专题04 共享单车-备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题 体裁分类训练(高考模拟 名校真题).doc

1、备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(高考模拟+名校真题)专题04 共享单车Passage 1（2019河北武邑三模） Bike sharing have become popular words in cities from Cape Town to Shanghai to Melbourne. Planners, politicians and media keep showing off their benefits: reducing pollution, congestion, travel costs and oil dependence, while improvi

2、ng public health. Bike sharing also helps make cities appear modern, dynamic and world-widequalities much sought after by the creative class.But what makes for a successful public bike-sharing program? This is an important question because installing one requires significant public and private inves

3、tment and adjustment to the built environment.While many programs have been launched among much praise, often their popularity has soon declined. Many end up operating at a financial loss and depend on other profitable enterprises to cross-subsidize(交叉补贴) them. Some have resulted in thrown-away bike

4、s becoming an eyesore.Understanding which factors enhance or stop public bike sharing is critical in helping cities decide whether such a program is workable, before considering what design and sitting will work best.Drawing on current knowledge, we discuss the importance of the local landscape, cli

5、mate, cycling infrastructure (基础设施) and land use. We also touch on other factors, such as the legal environment and the characteristics of the bike-sharing program itself.Take natural environment for example. Two natural environment factors are known to affect participation: hilliness and weather. H

6、illiness discourages balanced bike-sharing use, as users avoid returning bicycles to stations on hilltops. Those stations end up being empty, while stations on flat areas are often full, so users cannot find a station to return their bikes.As for weather, ideal temperature ranges vary by the climate

7、 zone. Case studies show warm and dry weather encourages public bike-sharing use. Rain and strong wind reduce the frequency of trips. However, some approaches, such as providing sheltered, shaded, or even heated or cooled cycling infrastructure, could prove useful.1What can we infer about bike shari

8、ng from Paragraph 1?AIt has no disadvantage.BIt is welcomed worldwide.CIt can solve every problem.DIt is the symbol of modern cities.2What is the current situation of bike-sharing programs?AMany of them run at a loss.BMost of them make huge profits.CThey are the most promising business.DTheir develo

9、pment is determined by public investment.3Why does the author mention the natural environment?ATo show users interest in various natural environment.BTo show the decisive function of natural environment.CTo show the necessity of bike-sharing programs.DTo show the significance of some factors.4Which

10、of the following might increase bike-sharing use?AHilliness.BAttractive bikes.CRain and strong wind.DPerfect cycling infrastructure.Passage 2（2020湖北华中师大一附中一模） Recently, online hike-sharing has become the new favorite in China. In major cities, bikes in, yellow, orange, blue, white and green, can be

11、seen almost everywhere on the street. It seems that these bikes appeared suddenly, adding a new beautiful scenery to Chinese cities.Both the market and the public welcome online bike-sharing, but is it really a promising business? Well, it depends. After all, online bike-sharing platforms can never

12、get away with huge operating cost and uncertain government policy.Some theorists might say that online bike-sharing platforms can earn a fortune simply through deposit. Since users will always need to rent bikes, their deposit will always be kept to online bike-sharing platforms.However, although on

13、line bike-sharing platforms may be able to use the deposit for other purposes at the primary stage, they will have to set up a special account, so that the deposit shall be used specially for its designated (指定的) purpose. As the market gets increasingly mature, they will have to do so whether to be

14、responsible for users or in consideration of possible government regulations.Now that online hike-sharing platforms cant make profit through deposit，how can they become profitable as fiercer marketunfolds? Although Hu Weiwei, CEO of Mobike, stated in an article that she would take Mobike as charitab

15、le(慈善的) project if she failed, running a startup is absolutely different from managing a charity organization. After all , she has to pay back investors billions of investment(投资).To make profit, online bike-sharing platforms might have to increase rent fee for each trip, just as Didi did.From this

16、aspect, it might be a really good business. If we consider full screen ads fee, recommendation fee for business owners, etc. , its annual income might reach at least RMB 15 billion. If we consider the huge operation cost, including bike repairs，bikes service life and labor cost, there might not be m

17、uch net profit left. After all, offline operation cost has always been an unbearable burden for such internet plus mode-based startups.5How does the author feel about the future of online bike-sharing platforms?AOptimistic.BDoubtful.CHopeful.DSecure.6How do some theorists think online bike-sharing p

18、latforms can make money?AThrough advertisements.BThrough services.CThrough deposit.DThrough investment.7How should deposit be dealt with when the market is mature according to the author?AUsed for other purposes.BKept in a special account.CUsed for charity.DLeft aside to the users.8What does the und

19、erlined word unfolds mean in the passage?AShrinks.BSpreads.CShows.DDevelops.Passage 3（2021陕西西安市庆华中学高三一模） Could bike share programs lead to greater cycling safety?In April 2015, Philadelphia introduced a bike share program. By 2019, there were more than 1,300 bikes and 400 pedal-assisted electric bic

