1、2023届高三四校联考英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分, 共8页, 满分120分, 考试用时120分钟。注意事项:1. 答卷前, 考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内, 并用2B铅笔填涂相关信息。2. 选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑: 如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其它答案: 不能答在试卷上。3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答, 答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上, 如需改动, 先划掉原来的答案, 然后再写上新的答案: 不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无
2、效。4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题: 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThis summer, may we suggest switching your phone to airplane mode and getting lost in a book? It would be a good idea to curl up in your favorite chair with a book on the beach. Here are five brand n
3、ew beach reads brimming with sunshine sand, romance and secret.Out of the Clear Blue Sky by Kristan HigginsKristan Higgins spins a heartwarming and humorous tale of an empty nester going through some major life changes. The nurse has always put others first. But when her sons departure for college c
4、oincides with her husband leaving her, life presents the perfect time to try to get herself back.The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra HarttCassandra Hartts debut young adult novel takes place on the coast of Maine, in a fictional town eroding into the ocean. Through different perspectives, this
5、emotional and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust, love, dangerous tides, and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.The Counselors by Jessica GoodmanWhat could be better than a juicy tale of friends at a prestigious summer camp. This fast-paced
6、young adult thriller set at the fictional Camp Alpine Lake, will have you turning pages in suspense and feeling a craving for campfires at the same time.Dog Friendly by Victoria SchadePet lovers, cat your heart out. The latest novel from dog trainer and author Victoria Schade features an overworked
7、vet, Morgan Pearce, who escapes to Nantucket to recharge while taking care of her clients dog. Unexpected romance is in store for her.The Forest of Vanishing Stars by Kristin HarmelNow available in paperback, the author tells a page-turning novel about a woman who, after being kidnapped, finds herse
8、lf isolated and living in the wilderness of Eastern Europe during World War II. In an unexpected turn of events, she is suddenly thrust into teaching a group of Jewish people who escaped Nazi Germany how to survive in the forest.1. Who are these books probably recommended to?A. People taking a plane
9、.B. People working on the beach.C. People going on holiday.D. People longing to live by the sea.2. Which of the following would you choose if you favour stories about teenage life?A. The Counselors and Dog Friendly.B. The Sea is Salt and so Am I and The Counselors.C. The Counselors and The Forest of
10、 Vanishing Stars.D. Out of the Clear Blue Sky and The Sea is Salt and so Am I.3. What do these books have in common?A. They are mainly fictional.B. They are heartwarming tales.C. They are tales set in coastal areas.D. They are exploring the same theme.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“This summer
11、, may we suggest switching your phone to airplane mode and getting lost in a book? It would be a good idea to curl up in your favorite chair with a book on the beach. Here are five brand new beach reads brimming with sunshine sand, romance and secret.(今年夏天，我们是否可以建议你把手机调到飞行模式，沉浸在书中？在沙滩上蜷缩在你最喜欢的椅子上看书是
12、个好主意。这里有五个全新的海滩读物，充满了阳光、沙滩、浪漫和秘密)”可推知，这些书是推荐给那些在海边度假的人。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt下的段落中“Cassandra Hartts debut young adult novel takes place on the coast of Maine, in a fictional town eroding into the ocean. Through different perspectives, this emotional and
13、heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust, love, dangerous tides, and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.(卡桑德拉哈特的处女作是一部青少年小说，故事发生在缅因州海岸，一个虚构的小镇被海水侵蚀。通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历)”可知，如果你喜欢关于青少年生活的故事，可以看The Sea is
14、Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据小标题Out of the Clear Blue Sky by Kristan Higgins下的段落中“Kristan Higgins spins a heartwarming and humorous tale of an empty nester going through some major life changes.(克里斯坦希金斯讲述了一个温暖而幽默的故事，讲述了一个空巢老人正在经历一些重大的生活变化)”，小标题The Sea is Salt and so Am I by
15、 Cassandra Hartt下的段落中“Through different perspectives, this emotional and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust, love, dangerous tides, and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.(通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历)”，小标
16、题The Counselors by Jessica Goodman下的段落中“This fast-paced young adult thriller set at the fictional Camp Alpine Lake, will have you turning pages in suspense and feeling a craving for campfires at the same time.(这部以虚构的阿尔卑斯湖营地为背景的快节奏青少年惊悚片，会让你在悬念中翻页，同时感觉对篝火的渴望)”，小标题Dog Friendly by Victoria Schade下的段落中“
17、Unexpected romance is in store for her.(意想不到的浪漫正等着她)”以及小标题The Forest of Vanishing Stars by Kristin Harmel下的段落中“In an unexpected turn of events, she is suddenly thrust into teaching a group of Jewish people who escaped Nazi Germany how to survive in the forest.(在一个意想不到的转折中，她突然被迫去教一群逃离纳粹德国的犹太人如何在森林里生存
18、)”可推知，这些书有共同的主题，生活中总会遇到一些出乎预料的事。故选D项。BOnce on a dark winters day, when the yellow fog hung so thick and heavy in the streets of London that the lamps were lighted and the shop windows blazed with gas as they do at night, a Little girl sat in a cab with her father and was driven rather slowly through
