1、冲刺薄弱点(二)特殊结构题结构型试题考查考生分析英语句子结构的能力。结构型试题重点考查倒装句、强调句、省略句、反意疑问句及感叹句等。倒装句高考对倒装的考查主要集中在:1. 关联连词连接两个句子的倒装结构,如:not only.but also。2. not until引起的倒装结构。3. 状语从句(时间、结果和让步状语从句)中的倒装结构。要点一not only.but also连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将not only所连接的句子提到句首时,才可用倒装,且必须在not only所连接的句子中倒装。要点二not until提前时,必须将not until后面的全部内容提前
2、,而不仅仅是not until这两个词。1. (2014大纲卷) the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A. Not do onlyB. Do not onlyC. Only not doD. Not only do2. (2014湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart good relationships with others.A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep
3、【解题思路】1. D句意:护士不仅想要提高工资,他们还想要减少工作时间。当否定词或者半否定词放在句首时,后面的句子要使用部分倒装的形式。本句中的not only提前至句首,后面要使用部分倒装的形式。故选D项。2. A句意:只有当你保持内心平静的时候,你才可以和别人保持良好的关系。当only放在句首,且强调的是状语(从句)的时候,需要使用部分倒装的形式。本题中only放在了句首,强调的是时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart,所以后面的主句要使用倒装语序,排除B、C项;再结合从句时态,遵守“主将从现”原则,即从句用现在时,主句用将来时。故选A项。强
4、调句要点一如果对“not.until”句型中的“until 部分”进行强调,必须将not 提前。如:It was not until his teacher explained it to him that he understood the sentence.直到他的老师给他解释,他才理解这个句子。要点二 强调句的特殊疑问句1. Who was it that drew a beautiful picture the other day? 是谁前几天画了一幅漂亮的画?2. What was it that Julia drew the other day? 朱莉娅前几天画的是什么?要点三 强
5、调句的类似句型1. It is+时间段+since从句(谓语:短暂性动词过去时)多久了(如果从句谓语动词是延续性动词,则时间状态从结束时算起,意为“不已经多久了”)It is 3 years since Lincoln settled in the town teaching. 林肯定居在这个镇教书已经3年了。2. It will be+时间段+before从句(一般现在时)=It was +时间段+before从句(一般过去时)要过/过了才It will be half a year before Kate comes back from abroad.凯特还要过半年才从国外回来。3. It
6、 was/will be +时间点+when/before/after从句(其中it 表时间)It will be 5 p.m. when we finish the work. 我们完成工作时是要下午5点了。4. It is/was +adj./n./done +that从句/wh-从句(其中it 为形式主语)It was strange that she should have beaten Jane. 她竟然打败了简,真是奇怪!1. (2014四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry?A. whyB.
7、whoC. whereD. that2. (2014福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.A. whereB. whyC. thatD. what3. (2014湖南卷)Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who【解题思路】1.
8、D句意:史密斯先生是因为杰克上学迟到才生气的吗?强调句的基本结构是:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。本题强调的是原因状语从句because Jack came late for school。故选D项。2. C句意:是文化而不是语言让他很难适应国外新的环境。本题是一个强调句型,强调的是句子的主语the culture, rather than the language。强调句的基本结构是:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。强调句的最大的特点是把It is/was和that/who去掉,句子仍然成立。故选C项。3. A句意:让我们感到高兴的不
9、是做我们喜欢的事而是喜欢上我们必须做的事情。根据句中的Its可以首先想到强调结构,再根据空格处在句中不作任何成分,且强调句中去掉It is和that之后句子结构、句意仍然完整可知,本句确实是一个强调句,强调的是主语not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do。故选A项。省略句英语中,为避免某些句子重复常使用省略结构。要点一 状语从句中的省略1. 在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或者从句中的主语是it,从句中谓语动词又含有be的某种形式,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。2.
