1、冲刺薄弱点(四)复合句类题名词性从句要点一主语从句中,为了使句子平衡,常借助it作形式主语,把主语从句放在后面;用that引导主语从句,尽管that没有词义,但也不能省略;从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。要点二宾语从句中,从句的语序为:疑问词+陈述句。要点三同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, idea, news, hope, belief等后,用于解析或说明前面的名词。引导同位语从句的连接词有that(不可省略),how, when, where等。要点四“特殊疑问词 + ever”是一个不可忽视的考查重点。whatever=anything that,在从句中作主语或宾语;whoever
2、= anyone who,在从句中作主语或宾语;whomever在从句中作宾语;whichever表示有一定的选择范围。要点五牢记what, where在名词性从句中的常规用法:1. what的用法(1) what是连词,what 在从句中充当主语,如what is needed,从句可充当主语、表语、宾语。What is needed is time.(主语)?需要的东西就是时间。This is what is needed.(表语)?这就是需要的东西。I dont know what is needed.(宾语)?我不知道需要什么。(2) what是连词,what 在从句中充当宾语,如wh
3、at he did,从句可充当主语、表语、宾语。What he did surprised all of us.(主语)?他做的事情使我们所有的人都惊奇。This is what he did.(表语)?这就是他做的事情。I dont know what he did.(宾语)?我不知道他做的事情。(3) what 是连词,what在从句中充当表语,如what water is,从句可充当主语、表语、宾语。What water is is known to us all.(主语)?水是什么是大家都知道的。What the little boy wants to know is what wat
4、er is.(表语)?小男孩想知道的是水是什么。Everybody knows what water is.(宾语)?人人都知道水是什么。2. where的用法where是连词,where在从句中充当地点状语,如where he worked,从句可充当主语、表语、宾语。Where he worked is not far from here.(主语)?他曾经工作的地方离这儿不远。This is where he worked.(表语)?这就是他曾经工作的地方。I know where he worked.(宾语)?我知道他曾经在哪儿工作。1. (2014湖南卷)As John Lennon
5、once said, life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A. whichB. that C. whatD. where2. (2014北京卷)Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. wheneverC. wherever D. however3. (2014大纲卷)Exactly the potato was introduced
6、into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whetherB. whyC. when D. how4. (2014福建卷)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whether【解题思路】1. C考查名词性从句中的表语从句。句意:正如约翰暳匈倒?:生活就是当你忙于制定其他的计划时所发生在你身上的事情。表语从句中缺少主语,所以用what引导表语从句,what在表语从句中作主语。B、D项在名词性从句中不作主
7、语;which在名词性从句中表示“哪一个”,有疑问的含义。故选C项。2. A考查“特殊疑问词+ever”引导的宾语从句。句意:一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。whatever has happened before or is happening now.是一个宾语从句,whatever引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语。B、C、D三项都属于副词的性质,都不能作主语,通常只能作状语。故选A项。3. C考查名词性从句中的主语从句。句意:土豆确切是在何时被引进到欧洲的还不确定,但是可能是在1565年左右。Exactly when the potato was intro
8、duced into Europe是主语。根据后半句it was probably around 1565可知,本句谈论的是时间。故选C项。4. B考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。句意:站起来!有了勇气,你才可以去做你不敢做的事情。what在句中引导宾语从句,同时what在句中作动词do的宾语。A、C、D三项都不能在句中作宾语。故选B项。定语从句要点一如何选用关系代词和关系副词?关键看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。决不能只按先行词是地点名词就用where,先行词是时间名词就用when等。如果关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,要选择关系代词;如果关系词在从句中充当状语,要用关系副词。如:(1) I
9、 will never forget those years that we spent together.(2) I will never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers.要点二在非限制性定语从句中,which可以用来指代前面的整个句子。要点三介词+which/whom 的用法有四种:1. 代词all/both/none/neither/either of which/whom数词many/some/one/two/two-fifths/80 per cent of which/whom形容词最高