19、 the big thoroughfares.She leaned against her father, who held her in his arm, as she stared out of the window at the passing people with a queer (strange, odd) old-fashioned thoughtfulness in her big eyes.Principally, she was thinking of what a queer thing it was that at one time one was in India i
20、n the blazing sun, and then in the middle of the ocean, and then driving in a strange vehicle through strange streets where the day was as dark as the night. She found this so puzzling that she moved closer to her father.“What is it. darling?” Captain Crewe asked, holding her closer and looking down
21、 into her face.During her short life only one thing had troubled her, and that thing was “the place” she was to be taken to some day. The climate of India was very bad for children, and as soon as possible they were sent away from it-generally to England and to school. She bad seen other children go
22、 away, and had heard their fathers and mothers talk about the letters they received from them1. She had known that she would be obliged to go also, and though sometimes her fathers stories of the voyage and the new country had attracted her, she had been troubled by the thought that he could not sta
23、y with her.She had liked to think of that. To keep the house for her father; to ride with him, and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties; to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world, and if one must go away to “the place“ in England to at
24、tain it, she must make up her mind to go. She did not care very much for other little girls, but if she had plenty of books she could console herself.It was a big, dull, brick house, exactly like all the others in its row, but that on the front door there shone a brass plate on which was engraved in
25、 black letters:MISS MINCHIN, Select Seminary for Young Ladies.“I dont like it, papa, ” she said. “But then I dare say soldiers - even brave ones-dont really like going into battle. ” Sara stood quietly, with her eyes fixed upon Miss Minchins face. She was thinking something odd, as usual.4. What can
26、 we learn from the story?A. Sara was bothered by her departure from her father.B. Sara was about to be sent to London for a completely new life.C. Sara was thinking of a way to escape being sent to a foreign country.D. Sara was persuaded to receive further education in a prestigious school.5. What d
27、oes the underlined word “console“ in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A. entertainB. occupyC. comfortD. improve6. What does Sara probably think of her future in the new place?A. She didnt mind living with other girls.B. She hated the idea of living independently.C. She was positive about the new life at sc
28、hool.D. She was confident to adapt to the new environment.7. Which of the following writing skills is employed in the text?A. The author compares Saras bravery to that of the soldiers.B. The description of the surroundings is to add horror to the story.C. The image of Sara is depicted through appear
29、ance and language.D. Body language is employed to show the characters state of mind.【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. D【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句话“The climate of India was very bad for children, and as soon as possible they were sent away from it-generally to England and to school. (印度的气候对孩子们来说非常糟糕，他们很快就被送往英国和学校)”，“S
30、he had liked to think of that. To keep the house for her father; to ride with him, and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties; to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world, and if one must go away to “the place“ in England to attain it, she
31、 must make up her mind to go.(她喜欢这样想。为她父亲保管房子；和他一起骑马，在他参加晚宴时坐在桌子的最前面；和他交谈，读他的书这将是她在世界上最喜欢的事情，如果一个人必须去英国的“地方”去实现它，她必须下定决心去)”以及倒数第二段“MISS MINCHIN, Select Seminary for Young Ladies.(MINCHIN女士，为年轻女士选择神学院)”可知，小女孩必须得去英国接受进一步的教育，这是父母们所希望的。尽管她不想去，但是这是她做自己想做的事情之前必须要做的事情。由此可推知，小女孩决定去英国的一个神学院接受进一步的教育。故选D。【5题详解
32、】词义猜测题。根据划线单词前面的句子“She had liked to think of that. To keep the house for her father; to ride with him, and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties; to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world, and if one must go away to “the place“ in Engla
33、nd to attain it, she must make up her mind to go.(她喜欢这样想。为她父亲保管房子；和他一起骑马，在他参加晚宴时坐在桌子的最前面；和他交谈，读他的书这将是她在世界上最喜欢的事情，如果一个人必须去英国的“地方”去实现它，她必须下定决心去)”以及划线单词前半句话“She did not care very much for other little girls(她不太关心其他小女孩)”可知，小女孩并不想去英国读书，但是她必须要去。在那里她可能不认识其她的小女孩，但是书可以安慰她寂寞的心灵。故换线单词的意思为“安慰”。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根
34、据最后一段小女孩说的话“I dont like it, papa, ” she said. “But then I dare say soldiers - even brave ones-dont really like going into battle. ”(我不喜欢，爸爸，”她说。“但我敢说，士兵们即使是勇敢的士兵也不喜欢参加战斗。”)”可知，小女孩虽然不喜欢这个地方，但是她相信她会像一个勇敢的士兵一样，去克服自己的困难。由此可推知，小女孩有信心去适应新的环境。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“She leaned against her father, who held he
35、r in his arm, as she stared out of the window at the passing people with a queer (strange, odd) old-fashioned thoughtfulness in her big eyes.(她靠在父亲的身上，父亲把她搂在怀里，她用一双奇怪的、古怪的、老式的体贴的大眼睛凝视着窗外的路人)”可推知，作者使用了肢体语言，来描述作者现在的心里状态。故选D。CWorry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental
36、attempts are made to avoid the expected potential threats.If we were to keep a record of all the things we worried about during a given period of time, we would discover, in reviewing them, that the great majority of our expected problems or troubles never come to pass. This means that most of the t
37、ime we devote to worrying, which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is troubling us, is wasted, Thus, we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain, but took up valuable minutes and hours that couldve been spent elsewhere.To avoid this it is often necessary to stay calm and t