10、比较状语从句的省略更为复杂一些,常在as或than引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分,有时甚至省略整个as或than从句,从而把比较的部分突显出来。要点二 主谓省略当从句中的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略,此时构成“连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词”的结构。另外,还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可用if so/not省略句式。1. (2014福建卷)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, , reaching 30 in summ
11、er.A. if notB. if everC. if anyD. if so2. (2014江苏扬州高三模拟)The new technology, if to rice growing, will help increase the grain output. A. applying B. appliedC. to applyD. having applied【解题思路】1. B句意:这里夏天的气候非常宜人,如果气温曾经有过30度,那也很少会这样。if not:如果不;if ever:如果曾经发生过;if any:如果有一些;if so:如果这样。本句中的if ever相当于if the
12、temperature has ever reached 30。故选B项。2. B句意:这项新技术,如果被应用于水稻种植,将有助于增加谷类的产量。这里是if条件句的省略式,完整的句子是if the new technology is applied to rice growing。如果主句和从句的主语一致,可以省略从句的主语和系动词。故选B项。反意疑问句要点一考查对含有情态动词的句子的反意疑问,这些情态动词主要有would, must, would rather, used to, ought to, had better等。要点二陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything
13、, nothing, everything时,问句部分的主语用it。要点三考查对祈使句的反意疑问,当主句为祈使句时,反意疑问句用will you。而由lets构成的祈使句,反意疑问句用shall we。祈使句的形式多样,大家要注意辨别。(2014重庆卷)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you?A. mustntB. haventC. didntD. hadnt【解题思路】C句意:去年夏天我在伦敦过了两个星期。你在逗留期间
14、一定参观了英国博物馆,是吗?答语中的during your stay表示过去的时间,指“去年夏天在伦敦度过的两个星期”,因此反意疑问句部分的助动词应用did;陈述部分是肯定形式,所以反意疑问部分应用否定形式。故选C项。感叹句要点感叹句的句型为:What +a(an)+adj. +n. +主语+谓语!How +adj./adv. +主语+谓语!You have no idea when we saw so many beautiful schools booming in our area.A. that we were how happyB. how happy were weC. that
15、how happy we wereD. how happy we were【解题思路】Dhow happy we were是感叹句的陈述句形式,在这里作idea的同位语。及时训练(一)1. At no time the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.A. they actually brokeB. do they actually breakC. did they actually breakD. they had actually broken2. I have finished my homework. Lets go to
16、 play tennis.A. So have IB. I have so C. So did I D. So you do3. realize Linda was interested in luxury cars until I heard that she owned a Porsche and a Ferrari.A. Much I didB. Little I didC. Much did ID. Little did I4. For a moment nothing happened, and then all shouting together.A. voices had com
17、eB. came voices C. voices would comeD. did voices come5. So mysteriously missing that many puzzles wait to be solved. A. did Flight MH370 goB. Flight MH370 went C. does Flight MH370 goD. had Flight MH370 gone 6. Only when you leave school how much you love it.A. you will findB. will you findC. you f
18、ind D. did you find7. Not only to turn off the lights in the kitchen, but we also failed to lock the front door.A. we forgot B. forgot weC. did we forgetD. we did forget8. Only when we have strong confidence, courage and strength, overcome all the difficulties.A. that weB. we canC. we wouldD. can we