10、级+of which/whom例如:Here are two books, either of which you may choose.2. the+n.+of which/whom=whose +n.例如:This is the book, the cover of which is designed by Mr Green.3. 介词短语+which/whom/whose(1) There is a great pain in my left foot, because of which I can only limp along.(2) They arrived at a farmho
11、use, in front of which sat an old man.(3) They left out a letter while spelling the word, as a result of which the people were all confused at the meaning.4. 单个介词+which/whose+n.(1) He lived in London for three months, during which time he learned some English.(2) Our English teacher, with whose help
12、 we have made great progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching.要点四特殊先行词某些表示时间或者地点、场所的特殊先行词是高考定语从句考查的重点。1. 表示时间的先行词(1)名词occasion, time, age, hour, day, period等(2)常见搭配on (the) occasion 在这种场合、时机下at (that) time 在那时at (the) age 在那时,在那段时间,在那段岁月at (the) hour 在那时,在那段时间in/at this/the period
13、在这段时期,在这段时间He cant forget the period when he studied French with his teacher.2. 表示地点、场所的先行词(1) 名词situation, case, point等(2) 常见搭配in the/this situation 在这种情形、状况下in this case 在这种情形、状况下in/at the/this point 在这种情形下,在那种状况、处境下I couldnt remember the situation where he could manage the work himself.1.(2014安徽卷
14、) The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. which2. (2014湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. as B. whyC. when D. where3. (2014四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor ch
15、ildren, is quite unexpected.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it4. (2014陕西咸阳高三模拟)The official I thought would be seriously punished received a raise instead.A. whomeverB. whoeverC. who D. whom【解题思路】1. D句意:安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度假的确切时间是在2008年。本题定语从句的先行词是the exact year,后面的定语从句Angela and her family spent together in Chin
16、a中动词spent后面缺少宾语,所以使用关系代词which引导定语从句,并在从句中作宾语。关系副词when的先行词通常是表示时间的名词;where的先行词通常是指地点的名词;why的先行词是the reason。A、B、C三项通常在句中作状语。which在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。故选D项。2. C句意:我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读这本书并理解我对她的感情的那一天。先行词是the day,后面的定语从句结构非常完整,所以使用关系副词when在句中作时间状语,同时引导定语从句。故选C项。3. B句意:到现在为止,我们已经为贫穷的孩子募捐到了五万英镑,这一点是完全没有预料到的。本句中的关系
17、代词which指代前面主句的内容,引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句;who的先行词必须是人;it不能引导定语从句。故选B项。4. C句意:我认为会受到严厉惩罚的那位官员反而加薪了。分析句子结构可知,“(I thought) would be seriously punished”为定语从句,先行词为the official,在从句中作主语,I thought为插入语,故用who。 状语从句种类连接词及用法注意点时间状语主句表示将来意义时,从句需用一般现在时;while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的;until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的,而否定句中主句
18、动词为短暂性的。by the time 到为止 (与过去完成时、将来完成时连用)as soon as= the moment=the minute=immediately=directly=instantly=hardly.when=no sooner.than 一就hardly/scarcely had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth.no sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth.地点状语(1) where, wherever引导的状语从句位于动词后。We should go where the party needs