38、race the sources of worry. More importantly, we should analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us. Blindly feeling nervous about whether the problem can be solved is sometimes ridiculous, for the problems do not exist. Once, shortly before a major concert, a me
39、mber of Arturo Toscaninis orchestra approached the great Italian conductor with an expression of fear on his face. “Maestro (大师), ”the musician said, “my instrument is not working properly. I cannot reach the note of E-flat. Whatever will I do? We are to begin in a few moments.” Toscanini looked at
40、the man with amazement. Then he smiled kindly and placed an arm around his shoulders. “My friend, ” he replied, “Do not worry about it. The note E-flat does not appear anywhere in the music that you will be playing this evening. ”The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some m
41、atters, we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen. Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary.8. What do we know about worry from the first two paragraphs?A. It requires people
42、to record and review the trouble later.B. It drives people to try and stay safe from anticipated trouble.C. Its referred to as negative ideas about things that will never happen.D. It causes a waste of time that should be spent on solving the problem.9. The example of the orchestra mentioned in Para
43、graph 3 is to argue that _.A the note E-flat does not appear in the musicB. wrongly analyzing the problem is ridiculousC. its not wise to be disturbed by something imaginaryD. a man of wisdom is able to deal with1 worry effectively10. What can be inferred from the text?A. Arturo Toscanini was a grea
44、t Italian musician from Italy.B. Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature.C. Time wasted on worry should be spent on something meaningful.D. People feel annoyed by worry because of psychological problems.11. What is the text mainly about?A. The source of worry.B. How to deal with
45、 worry.C. The definition of worry.D. How worry affects people.【答案】8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental attempts are made to avoid the expected potential threats.（忧虑被定义为消极的想法和形象，在这种想法和形象中，人们在心理上试图避免预期的潜在威胁。）”和第二段“If we wer
46、e to keep a record of all the things we worried about during a given period of time, we would discover, in reviewing them, that the great majority of our expected problems or troubles never come to pass. This means that most of the time we devote to worrying, which pushes us to try to come up with a
47、 solution to what is troubling us, is wasted, Thus, we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain, but took up valuable minutes and hours that couldve been spent elsewhere.（如果我们把一段时间内我们所担心的所有事情都记录下来，在回顾它们的时候，我们会发现，我们所预期的问题或麻烦绝大多数都不会发生。这意味着我们花在担忧上的大部分时间都被浪费了，这些时间促使我们努力想出解决困扰我们的问题的方法。因此，我们不仅给自己
48、造成了不必要的精神痛苦，还占用了本可以花在其他地方的宝贵的分钟和小时。）”可知，前两段可以得知，担忧浪费了本应花在解决问题上的时间。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“To avoid this, it is often necessary to stay calm and trace the sources of worry. More importantly, we should analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us. Blindly feeling ner
49、vous about whether the problem can be solved is sometimes nidicolous, for the problems do not exist. Once, shortly before a major concert, a member of Arturo Toscaninis orchestra approached the great Italian conductor with an expression of fear on his face. Maestro (大师), the musician said, my instru
50、ment is not working properly. I cannot reach the note of E-flat. Whatever will I do? We are to begin in a few moments. Toscanini looked at the man with amazement. Then he smiled kindly and placed an arm around his shoulders. My friend, he replied, Do not worry about it. The note E-flat does not appe
51、ar anywhere in the music that you will be playing this evening. （为了避免这种情况，通常有必要保持冷静，寻找担忧的根源。更重要的是，我们应该分析形势，看看是不是问题本身在困扰我们。盲目地为问题能否解决而紧张有时是可笑的，因为问题并不存在。有一次，在一场大型音乐会上，阿图罗托斯卡尼尼(Arturo Toscanini)乐队的一名成员脸上带着恐惧的表情走近这位伟大的意大利指挥家。“大师，”音乐家说，“我的乐器不能正常工作了。我唱不到降e音。我该怎么办呢?我们马上就要开始了。”托斯卡尼尼惊讶地看着这个人。然后他和蔼地笑了笑，把一只胳膊搭
52、在他的肩膀上。他回答说:“我的朋友，不要为这事担心。降e音在你今晚演奏的乐曲中是没有出现的。”）”可知，第三段提到提到的管弦乐队的例子为了说明，被想象的东西打扰是不明智的。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters, we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen. Then we may be able t
53、o go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary. （下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）”可知，浪费在忧虑上的时间应该花在有意义的事情上。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some
54、matters, we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen. Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary. （下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打
55、扰。）”可知，本文主要讲述了如何处理忧虑。故选B。DOne of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their cars. Even when you have a strong public transport system in moving people between population hubs, the last mile - that section between the railway station and someo
56、nes home, for example - can lead to car use if its considered too far or too dangerous to walk.The idea of a low-traffic neighbourhood (LTN) - where cars are banned from quieter rat runs (偏僻小路) to keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK. LTNs attempt to filter out cars from
57、residential streets using bollards, camera-controlled gates or even planters full of flowers placed across the road, while pedestrians, cyclists and emergency vehicles can still pass.Analysis for the active transport charity Sustrans found that “driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice as likel
