季课程外研版高一英语 语法回顾冠词和形容词的正确使用教案.doc

1、2019年秋季课程外研版高一英语第16讲：语法回顾冠词和形容词的正确使用一、课程介绍 知识点 1. 形容词副词的句法功能 2. 形容词副词的比较等级 3. 定冠词、零冠词的使用 教学重点 1. 形容词作定语、表语、补语、状语 2. 倍数表达法 3. 冠词的区分 教学难点 1. 倍数表达法 2. 抽象名词具体化二、要点回顾 .知识回顾1 时间状语从句连接词2 地点状语从句连接词3 原因状语从句连接词4 条件状语从句连接词【答案】1. When ,while ,as ,(not)until ,as soon as, before, since 2. Where ,wherever 3. Becau

2、se, as ,since ,now that 4. If ,as long as,once ,unless .活用句型 翻译下列句子1. 我回来之前，你哪都别去。 _.2. 有水的地方就有生命。 _.3. 既然你有了这么好的机会，就要充分利用。 _.4. 如果明天下雨，我就在家呆着了 _.【答案】1. Dont go anywhere before I come back. 2. Where there is water, there is a life.3. Since youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.4.

3、 I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.三、知识精要 语法知识列表【语法点一】形容词副词的句法功能 形容词作定语、表语、补语、状语【语法点二】形容词副词比较等级的用法 倍数表达法【语法点三】定冠词零冠词使用需要使用定冠词the的几种类型不需要使用冠词的几种类型四、要点讲练【要点1】形容词的句法功能 1. . 用作表语Everyone was happy. 每个人都很高兴。He is interested in watching TV. 他对看电视感兴趣。2. 用作定语He is an honest student. 他是个诚实的学生。The youn

4、g man is her boy friend. 这个小伙子是她的男朋友。3. 用作宾语补足语He pushed the door open. 他把门推开了。We found the problem very difficult. 我们发现这个问题很难。The problem was found very difficult. 4. 用作状语He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他回到家里，又饿又累。I went there full of joy. 我兴高采烈地去了那儿。He sat in the corner, silent. 他坐在角落里，一言不发。【例题

5、】 The new secretary is _ and therefore the manager is satisfied with the work. A. effective B. efficient C. specific D. sufficient【解析】 新秘书是一个很有能力的人，因此经理对他的工作很满意。Efficient意为“有能力的，效率高的”故选B。【答案】B【即学即用】1. 用live的正确形式填空 His parents are still _ though they are badly ill. Tomorrow we will watch a _ football

6、 match together. 【答案】alive live【知识拓展】live现场直播的alive活着的（用作表语或后置定语）lively活泼的【要点2】副词的句法功能1. 作状语，Igotoschoolveryearlyeveryday.2. 作定语Thepeoplehereareveryfriendly.3. 作表语Classisover.4. 作宾语补足语Pleaseletmein.【例题】The shoes are _small for me. A. Much too B. Too much C. Many too D. Too many【解析】Too much意为“太多”，muc

7、h too意为“很，非常”因此选A【答案】A【即学即用】用hard的正确形式填空 His sister works very _ to make more progress. He _ becomes a pilot due to his poor eyesight. 【答案】hard hardly【知识拓展】hardHard副词意思“努力”，形容词意为“困难的，硬的”hardly副词，意为“几乎不”【要点3】倍数表达法1. 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as + 其他。这种结构又常演变成下列两类：倍数 + as + many + 可数名词复数 + as；倍数 + as +muc

8、h + 不可数名词 + as。如：There are seven times as many people as I expected.是我预料的人数的七倍。There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。2. 倍数 + 形容词（或副词）的比较级 + than + 其他。如：The hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅的面积比我们教室大五倍。3. 倍数 + the size / height / length / w

9、idth. etc. + of + 其他。如：This road is six times the length of that one. 这条路是那条路的六倍长。【例题】It is reported that the United States uses_energy as the whole of Europe.A.as twiceB.twice muchC.twice much asD.twice as much【解析】根据表达法“倍数 + as +much + 不可数名词 + as，energy为不可数名次，因此选D项【答案】D【即学即用】他跑得比我快三倍。这条路是那条路的六倍长【答案

10、】He runs faster than me by three times. This road is six times the length of that one. 【知识拓展】常见的表示量度的名词：length，width，height，depth，weight【要点4】一.零冠词用法归纳1. 用于复数名词前复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词.如：Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规.2. 用于不可数名词前不可数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词.如：Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的.