19、 us most.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(2) where引导的定语从句,放在名词后。Youd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.原因状语because语气最强;since较弱,表示大家都明了的原因;as又次之。条件状语if如果,假如unless除非 once一旦in case以防,万一as long as=so long as只要on condition that 条件是,假如suppose/supposing that假
20、如provided/providing that假如seeing that考虑到granting that 假定,假使saving that 除了,除非 assuming that假使admitting that 虽说,即使presuming that 假使 considering that考虑到 从句中动词时态不可用将来时,常用一般现在时代替。目的状语so that以便,为的是in order to=so as to为了in order that=so that为了for fear that=lest以免,唯恐 so that和in order that后常接may, should, cou
21、ld, would等情态动词。结果状语当so/such放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装。续表种类连接词及用法注意点比较状语方式状语as if=as though好像as if和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用。1. (2014江苏卷)Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.A. thoughB. as C. sinceD. unless2. (2014北京卷) the fo
22、rest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. As B. WhenC. Even thoughD. In case3. (2014湖南卷)You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.A. whenB. becauseC. afterD. unless【解题思路】1. A句意:尽管历史无法改变,但是(人们)可以(从中)吸取教训来面对未来。根据句意可知,上下句之间存在转折关系,所以使用though表示让步和转折。故选A项。2. C句意
23、:尽管那个森林公园很遥远,但是每年都有很多游客到那里参观。as:由于,因为,随着;when:当时;even though:即使,尽管;in case:以防。根据句意可知,上下句之间是转折关系,所以使用even though表示让步和转折。故选C项。3. D句意:如果你不完全投入工作,你永远都不会获得成功。本句中的unless相当于if.not.。及时训练(一)1. Such novelists as Tolstoy are widely read, of works, full of great humanity, however, some are difficult to understa
24、nd.A. whoseB. which C. whom D. what2. It is in the school he studied ten years ago he gave a wonderful speech.A. that; where B. where; thatC. where; where D. that; that3. Every year, a great many visitors come to visit the temple dating from the 12th century, has brought a large income. A. whichB. w
25、hatC. thatD. when4. The best times to visit Shangri-la are spring and autumn the temperature is at its mildest.A. whereB. on whichC. whenD. in that5. Three mountains, Meili, Baimang and Haba, are covered with snow, tower over the land.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as6. John enjoys football but he knows t
26、he fact he doesnt have it takes to be a professional.?A. that; thatB. which; whatC. what; thatD. that; what7. A person who has never tasted bitter wont know sweet is.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. why8. After months of a frustrating voyage on the rough sea, they eventually came to they called their “dream
27、 land”.A. whereB. whatC. howD. which9. It is important to introduce children to healthy nutritious foods from they begin to eat solids.A. whatB. whenC. thatD. which10. Weve given her some advice, but I dont know shell accept it.A. whatB. whereC. whetherD. which11. Provide your doctor with a detailed
28、 medical history he can give you accurate treatment.A. even ifB. in caseC. so that D. as though12. “Honesty is a virtue greed is an evil,” as the saying goes.A. whileB. when C. asD. and13. What impresses me most is he appears in front of others,he wears a sincere and charming smile.A. what B. whichC