58、y to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian, and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child cyclist, compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road,” and that heavy car traffic in residential areas can lead to a rise in social isolation. LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a thr
59、ee-fold reduction in injuries, and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses.Also popular are e-scooter hire trials, which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough, Bristol and Chelmsford. The trials see gaggles of electric scooters available to be pi
60、cked up from street corners. The scooters are hired using an app and then, once theyre finished with, parked elsewhere inside the trial area, where theyre collected and recharged by the hiring company. A Department of Transport report on e-scooter use found they were “widely perceived to have enviro
61、nmental and convenience benefits,” but suffered from comparisons to childrens toys.But thats not all. The worlds first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry earlier this year. The taxis and drones based at the hub all take off and land vertically like helicopters and
62、 are being used to travel short journeys or deliver cargo.Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities. The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the car.12. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A. People
63、 are considered reliant on cars to travel.B. Public transport system still needs improvement.C. Pollution from cars has an impact on peoples life quality.D. Residential areas are usually far away from the railway station.13. What do we know about the idea of an LTN?A. Its a way to encourage social i
64、nteraction and local business.B. Its a series of measures to reserve the streets to walking residents.C. Its a system that employs high technology to keep cars on the main roads.D. Its a practice proved effective in keeping children safe from traffic accidents.14. Whats the structure of the text?P=P
65、aragraphA. B. C. D. 15. Whats the purpose of the text?A. To call on readers to construct a healthier city.B. To promote the latest developments in car alternatives.C. To introduce possible ways to get rid of dependence on cars.D. To inform citizens of technological advances to tackle social problems
66、.【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their cars. (为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之一就是将人们与汽车分开。)”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Analysis for the active transport
67、charity Sustrans found that “driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice as likely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian, and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child cyclist, compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road,” and that heavy car traffic in residential area
68、s can lead to a rise in social isolation. LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries, and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. (积极交通慈善机构Sustrans进行的分析发现，“与在城市一级道路上行驶一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行驶一英里，导致儿童行人死亡或严重受伤的可能性是前者的两倍，而导致儿童骑自行车者死亡或严重伤害的可能性是前者的三倍”，
69、居民区的汽车交通拥挤可能会导致社会孤立的加剧。LTN减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。)”可知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通工具导致的儿童重伤和死亡人数减少，因此它被证实是使孩子远离交通事故的有效措施。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their cars. (为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之一就是将人们与汽车分开。)
70、”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖，本文旨在解决这个问题；根据第二段第一句“The idea of a low-traffic neighbourhood (LTN) - where cars are banned from quieter rat runs (偏僻小路) to keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK. (低交通量社区（LTN）的想法已经在英国部分地区流行起来。在这里，汽车被禁止在较安静的“老鼠跑道”上行驶，以保证它们在主干道上行驶。)”，第四段
71、第一句“Also popular are e-scooter hire trials, which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough, Bristol and Chelmsford. (试行电子滑板车租赁也很受欢迎，目前正在米德尔斯堡、布里斯托尔和切尔姆斯福德等城镇进行。)”和第五段第一二句“But thats not all. The worlds first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry ea
72、rlier this year. (但这还不是全部。今年早些时候，世界上第一个演示电动空中出租车和无人机的中心在考文垂开始营业。)”可知，二，四，五段分别提出一种措施；根据第三段最后一句“LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries, and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. (LTN减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。)”可知，第三段延续第二段，继续讨
73、论LTN。因此文章结构应该是总分总，第一段总起介绍，第二三段讨论措施一，第四段讨论措施二，第五段讨论措施三，第六段总结。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据本文最后一段“Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities. The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the car. (让我们摆脱对汽车的依赖是我们与更健
74、康的城市之间更困难的障碍之一。需要采取的第一步是解决汽车的主导地位。)”可知，文章最后作者再次强调要摆脱对汽车的依赖，而前文几段也提出了三种措施，故可推测本文作者旨在介绍解除汽车依赖的措施。故选C项。第二节(共5小题: 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)根据下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor le
75、arning. _16_ It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an ov
76、erload of training, those extra nuclei arent lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity. _17_In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to reach the post-training level. But how quickly yo
77、u regain your former fitness depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was. how old you are and how long youd been exercising._18_ It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness. And the principle applies to both resistance train