11、3. 用于专有名词前在通常情况下,专有名词前要用零冠词.如：Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语.4. 用于某些单数可数名词前单数可数名词前在某些特殊情况下用零冠词,如用作呼语时、表示家庭成员时、用于表示“变成”的连系动词 turn, go 之后作表语时、用于倒装的让步状语从句中时等.如：Can I tell Father about it? 这事我可以告诉爸爸吗? 5. 用于抽象化的可数名词前有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词.如Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了.6. 用于职务及

12、头衔前当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词.如：Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统.7. 用于球类运动前Lets go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧.8. 其他用零冠词的场合按英语习惯,在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前,通常用零冠词.如：We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣.Wont you stay and take lunch with us? 留在这儿吃午饭好吗?8. 用于某些固定结构中go

13、 to sea 去当水手 at home 在家at night 在晚上 at least 至少at most 至多 at first 首先at last 最后 in bed 在床上on foot 步行 face to face 面对面二.定冠词用法归纳1. 表示特指定冠词表示特指,既可特指上文提到过的人或事物,也可特指谈话双方都清楚的人或事物,还可特指受后置定语或定语从句修饰的人或事物.如：There I met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a great deal. 在那儿我遇到一个老外,这个老外帮了我不少忙.2. 表示类别(1) 概括整个

14、类属：定冠词与单数可数名词连用可以概括整个类属,有时还可以与某些形容词连用表示整个属.如：The computer is a great invention. 计算机是一项伟大的发明.(2) 与某些形容词连用,表示一类人或一类事物.如：the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the wealthy 富人the old 老人 the aged 老人 the young 年轻人the sick 病人 the brave 勇敢的人 the weak 弱者3. 表示世上独一无二的事物这里说的世上独一无二的事物主要指the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, t

15、he universe, the world, the atmosphere(大气层)等东西.如：4. 连用序数词和最高级序数词和形容词最高级前通常要用定冠词,副词最高级前可用定冠词,也可不用.如：It was the best result theyve ever had. 这是他们历来取得的最好成绩.5. 用于某些专有名词前如用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前,以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前.如：the Yellow River 黄河 the Red Sea 红海the Indian Ocean

16、 印度洋 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉大沙漠 the United States 美国6. 用于乐器名词前当乐器名词表示演奏时,其前通常要用定冠词.如：She likes playing the piano. 她喜欢弹钢琴.These two pianos are very cheap. 这两架钢琴很便宜.7. 用于姓氏的复数之前定冠词有时可用于表示姓氏的复数前,表示全家人或全家中两个或两个以上的人.如：None of us here like the Smiths. 我们这里没有人喜欢史密斯一家人.8. 用于逢整十数词的复数前定

17、冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前,表示世纪中的年代.如：He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方.9. 用在某些习惯用语中at the same time 同时 by the way 顺便问一句for the present 暂时 go to the cinema 看电影in the end 最后 in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道in the least 一点,丝毫 in the open 在野外in the past 在过去 in the long run从长远来看【例题】1._ sun rises in _ east 2.W

18、hat does this _ word mean， _ Father？【解析】1.第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 2.指示代词不能与定冠词连用。【答案】1.The；the。 2.；【即学即用】1. Washington is _ capital of _ USA2. _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 【答案】1. the；the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 2. The；the，。第一空用the是因为在河

19、流名称的前面用定冠词；第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词；第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。【知识拓展】一、定冠词使用口诀：世界独一二次见,序语形容高级前.富人伤员按天算,方位乐器影剧院.群岛河山江湖海,沙漠海峡与海湾.阶级党派国家名,普专复合姓氏前.组织团体和机关,朝代、会议及报刊.双知年代击中脸,指特事物及习惯.二、零冠词的用法口诀月季星期节假洲,呼语头衔职务前,三餐球类惯用语,学科棋类名词前.【链接高考】 【2019福建】The“ChineseDream”is_dreamtoimprovepeopleswell-beingand_dreamofharmony,pe

20、aceanddevelopment.A A.the;aB.a;aC.a;theD.the;the 2019安徽卷 My good performance in the job interview left me_ about my future and about what I can do here. Apuzzled BSensitive Coptimistic Dembarrassed 2019浙江卷 Joe is proud and _，never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. A

21、strict Bsympathetic Cstubborn Dsensitive 【答案】 B 考查冠词。根据句意，中国梦是一个的梦和一个的梦，可知，两空都用不定冠词a，答案选B C考查形容词词义辨析。根据good performance可知选optimistic。puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；embarrassed尴尬的。句意：我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对我的未来以及我在这里能做什么持乐观的态度。故选C。 C考查形容词辨析。句意：乔不仅傲慢而且固执，他从不承认他的错，总是怪别人。stubborn意为“固执的，固执己见的”， 符合语境。strict严格的；sympathet