29、. that whereD. that whenever14. you like the portable personal computer so much, why not buy one?A. So thatB. Now that C. Even ifD. In case15. there are certainly times when giving up trying is the right thing to do, in most cases all needed is commitment and communication.A. Unless B. BeforeC. Alth
30、ough D. Since【解题思路】1. A考查定语从句。句意:像托尔斯泰这样的小说家的作品读的人很多,然而他的充满了人性的作品中,一些很难理解。works和Tolstoy构成所属关系,故用whose作定语。2. B考查含有定语从句的强调句型。句意:就是在他十年前学习的学校里,他做了一次精彩的演讲。从结构判断,这是一个含有定语从句的强调句型,强调句型的特点是去掉it is和that后句子仍然完整;而school后是定语从句,从句是主谓结构,缺少状语,故选B项。3. A考查非限制性定语从句。句意:每年,很多游客来参观那座起源于12世纪的寺庙,这带来了巨大的收入。which是关系代词,代替前面句
31、子的内容,在非限制性定语从句中作主语。that也是关系代词,但不引导非限制性定语从句;when是关系副词,在定语从句中作状语,而这里缺少主语,所以排除C、D项;what不是定语从句的关系词,所以排除B项。故选A项。4. C考查定语从句。句意:去香格里拉游览的最佳时间是春天和秋天,在那个时候气温是最温和的。从句是“主系表”结构,缺少状语,因为先行词是时间,排除A项;介词后不能跟that引导定语从句,排除D项;而在某个季节,介词应该用in,排除B项。故选C项。5. C考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这三座白雪覆盖的高山梅里、白芒和哈巴拔地而起。此处是非限制性定语从句,排除A、B项。as引导非限制性定语
32、从句时,意为“正如,就像”;which引导非限制性定语从句时,意为“这,这些”。故选C项。6. D考查名词性从句。第一空是同位语从句,that是一个连接词,在句中不充当任何成分,只起连接的作用;第二空what引导的是一个宾语从句,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to be a professional, what既是这个宾语从句的引导词,也是take的宾语。故选D项。7. B考查名词性从句。本句中的动词know后面是一个宾语从句,这个宾语从句的主语是sweet,系动词is后面缺少表语。which含有疑问的意思,表示具体范围之内的“哪一个”;when和why是连接副词,只能在句中作状语,
33、不能作表语。所以使用what,既引导这个宾语从句,又在宾语从句中作系动词is的表语。故选B项。8. B考查名词性从句。句意:经过数个月在波涛汹涌的大海上令人沮丧的航行之后,他们终于来到了他们称之为“梦之地”的地方。根据结构可知此处是介词to后面的宾语从句,从句中缺少call 的另一个宾语,判断用连接代词,which强调选择范围,而what强调内容。故选B项。9. B考查名词性从句。句意:从孩子可以吃固体食物开始就引导他们食用健康营养的食物是很重要的。when在此引导宾语从句,作介词from的宾语,且在从句中作时间状语。10. C考查宾语从句的引导词。通过but和dont know可以推断用wh
34、ether 引导宾语从句,表示“是否”。句意:我们给了她一些建议,但我不知道她是否会接受。11. C考查状语从句。句意:提供给你的医生一份详尽的病历,以便他可以给你准确的治疗。此处so that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便,为了”,符合句意。12. A考查并列句。句意:俗话说,“诚实是一种美德,而贪婪是一种罪恶。”while意为“而,然而”,根据句意可知,前后应为对比关系,故选A项。13. D考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“he appears.smile”为表语从句,其中包含一个时间状语从句,表示“无论他什么时候出现在别人面前”,故空格处填that whenever。?14. B考查状语
35、从句。句意:既然你这么喜欢手提电脑,你为什么不买一个呢?so that:以便;now that:既然;even if:即使;in case:以防,万一。15. C考查状语从句。句意:虽然有时候放弃尝试确实是对的,但是在大多数情况下都需要承诺和沟通。这两句话是转折关系,故用although,表示“虽然”。(二)1. Many people take pills to make sure they will achieve or maintain their desired weight it will lower their life expectancy(寿命).A. so thatB. in
36、 that C. even if D. as if2. Catherines mother doesnt allow her to go anywhere outside the town another member of the family is along.A. withoutB. ifC. unlessD. with3. he visited, he wasted no time hearing farmers voices at home and in the fields.A. Each timeB. In caseC. Even if D. In time4. After th
37、e big earthquake, his house was completely , so he had to build a new one the old house stood.A. damaged; whichB. destroyed; whereC. ruined; whenD. hurt; that5. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi the bus had dropped her.A. untilB. whenC. althoughD. where6. The number of the students i