78、ing and endurance training. The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity. _19_Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a s
79、port. _20_ You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again.A. The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”.B. Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way.C. This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lastin
80、g.D. That is to say, we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought.E. It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.F. It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have.G. All this news about muscle memory is encour
81、aging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. F【16题详解】上文“People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learning.(人们把永远不会忘记如何骑自行车或投掷棒球作为“肌肉记忆”的例子，这是运动机能学习的结果)”指出人们用举例子的方法给“肌肉记忆”下定义，下文“It
82、is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.(这是一种现象，先前训练的肌肉在一段时间不用后，会获得力量。)”是“肌肉记忆”的定义，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出其他人对肌肉记忆的定义，B项“Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way.(另一方面，生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它。)”指出生物学家给“肌肉记忆”下了定义，其中“it”代指上文“muscle memory”，故选B。【17
83、题详解】上文“Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity.(一旦你有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量。)”指出有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量，空处应该承接上文，指出我们应该如何做才能挖掘出自己的能量，A项“The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”.(最好的方法就是“重新振作起来”。)”符合，同时顺承下文，下文“In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks o
84、f retraining were needed to reach the post-training level.(事实上，最近的一项研究显示，要达到培训后的水平，只需要不到8周的再培训。)”描述了要通过在培训来挖掘自己的能量，故选A。【18题详解】上文“But how quickly you regain your former fitness depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was. how old you are and how long youd been exercising.(但是你恢复健康的速
85、度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间。)”提到一项研究指出要恢复到之前的水平，需要考虑最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间，你多大了，锻炼了多长时间几个方面，下文“It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness.(这意味当谈到恢复您以前的健康水平时，你仍然有一个明显的优势。)”指出你仍然有优势恢复到之前的水平，空出应该承上启下，G项“All this news about muscle memory is en
86、couraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.(所有这些关于肌肉记忆的新闻对于那些脱离健身计划的人来说都是鼓舞人心的。)”符合，“All this news”指上文提到的“你恢复健康的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间”，“fell off the fitness scheme”和下文“your former level of fitness”相呼应，故选G。【19题详解】上文“The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a le
87、vel below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity.(恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从一个低于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度。)”指出恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从低于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度这些要素，空处应该承接上文，继续谈论如何恢复肌肉记忆，E项“It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percen
88、t every week or two.(通常情况下，每周或每两周将这些要素增加5%是安全的。)”符合，其中“these elements”代指上文“duration, frequency, then intensity”，故选E。【20题详解】上文“Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport.(归根结底，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动付出的所有努力的回报。)”指出肌肉记忆和你之前的付出的关系，肌肉记忆是你过去学习的回报，空处应该承接上文，F项“It is e
89、vident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have.(很明显，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就会储存得越多。)”符合，继续解释肌肉记忆与你之前的锻炼的关系，故选F。第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共15小题: 每小题1分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The most important life lesson Ive learned from running is to run at my own pac
90、e. This lesson has guided me in many ways. _21_, it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.Running is a metaphor for life. I realized this while _22_ for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday. All the other runners being faster than me made me _23_. But my coach shared s
91、ome valuable advice: run at your own best pace. Setting a goal or target time could be a _24_. He was right. _25_, I ran more easily and faster. I also enjoyed the experience much more.I have _26_ this principle to other areas of my life. Finding a rhythm is not about _27_ or how many things I can g
92、et done in a day. It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.Running carries its own set of expectations, including what it meant to be a strong runner. But expectations also _28_ to other areas of life, including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doi
93、ng. Expectations at my age can _29_ how leisure time is spent, decisions about employment and even the role of a _30_.I used to think it was young people who bore the brunt(冲击)of _31_, but older adults can experience it too. This is _32_, because often later in life is a time when we are less inclin
94、ed to care about the opinions of others.That is the message my running coach was trying to convey. _33_ what others are doing.Their pace is not _34_ the pace you should run at. Run in your own way. Its not better or worse -only _35_.21. A. In turnB. In particularC. In advanceD. In depth22. A. traini
95、ngB. strugglingC. competingD. searching23. A. pitifulB. gratefulC. impressedD. embarrassed24. A. resolutionB. practiceC. limitationD. motivation25. A. Against timeB. Ahead of timeC. Of all timeD. Over time26. A. exposedB. comparedC. appliedD. suggested27. A. musicB. businessC. requirementD. efficien
96、cy28. A. subscribeB. extendC. contributeD. refer29. A. center onB. hope forC. decide onD. call for30. A. bossB. grandparentC. athleteD. citizen31. A. peer pressureB. separation anxietyC. sleeping disorderD. age discrimination32. A. naturalB. unacceptableC. ironicD. significant33. A. MindB. ExpectC.