19、9. When is he willing to lend his friends some money?Only when hard enough.A. to pressB. pressedC. pressingD. is pressed10. it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in the sea when you visit Hawaii!A. What fun B. What a funC. How funD. How a fun11. Cant it be in the drawer you put your credit card?A
20、. where B. in whichC. thereD. that12. In his speech, he said that it was his primary school teachers that he was fond of influenced his whole life.A. whatB. whichC. asD. who13. It we had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; thatC. was
21、not until; when D. was not until; that14. Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .A. as told B. as are toldC. as tellingD. as they told15. It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.A. thatB. whereC. whyD. whe
22、n【解题思路】1. C考查倒装句。句意:他们确实绝不会违反比赛规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。at no time意为“绝不”,放在句首时,句子应用部分倒装结构,也就是将助动词提前;根据该句语境可知是一般过去时,故用助动词did。故选C项。2. A考查倒装句。句意:我已经完成了我的作业。我也是。我们去打网球吧。“so+助动词/情态动词/be(与前句的一致)+主语”结构,表示“也一样”。由于前句用助动词have,所以后句也用have,由句意可知选A项。“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be(与前句的一致)”结构,表示“确实如此”,常表示对前面情况的肯定。3. D考查倒装句(not.until.)。句意:
23、直到我听说她有一辆保时捷和一辆法拉利的时候,我才意识到琳达对于豪车很感兴趣。本句是把not换成了另外一个否定词little;little是一个半否定词,放在句首时,所在句子要使用部分倒装。故选D项。4. B考查倒装句。句意:有一会儿什么都没有发生,然后传来了众人齐喊的声音。以副词then,out,here等开头的句子中,谓语动词常为 be, come, go 等,主语是名词时,句子要用完全倒装结构。故选B项。5. A考查倒装句。句意:MH370航班失踪得如此奇怪,以至于很多谜都有待揭开。当“so+形容词/副词”或者“such+名词/代词”放在句首时,后面要使用部分倒装的形式,排除B项;根据句意
24、可知本句应该使用的是一般过去时,因为MH370航班失踪是过去发生的事情。故选A项。6. B考查倒装句。句意:只有当你毕业时,你才会发现你多么喜爱学校。当only修饰状语从句,而且置于句首时,主句构成部分倒装,要把相应的系动词、助动词或情态动词前置到主句的主语之前。再结合时态可知,此处B项正确。7. C考查倒装句。句意:我们不仅忘记关厨房的灯,而且也忘了锁前门。not only位于句首时,其后的成分要部分倒装,故选C项。B项为全部倒装,故排除。8. D考查倒装句。句意:只有当我们有强大的信心、勇气和力量时,我们才能克服所有这些困难。only修饰状语从句且位于句首时,主句谓语要进行部分倒装。9.
25、B考查省略句。句意:他什么时候愿意借给朋友一些钱呢?只有在他受的压力足够大的时候。答句为省略句,原句应为:He is willing to lend his friends some money only when he is pressed hard enough. 因主句和从句的主语一致,且从句谓语动词是系动词,所以从句中的主语和系动词可省略。故选B项。10. A考查感叹句。句意:当你去夏威夷的时候跳进水池或者到大海里游泳是多么有趣的事情啊!感叹句的构成:What+(a/an)+名词+主语+谓语;How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。fun是不可数名词,故选A项。11. D考查强调句。句
26、意:你难道不可能把信用卡放在抽屉里吗?此句改为陈述句后的语序为:It cant be in the drawer that you put your credit card.12. D考查强调句。分析句子结构可知,句中采用的是强调句式,其中被强调的部分是his primary school teachers that he was fond of,指人,故选D项。13. D考查强调句。句意:直到我们待在一起几个星期,我才发现我们有很多相同之处。这里使用的是强调句(It was.that.),对not until we had stayed together for a couple of we
27、eks进行强调。故选D项。14. A考查省略句。句意:谁应该为此事故负责?老板,而不是工人们。他们只是按照吩咐执行命令。as told是省略式的方式状语从句(=as they were told)。在时间、地点、方式、让步、比较状语从句中,如果从句主语和主句主语相同,或者从句主语是it时,从句主语和be动词可以省略。故选A项。15. A考查强调句。句意:直到信的结尾处她才提及自己的计划。本题题干为强调句型,被强调部分为not until near the end of the letter。故选A项。(二)1. It was two days before my mother flew to
28、New York I arrived home.A. whenB. thatC. afterD. since2. Behind the coach our team wearing blue suits.A. walk B. haveC. is followed D. appears3. Mary, turn the heat down, burn.OK. Mum.A. the cake willB. or the cake willC. will the cakeD. and the cake will4. I dont like feeding the animals, but I nee