38、n senior high school, is mentioned above, is increasing.A. asB. whichC. whatD. who7. One possibility is that tears get rid of certain chemicals from your body build up during stress.A. to which B. thatC. where D. in which8. The beginning of the story is excellent, is the ending, leaves us much to th
39、ink.A. as; which B. so; thatC. as; that D. such; which9. The new CCTV Tower, shape is uniquely designed, is frequently visited by travellers.A. itsB. whichC. whereD. whose10. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whi
40、chD. from which11. Actually, works hard can be they want to be, whether it is a pilot, an engineer or a manager.A. anyone; whoeverB. no matter who; whoeverC. whoever; no matter whatD. whoever; whatever12. The organizers promised won the first prize would have a chance to go abroad.A. whoB. whom C. w
41、homeverD. whoever13. makes the school famous is more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; becauseD. That; what14. It was never clear the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. thatB. how C. whenD. why15. Is there any particular soup you
42、 would like to have? you select is all right with me.A. Whatever B. AnythingC. No matter whatD. Whichever【解题思路】1. C考查状语从句。句意:很多人吃药来确保他们达到或维持他们想要的体重,即使这会减少他们的寿命。so that:以便,为了;in that:因为;even if:即使;as if:好像。2. C考查状语从句。句意:凯瑟琳的母亲不允许她去镇外的任何地方,除非有家里其他人跟着一起。分析语境可知,unless another member of the family is alo
43、ng为unless引导的让步状语从句。故选C项。3. A考查状语从句。句意:每次他下乡,他都抓紧时间听听家里和田间农民的心声。each time:每次。名词作连词,引导时间状语从句。故选A项。4. B考查动词辨析和状语从句。句意:大地震过后,他的房子完全被毁了,所以他不得不在旧房子处盖一座新的。第一空考查动词的意义,表示“完全毁坏”可用destroy或ruin;第二空考查连接词。由句意推断,应用where引导地点状语从句。5. D考查状语从句。句意:过了半个小时,露西还没有在下车的地方打到的士。由句中had dropped确定不能选择A、B两项;C项不合语境。where引导地点状语从句,表示“
44、等的士的地点”,故选D项。6. A考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如上面提到的,高中的学生数量在增加。此处是非限制性定语从句,缺少主语,故用as指代上一句话的内容。as:正如,就像;which:这,这件事,这一点。根据句意可知选A项。7. B考查定语从句。句意:一种可能是眼泪能够清除掉身体处于压力下时积聚起来的某些化学物质。body后面是定语从句,从句缺少主语,用关系代词,故选B项。8. A考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这个故事的开头很好,结尾也是,这留给我们很多东西思考。第一空填as,引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中as作表语,也可以理解成as+be+主语,表示“也是”;第二空用which引导非限
45、制性定语从句,which在定语从句中作主语。故选A项。9. D考查定语从句。句意:新央视大楼的形状设计很独特,经常有游客前来参观。先行词是The new CCTV Tower,与shape之间是所属关系,故用whose。10. C考查非限制性定语从句。句意:对于世界上的很多城市,没有空间继续发展了。纽约就是其中的一个例子。本题的定语从句的先行词是many cities,of表示所属关系,which指代先行词在句中作of的宾语。故选C项。11. D考查名词性从句。句意:其实,努力工作可以成就他们一切,不管是当飞行员、做工程师,还是做经理。whoever引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语;whatev
46、er引导表语从句,并在从句中作表语。故选D项。12. D考查名词性从句。句意:组织者许诺凡是获得一等奖的人将有机会出国。promise后面是宾语从句,宾语从句中whoever引导的是主语从句,相当于anyone who。whomever可以引导主语从句,但是它在主语从句中作宾语;who,whom引导主语从句的时候,意思是“谁”。故选D项。13. B考查名词性从句。句意:使得这所学校出名的原因是这所学校90%的学生被大学录取。这个句子中含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句。第一空,引导词在主语从句中作主语,表示“什么”的意思,故用引导词what;第二空,引导词在表语从句中既不作任何成分,也没有什么实际意义,故用that。故选B项。14. D考查名词性从句。句意:那个人为什么没有早点儿报告这次事故,其原因还不清楚。it作形式主语,真正的主语由后面的句子来充当。由主语从句的句子成分看,表示原因是最恰当的。故选D项。15. D考查名词性从句。句意:你有什么特别想喝的汤吗?无论你选择哪个都适合我。这里 you select是主语从句,anything不能引导主语从句;no matter what只能引导让步状语从句;whatever和whichever都可以引导主语从句,但是whatever表示“凡是”,没有范围,而whichever是在一定的范围中选择。故选D项。