97、ForgetD. Abandon34. A. basicallyB. graduallyC. alternativelyD. necessarily35. A. differentB. amazingC. commonD. fair【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A【21题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，它让我挑战了对退休和衰老的固定预期。A. In turn轮流；B. In particular特别；C. In advance提前；D.
98、 In depth深入地。根据前文“This lesson has guided me in many ways.”以及后文“it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.”可知，跑步在很多方面指导作者，特别是让作者挑战了对退休和衰老的固定预期。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是在参加马拉松比赛庆祝我的60岁生日时意识到这一点的。A. training培训；B. struggling奋斗；C. competing参加比赛；D. searching搜索。根据后文“All the other
99、 runners being faster than me”可知，作者是在参加比赛。故选C项。23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他选手都比我跑得快，这使我很尴尬。A. pitiful可怜的；B. grateful感激的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文“All the other runners being faster than me”可知，其他所有选手都比我快，这使我尴尬。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：设定一个目标或目标时间可以是一种练习。A. resolution决心；B. practice训练；C. limitat
100、ion限制；D. motivation动力。根据前文“Setting a goal or target time”以及后文“I ran more easily and faster.”结合常识可知，设立目标或者目标时间去练习，然后作者跑得更轻松更快了。故选B项。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我跑得更轻松更快了。A. Against time尽快地；B. Ahead of time提前；C. Of all time始终；D. Over time随着时间的过去。根据后文“I ran more easily and faster.”可知，作者跑得更轻松更快了，但是需要时间，才
101、能有这种感觉。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这个原则应用到我生活的其他方面。A. exposed暴露；B. compared比较；C. applied应用；D. suggested建议。根据后文“to other areas of my life”可知，是作者把“用你自己最好的速度跑步”这个原则应用到生活的其他方面。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：找到节奏与效率无关，也与一天能做多少事无关。A. music音乐；B. business商业；C. requirement要求；D. efficiency效率。根据后文“how many things I can
102、 get done in a day”可知，此处是指效率。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但期望也延伸到生活的其他领域，包括人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么。A. subscribe订阅；B. extend扩大；C. contribute贡献；D. refer涉及。根据后文“including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.”可知，此处表达“期望也延伸到生活的其他领域”之意。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在休闲时间如何度过
103、、就业决定，甚至是祖父母的角色。A. center on着重在；B. hope for盼；C. decide on决定；D. call for呼吁。根据前文“including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.”可知，期望告诉人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么，所以此处是说作者这个年龄主要想做什么。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在休闲时间如何度过、就业决定，甚至是祖父母的角色。A. boss老板；B. grandparent祖父母；C.
