its good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never replace your own culture.喜欢并向其他的文化学习很好，但是它们永远无法替代你自己的文化。例2They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive
24、new sports cars.他们用昂贵的新跑车取代了心爱的旧车。知识拓展(1)replace A with/by B用B取代Areplace sb.as. 取代某人成为(2)take the place of sb.take sb.s place 代替某人in place of 代替in place 在适当的位置，恰当的即学即练单句语法填空It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in class.She cant attend the meeting，so her ass
25、istant will take the place of her.Now that these basics were in place，I was ready to go all out to carry out the plan.Sentence Patterns否定词与比较级连用表示最高级意义(教材P16)To a person nothing is more precious than their life.对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了句式分析否定词比较级“没有比更；没有像一样”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。例
26、1Mr.Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a better boss.为史蒂文森先生工作真好我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。例2As far as Im concerned，nothing is more important than hard study.就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。知识拓展(1)比较级than(2)can/couldnever/notbe即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never
27、 been to a more exciting(exciting) one before.Tom is more intelligent(intelligent) than any other student in his class.Remember，no one is better(good) than you and no one is smarter(smart) than you.他们认为读原版书是最快乐的事。They think nothing is more enjoyable than reading books in the original.(用比较级)They thin
28、k reading books in the original is the most enjoyable thing.(用最高级)would rather do sth.宁愿做某事(教材P16)She responded，“Id rather stay single to study all my life！”她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学习！”句式分析句中would rather (not) do sth.意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。例1He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。例2Nowadays
29、 more and more people would rather not live in big cities.现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。知识拓展名师点津(1)使用would rather.than.句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。(2)would rather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译She would rather you came(come) tomorrow than today.I would rather you had finished(finish) your homewo
30、rk yesterday.简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。Jane is a quiet girl，who would rather stay in the library than go to see a movie.(would rather.than)Jane is a quiet girl，who prefers to stay in the library rather than go to see a movie.(prefer to.rather than)Jane is a quiet girl，who prefers staying in the libr
31、ary to going to see a movie.(prefer.to)1To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying Im cold，hungry or tired?分析本句为并列句，由and连接，在后一个句子中，有if引导的条件状语从句，并且saying在后一句中作伴随状语。译文对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能辜负他们的信任，说自己
32、冷了、饿了或者累了？2She greatly impressed her American colleagues，who invited her to stay.Dr.Lin，however，rejected the offer.分析本句为并列句，however表示转折。在前一个句子中有一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰colleagues。译文美国同行对她印象极佳，邀请她留下。但是，林医生谢绝了邀请。教材高考1.She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for wome
33、n and children，and training the next generation of doctors.(2020浙江卷)And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.(2020全国卷)The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.2.Dr.Lin did not retire until the day
34、 she died，22 April 1983.(2019全国卷).she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.3.The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.(2020全国卷)Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every d
35、ay.单句语法填空1As we all know，nothing is more precious(precious) than health.2She responded(respond) to my question after a while.3The majority of the people were/are(be) in favour of the suggestion at the meeting.4He rejected(reject) the offer of studying in America and settled down to his work at home.
36、5At last he was appointed(appoint) as manager of the company.6He has worked the land for about 4 decades(decade) since he graduated from the college.7People tend to buy(buy) daily supplies on the Internet.8So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared(scare)9It gives the o
37、ld man great pleasure to meet these energetic(energy) young people.10All existing models will be replaced(replace) with the new design eventually.短语填空moral dilemma；carry sb.through sth.；in the majority；tuition fees；in response to；resident physician；tend to；replace.with；be scared of；would rather1When
38、 he met with the moral dilemma，he didnt know how to deal with it.2The little girl was scared of staying at home alone at night.3We decided to replace Li Lei with Tom as our monitor.4Girls tend to like playing dolls while boys like playing guns.5I would rather go out tonight，if you dont mind.6They to
39、ok immediate action in response to the students great demand.7The Chinese people are in the majority in the sports meet held in Wuhan.8He took a parttime job to afford the high tuition fees while studying in England.9Your generous help carried me through the ordeal.10She was hired as a resident phys
40、ician in the OBGYN department after she graduated from the medical college.课文语法填空As Dr.Lin Qiaozhi said，“To a person nothing is 1.more precious(precious) than their life.”These words of her give us a look into the heart of the amazing woman and 2.what carried her through a life of hard choices.At ag
41、e 18，she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 3.marriage(marry) like the majority of girls.Once she 4.responded(respond) to her brothers complaint，“Id rather 5.stay(stay) single to study all my life.”At age 26，she 6.was hired(hire) as a resident physician in the OBGYN
42、 department of the PUMC Hospital immediately she graduated.After 7.working(work) for a few years，she was sent to study abroad，where she 8.rejected(reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.In 1941，she was appointed director of the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital，9.but later，the department was closed because of the war.So she opened 10.a private clinic to help the people in need.