22、ic富有同情心的；sensitive敏感的。故选C项。五、双基达标1. 词汇练习 1. Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was_alive.A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently 2.Listening is thus an active, not a_, behavior consisting of hearing, unders

23、tanding and remembering.A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. Passive 3.Little Tom sat_watching the monkey dancing in front of him. A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze 4.It was_of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. A. carelessB. considerateC. patientD. generous 5.Th

24、e police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case. A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial 7.Im so _ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. A. specialB. superiorC. gratefulD. attractive 【答案】 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C2. 冠词填空 Once

25、_ man wanted to go from one side of _rover to the other in _boat.He had to take with him _sheep,_wolf and _basket of vegetables.But he could take only one of them a time,beceuse _boat was very small.If I leave _wolf and sheep together,_wolf may eat _sheep.he said to himselfIf I leave _sheep and _veg

26、etables together,_sheeo may eat _vegetables.He thought and thought.At last,he had _idea.And he was able to _other side of _river with _sheep,_wolf and the vegetables.Do you know how he did it? 答案 ：Once _a_ man wanted to go from one side of _a_river to the other in _a_boat.He had to take with him _a_

27、sheep,_a_wolf and _a_basket of vegetables.But he could take only one of them a time,beceuse _the_boat was very small.If I leave _the_wolf and sheep together,_the_wolf may eat _the_sheep.he said to himselfIf I leave _the_sheep and _the_vegetables together,_the_sheep may eat _the_vegetables.He thought

28、 and thought.At last,he had _an_idea.And he was able to go to _the_other side of _the_river with _the_sheep,_the_wolf and the vegetables.Do you know how he did it? 3. 习文练笔 题目要求 假定你是一名高中生,一次一位外国朋友问你,除了在学校学习英语之外还有什么其他途径练习英语.请你根据提示用英语写出你参加“英语角”的情况.提示1:英语角于两年前成立,许多中学生参加,有时也有些大学生和外国友人来此.2:活动时间：每周六下午.3:活动

29、内容：练习英语口语,谈论大家共同感兴趣的事情,交流学习英语的经验等.4:谈你参加此活动的体会. 思路点拨 1时态：主要为一般现在时和一般过去时；人称：一般用第一人称。 2. 所给提示要写全词汇热身 英语角 _ 口语_【答案】English corner oral/spoken English 句式温习1英语角成立于两年前。（被动语态）2 我得到了练习口语的机会。【答案】1.English corner was founded two years ago 2. I get the opportunities to practice my oral English连句成篇_【参考范文】 Apart

30、 from learning the curriculum English at school, I also attend the English corner every Saturday morning. This English corner was founded two years ago with many high school students taking part. As university students and foreigners sometimes come here as well, it has become a fantastic place for l

31、earning English in a more efficient and practical way. By communicating with contemporaries and experts in English, I get the opportunities to practice my oral English, share experience in learning English, and talking about things where we share the same interest. Being a regular participant in the

32、 English corner now, I improved my English not only in the language itself, but also in terms of the culture of the language, which provides me with more understanding of what and how to learn. Ill certainly continue sticking to the corner every Saturday, hoping someday becoming an expert in English

33、 learning just like some of my English-corner-friends.六、单元自测1. 句子翻译1. 他又惊又喜站起来领奖.2. 这张桌子比那一张长了两倍3. 这是我听到的最有趣的故事了。（否定词+比较级）【答案】 1. He stood up and accepted the prize, surprised and happy 2.This table is twice longer than that one 3I have never heard a more interesting story before. 4.2. 知识运用1）完形填空Dea

34、r Seth,You are only three years old, and at this point in your life you are not able to understand this letter. But some day when you_1_, I hope you will find something _2_in what I am going to share with you.Life can be _3_ . There will be people in your life who wont be very nice. Theyll _4_ you b

35、ecause you are different, _5_for no good reason . You will also face heartbreak and might be _6_ by those you love. I hope you dont have to face these too much , but such things _7_.Be open to life anyway. Youll find cruelty(残忍) and_8_in your journey through life , but dont let that_9_ you from find

36、ing new things . Dont retreat （退却）from life , and dont _10_ or wall yourself off . Be open to new things , new experiences ,and new people . You will _11_ many times ,but if you allow that to stop you from trying , you will _12_ many chances . Do remember failure is a stepping stone to _13_. You wil