104、 athlete运动员；D. citizen公民。根据前文“Running is a metaphor for life. I realized this while 2 for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday.”可知，作者已经60岁了，所以是期望成为祖父母。故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：我过去认为是年轻人承受了同龄人的压力，但老年人也会经历这种压力。A. peer pressure同辈压力；B. separation anxiety分离焦虑；C. sleeping disorder睡眠障碍；D. age discrimina
105、tion年龄歧视。根据后文“because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.”可知，“我们”这个年纪的人不关心别人的看法，给他人压力。故选A项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是很自然的，因为通常在生命的后期，我们不太倾向于关心别人的看法。A. natural自然的；B. unacceptable不可接受的；C. ironic讽刺的；D. significant重要的。根据后文“because often later in life
106、 is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.”结合常识可知，在生命的后期，我们不太倾向于关心别人的看法，是很自然的事情。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：忘记别人在做什么。A. Mind介意；B. Expect预计；C. Forget忘记；D. Abandon遗弃。根据前文“But my coach shared some valuable advice: run at your own best pace.”可知，作者教练建议作者用自己的速度跑，所以是忘记别人在做什么，做好自
107、己就行。故选C项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们的速度不一定是你应该跑的速度。A. basically基本上；B. gradually逐步地；C. alternatively或者；D. necessarily必然地。根据后文“Run in your own way.”可知，作者明白别人的跑的速度不一定是自己的跑步速度。故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有好坏之分，只是不同而已。A. different不同的；B. amazing令人大为惊奇的；C. common常见的；D. fair公平的。根据前文“Their pace is not 14 the pace yo
108、u should run at.”可知，他们的速度不一定是你应该跑的速度，所以无关好坏，只是速度不同。故选A项。第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The once-futuristic idea of sequencing every newborn childs DNA to screen for genes that could shape their future health is being put to two major tests. The United Kingdom this week a
109、nnounced plans to sequence the genomes(基因组)of 100, 000 newborns for about 200 rare genetic diseases starting next year. In New York City, a similar project _36_(screen)100, 000 babies.The goal is to catch treatable diseases that standard newborn screening cannot detect. _37_ sequencing delivers an e
110、arly warning of a problem, the baby could receive care that prevents permanent disability or even death.But sequencing the full genomes of new-borns raises a host of ethical questions, including _38_ will get access to the data, and whether _39_ will needlessly worry parents by revealing genes that
111、may never cause serious illness. “Were really aware of the _40_(complex) of the questions, ” says Richard Scott, chief medical officer for Genomics England, the government-funded company _41_(run) the U. K. project. At the same time, he says, “There is a really pressing need“ to detect more childhoo
112、d diseases.In many countries, _42_ drop of blood from every newborns heel is screened, using mostly biochemical _43_(test), for up to several dozen genetic diseases. They range from metabolic disorders _44_ can be treated with a special diet to muscle diseases that have drug treatments. Whole-genome
113、 sequencing, which is much _45_(costly)-up to $1000, could detect many more disorders, such as thyroid conditions that can cause brain damage.【答案】36. will screen 37 Because38. who 39. it 40. complexity 41. running 42. the 43. tests 44. which#that 45. costlier【36题详解】考查时态。句意：在纽约市，一个类似的项目将筛选10万名婴儿。分析句子
114、结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据“The United Kingdom this week announced plans to sequence the genomes(基因组)of 100, 000 newborns for about 200 rare genetic diseases starting next year”可知，在纽约，一个相似的项目将筛选10万名婴儿，句子为一般将来时。故填will screen。【37题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：因为测序可以提供问题的早期预警，所以婴儿可以得到预防永久残疾甚至死亡的护理。根据语境可知，因为基因测序能够对于问题进行早期预警，所以
115、婴儿可以得到更早更好的护理。前后为因果关系，空处引导原因状语从句。故填Because。【38题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：但是，对新生儿的全基因组测序引发了一系列伦理问题，包括谁将获得这些数据，以及揭示可能永远不会导致严重疾病的基因是否会不必要地让父母担心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少宾语，根据句意可知，引起的伦理问题中包括谁将获取这些数据，所以用who引导宾语从句。故填who。【39题详解】考查代词。句意：但是，对新生儿的全基因组测序引发了一系列伦理问题，包括谁将获得这些数据，以及揭示可能永远不会导致严重疾病的基因是否会不必要地让父母担心。空处指代前文中的 sequenc
116、ing。it可用来指代前文中出现的那个事情。故填it。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：负责英国项目的政府资助公司Genomics England的首席医疗官理查德斯科特（Richard Scott）表示：“我们确实意识到了问题的复杂性。”根据空前的the可知，本空需要名词。complex为形容词“复杂的”，其名词形式为complexity。故填complexity。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：负责英国项目的政府资助公司Genomics England的首席医疗官理查德斯科特（Richard Scott）表示：“我们确实意识到了问题的复杂性。”。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以空处
117、为非谓语动词作定语，和修饰的名词之间为为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填running。【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：在许多国家，新生儿足跟的滴血都会进行筛查，主要是生化检测，以检测多达几十种遗传疾病。分析句子结构可知，空处用定冠词the，特指新生儿的足跟血。故填the。【43题详解】考查可数名词的复数。句意：在许多国家，新生儿足跟的滴血都会进行筛查，主要是生化检测，以检测多达几十种遗传疾病。根据句意可知，这些检测大多数是生化检测，所以空处需要名词的复数形式。故填tests。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它们的范围从可以用特殊饮食治疗的代谢紊乱到可以用药物治疗的肌肉疾病。分析句子结构可知，空