29、d money, so .A. it is thereB. there is itC. there it isD. that it is5. Is that a book on farming? , I want to borrow it.A. So it isB. If soC. So is itD. So if6. Every day a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.A. read B. reading C. to readD. reads 7. one and a half months enough f
30、or the project to be finished?I am afraid not. The professor is ill and only after he recovers go on with it.A. Is; he canB. Are; he canC. Is; can heD. Are; can he8. seems to be a strong competition for students to enter a key university.A. ItB. There C. WhatD. That9. Will you waste your time and mo
31、ney on that?Certainly .A. I notB. dontC. notD. no10. Is this building a hotel?No, but it .A. is used toB. is used to beC. used to D. used to be11. The computer isnt working. What should I do? a repairman.A. Send for B. Sending forC. To send forD. Sent for12. Ann planned to leave her company, but her
32、 husband told her . A. not to B. not to doC. not do itD. do not to 13. The old song reminded Mary of fun she used to have with her grandmother.A. whenB. whatC. where D. how14. It was by using the way taught by his deskmate John worked out the math problem finally.A. whoB. with whomC. thatD. in which
33、15. It was not until dark he worked out the last result of the experiment.A. whatB. thatC. whenD. before【解题思路】1. B考查强调句。句意:在我妈妈乘飞机去纽约的前两天我到了家。这里使用了强调句,判断是否是强调句的方法是去掉强调句结构后句子是否还是一个完整的句子。这句话去掉强调句结构是:I arrived home two days before my mother flew to New York.故选B项。2. A考查倒装句。句意:走在教练后面的穿蓝色衣服的是我们队。此句为倒装句,其正
34、常语序为:Our team wearing blue suits walk behind the coach.3. B考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构。句意:玛丽,把温度调低,否则蛋糕会烤焦的。好的。妈妈。根据句意可知B项正确。4. C考查倒装句。句意:我不喜欢喂养动物,可是我需要钱,所以只能这样。there it is表示“情况就是这样”。故选C项。5. B考查省略句。句意:那是一本关于农业的书吗?如果是的话,我想借。so it is:的确如此;if so:如果这样;so is it:它也是;没有so if这种表达。本句是if it is so的省略,故选B项。6. A考查祈使句。句
35、意:每天大声朗读几遍谚语,直到你把它记住。根据until从句可以判断此处是主句,动词原形放句首是祈使句,选其他选项不构成句子。故选A项。7. C考查倒装句。句意:一个半月完成这个项目足够了吗?恐怕不能。教授生病了,只有他康复后才能继续这个项目。第一空的主语是one and a half months表示一段时间,谓语用单数形式,所以排除B、D项;第二空是“only+时间状语从句”放在句首,后面用部分倒装,can放在主语前面。故选C项。8. B考查there be句型。句意:对于学生来说能够进入一个重点大学似乎有很强的竞争。这里使用了there be句型的变形,be动词前面加上seem to,表
36、示“似乎有”。故选B项。9. C考查省略句。句意:你将浪费时间和钱在那件事上吗?当然不。这里是省略句,完整的句子是:Certainly I will not waste my time and money on that.故选C项。10. D考查省略句。be used to (doing) sth.:习惯于, 适应;used to do sth.: 过去常常做某事。如果承前省略的不定式内容有be或作助动词的have时,不定式符号to后要保留be或have。故选D项。11. A考查省略句。答句中省略了主语和情态动词,补充完整应为:You should send for a repairman.
37、12. A考查省略句。not to 后省略了和上文相重复的leave her company。13. B考查感叹句在名词性从句中的运用。分析句子结构可知,空格及其后面部分为名词性从句作介词of的宾语。此处从句为感叹句,故选what。14. C考查强调句。分析句子结构可知本句为强调句,强调的是方式状语by using the way taught by his deskmate。判断是否为强调句的一个方法就是去掉句中的it is/was和that后,看句子结构是否完整,语义是否通顺。15. B考查强调句。句子强调时间状语not until dark,该句可还原为:He didnt work out the last result of the experiment until dark.