37、l meet many people who will try to do _14_ than you , in school, in college, and at work. Theyll try to have nicer cars, bigger houses, nicer clothes, and so on. . To _15_ , life is a competition.However, I believe life is a _16_. If you always try your best to _17_ others, you are wasting your life

38、 . Learn to enjoy your life_18_ and you will make it a journey of _19_ ,of learning and of love.Finally , know that I love you and always will. You are _20_ a really wonderful journey , and I will always be there for you.LoveDad1:Agrow upBshow upC cheer upDgive up2:AfamiliarBvaluableCnormalDinterest

39、ing3:AunkindBpeacefulCequalDsimple4:Alook atBrun afterClaugh atDlook after5:AifBbutCsoDor6:AhurtBfoundCacceptedDimpressed7:AmatterBworkCdisappearDhappen8:AluckBpainCdifferenceDhope9:AprotectBencourageCstopDchoose10:AforgiveBstruggleCcompeteDhide11:AleaveBprepareCescapeDfail12:AenjoyBtryCmissDmeet13:

40、AsuccessBlifeCactionDsorrow14:AearlierBbetterClessDfaster15:AyouBmeChimDthem16:AchallengeBdramaCjourneyDdream17:AchangeBpardonCfollowDbeat18:AsomewhereBinsteadCafterwardsDthough19:AcrueltyBdangerChappinessDquietness20:AstartingBdestroyingCfinishingDreplacing答案: 1- 5 ABACD 6- 10 ADBCD 11- 15 DCABD 16

41、- 20 CDBCA2）阅读理解 When women sit together to watch a movie on TV, they usually talk simultaneously（同时的）about a variety of subjects, including children, men, careers and what s happening in their lives. When groups of men and women watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to sh

42、ut up. Men can either talk or watch the screen - they can t do both - and they don t understand that women can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships - not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen. During th

43、e ad breaks, a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going. He is unable, unlike women, to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally. Since women originally spent their days with the

44、 other women and children in the group, they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends. For men, to talk is to relate the facts. Men see the telephone as a

45、communication tool for sending facts and information to other people, but a woman sees it as a means of bonding. A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours. There is no convincing evidence that

46、social conditioning, the fact that girls mothers talked them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked to and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Sci

47、entific evidence shows parents res the brain bias of their children. Since a girl s brain is better organized to send and receive speech ,we therefore talk to them more. Consequently, mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply.1.While watching TV

48、with others, women Usually talk a lot because they_A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friendsB. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same timeC. think they can have a good time and develop relationshipsD. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands2. After

49、 a vacation with her girlfriend, a woman would talk to her again on the phone for hours in order to_ .A. experience the happy time again B. keep a close tie with herC. recommend her a new scenic spot D. remind her of something forgotten3. What does the author want to tell us most?A. Women s brains a

50、re better organized for language and communicationB. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men.C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts.D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking.4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage

51、?A. Women Are Socially Trained to Talk B. Talking Maintains RelationshipsC, Women Love to Talk D. Men Talk Differently from Women5. Where is this passage adapted from?A. newspaper B. Science report C.textbook D. Entertainment journal答案:1-5 CBACB3. 书面表达前几天，一些同学就英语学习现状进行了一次讨论。发现有如下问题： 1. 对学习英语没有兴趣； 2.

52、 记忆单词有困难； 3. 怕出错，不敢参与小组讨论； 4. 阅读中不知如何处理生词； 5. 写作中 假如你是方华，在英语学习中也遇到了一些类似的问题，你以邮件的形式向英语报社的编辑（Bob）咨询，希望得到帮助。 要求： 1. 提出三个英语学习中的问题； 2. 可以参考以上提示，也可以根据自己实际适当发挥； 3. 中心突出，语意连贯，层次清晰书写规范； 4. 不少于80词， 5. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Bob, Im very pleased to write to you, _ Yours, Fang Hua参考范文：Dear Bob, Im very pleased

53、to write to you, I know youre an expert in English learning. Ive so many problems to trouble you now. English is so difficult that I nearly want to give it up! In English class I cant follow my teacher because of the poor listening. Also I cant remember the words clearly. Although I spend much time

54、on it, I still cant use words in the right way. Whats worse, when I read English, I am often trapped in the unknown words. It stops me from receiving the main information. You can imagine what the result of my English learning is! Those worry me a lot. What should I do? Would you please help me? I will be very grateful to get your reply. Yours, Fang Hua