118、处引导定语从句，修饰先行词disorders。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。【45题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：全基因组测序成本高达1000美元，可以检测更多疾病，如甲状腺疾病，这些疾病会导致大脑损伤。根据空前的much和句意可知，空处需要形容词的比较级，表示全基因检测的费用更高。故填costlier。第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46. 假定你是李华。你校上周五举行了有关个人职业生涯规划的活动。请你为学校英文刊物 “Campus Weckly”写一篇活动报道。内容包括：1. 活动内容及过程；2. 活
119、动反响。注意:1. 写作词数应为应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。A Stepping Stone to Career_【答案】A Stepping Stone to Career Last Friday, our school invited some experts to give lectures about career planning with the purpose of giving some instructions about career choices. In the lecture, the experts gave us some advice
120、 on how to choose careers and what we should do for our future careers. Furthermore, the experts analysed the top careers which are in great need for us. The lectures helped the students find out their interest in their careers. All the students who attended it thought highly of it. Hopefully, every
121、 one of us can find our dream career In the lecture, the experts gave us some advice on how to choose careers and what we should do for our future careers【详解】1. 词汇积累专家：expertspecialist讲座：lecturespeech建议：advicesuggestion另外：furthermorein addition2. 句式拓展同义句转换原句：Last Friday, our school invited some expe
122、rts to give lectures about career planning with the purpose of giving some instructions about career choices.拓展句：Last Friday, our school invited some experts to give lectures about career planning to give some instructions about career choices.第二节(满分25分)47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。Mor
123、ty was checking out his library books when it caught his eye-a poster for Adventure Rocks Kids Camp. “Check this out!” Morty called to Ben and Fred as he grabbed three brochures and dashed to catch up with his best buddies. They all stopped, books in hands, to stare at the pictures of kids flying ab
124、ove canyons suspended from zip lines. They instantly believed the brochures headline: Summer wont be complete until you Take it to the Limit at Adventure Rocks Kids Camp.Ben broke the silence, “We have less than two weeks until registration opens, and it says the camp fills up fast.” Then an idea po
125、pped into Mortys head. “Why dont we sell lemonade and snacks by the side of the road? We can pool our allowance savings for the camp.” “Thats a great Idea,” Ben said.The sun had barely come up on Saturday morning when the kids set up their business. They chose a spot, asked permission from the homeo
126、wner, and then asked to use her garden hose for water to make lemonade.Their business went smoothly until Ben announced that they had a comparatively small stock of lemons shortly after noon. Morty decided to make their stock go further. “Fred, when the jug gets down to one-fourth full, just fill it
127、 to the top with the water hose.” Morty was thinking out loud, “Ill change the sign and charge 30 more cents for each cup of lemonade.” Their business went on and the three were secretly proud of the little tricks they had done.Just as Morty finished refilling the jug with water for the third time,
128、a vehicle rounded the comer. Morty saw the minivan with his father at the wheel and his family inside. They pulled up to the sidewalk, and his brothers and sisters jumped out, each clutching a coin or two. They were eager to support their brothers bustling business. Mortys family bought the last of
129、the brownies and drank the last drop of watered-down lemonade.注意:1. 续写词数应150左右;2. 请按如下格式在答题卡得相应位置做答。Mortys father frowned at the sip of the lemonade._They decided to fix their wrongdoings the next week. _【答案】Mortys father frowned at the sip of the lemonade. As to him, it tasted more like water. Over
130、whelmed with confusion, he asked directly, “Whats wrong? It tastes just like cold water.” The moment Morty heard his fathers doubt, he stood awkwardly, not sure what to say. Fred and Ben were also speechless. A moment later, they admitted what they had done. Although Mortys father was disappointed,
131、he said, “You still have time to correct your wrongdoings.” Hearing this, they nodded immediately.They decided to fix their wrongdoings the next week. Ben suggested to use the money earned to prepare enough lemons first and then reduce the price. They all agreed. When they restarted their business,
132、they even stood a sign, saying, “We send a cup of lemonade to customers who bought it last Saturday afternoon for free.” They made over 50 cups of lemonade for a constant stream of customers with a low price and over 20 cups were for free. As you can imagine, they didnt get enough money for the camp
133、. But they learned a valuable lesson that one should always be honest.【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“Morty的父亲喝了一口柠檬水，皱起了眉头”可知，第一段可描写Morty的爸爸发现了柠檬水的问题后，几个孩子很尴尬地承认错误的场景，以及Morty爸爸建议他们怎么做。由第二段首句内容“他们决定下周改正他们的错误”可知，第二段可描写他们如何改正自己的错误。2.续写线索：发现夏令营传单想参加摆柠檬水摊赚报名费柠檬水兑水被发现承认错误纠正错误感悟3.词汇激活行为类纠正：correct/rectify建议：suggest/recommend情绪类疑惑：Overwhelmed with confusion/filled with confusion尴尬地：awkwardly/embarrassedly