20、ycles available. People used them for about 50,000 trips a month.Before the introduction of the bike share program, the rate of bicycle-car accidents had been gradually increasing. By May 2015, the month after the introduction of the program, the rate was twice that of January 2010.But the researche

21、rs, writing in the American Journal of Public Health, found that from that time through the end of 2018, the rate decreased by an average of 13 percent a year, despite the increases over those years in the number of bicycles on city streets, and even though Philadelphia made no major basic construct

22、ion changes, like adding many protected bike lanes (自行车道).The lead author, Ghassan BHamra, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said it appeared that there is safety in numbers: the more bikes on the road, the more car drivers adapt to their presence, and th

23、e safer cyclists may be.“We all know that bike riding is a healthy activity, physically and mentally,” he said, “but there might be concerns that if you introduce a bike share program there will be negative consequences. We saw no evidence of that in Philadelphia.”9What has happened to the number of

24、 bicycle-car accidents with the introduction of the bike share program?AIt has increased.BIt has reduced.CIt remains the same.DIt is unknown.10What is the result of more bikes on the road?AMany protected bike lanes have been added.BCar drivers are more used to their presence.CMore people take up bik

25、e riding as a healthy activity.DNegative consequences have appeared.11What happens between Ghassan BHamra and the bike share program in Philadelphia?AHe is in favor of it.BHe disapproves of it.CHe brought it in.DHe is concerned about it.12Which of the following can be the best title for the text?ASh

26、aring bikes, cutting accidentsBProblems with sharing bikesCBasic construction changesDShare program in Philadelphia Passage 4（2021海南儋州二中高三期中） Cities across America have set up bike-share programs as sustainable (可持续的) transportation alternatives to ease traffic jams. Yet despite these programs advan

27、tages and popularity, significant operational challenges remain.Residential neighborhoods face shortages of bicycles in the morning rush hour, while business districts have a lack of bikes in the evening. Whats more, parking docks can be full at certain hours when riders have reached their destinati

28、ons. Currently, many systems rebalance their bike supply using box trucks that reallocate dozens of bikes at a given time. This is a costly, time-consuming attempt that enlarges the systems carbon footprint. Thus, it is vital that rebalancing be as efficient as possible. With that in mind, my collea

29、gues and I set out to develop advanced algorithms (算法) to deal with the novel challenges of bike-share operations.One area to which our methods were applied was the Bike Angels program that our collaborators run in cities across the country. Initially, riders of Bike Angels earn points by renting or

30、 returning bikes at certain high-need stations.In a study, we found that these fixed patterns cause inefficiencies when returns are incentivized (激励) in locations where they do not actually help with rebalancing.The changes to operational patterns we made based on our algorithms can increase the eff

31、iciency of the incentives by around 15 percent. And importantly, this form of rebalancing comes with a much better carbon footprint than box trucks!Our algorithms are applied for other purposes, too. For instance, by analyzing usage information, we were able to help operators make accurate determina

32、tions about whether they need to send out crews to fix a broken bike or dock as well as dealing with maintenance (维修) issues in a timely manner.To be sure, algorithms cant fix every new transportation problem and they have many limitations. But what is clear is that many challenges that come with ne

33、w options, including e-bikes and free-floating bike-share systems, require the real-time data-driven approaches.13What can we learn about bike-share programs in Paragraph 1?AThey have many drawbacks.BThey add a burden to city traffic.CThey work much better in business districts.DThey increase the po

34、pularity of sharing economy.14What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?AHow to reduce box trucks carbon footprint.BHow to use box trucks to reallocate bikes.CHow to rebalance bike supply efficiently.DHow to help riders earn more points.15Which of the following shows the

35、advantages of the authors algorithms?Increasing box-truck companies profit.Improving the effectiveness of incentives.Providing more incentives for regular cyclists.Making bike reallocation more environmentally friendly.Making the maintenance of bikes more timely and accurate.ABCD16What can be the su

36、itable title for the text?ACreative approaches to easing traffic jamsBAdvantages of developing advanced algorithmsCAn introduction of Bike Angels incentive systemDAn effective solution to bike-share operational problemsPassage 5（2019西藏林芝一中高三期中） About three decades ago, China was known as the “Bicycl

37、e Kingdom”But the twowheeled transports popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered competitors.But recent months have seen a renaissance of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to

38、 do sightseeing.The introduction of bikesharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level.According to data from iResearch Consulting Group, the first week of this year saw 5.85 million active users of Mobike while Ofo had 1.4 million active

39、users.People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones.The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public places for the next user.Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective answer to the “last mile” problem, which refers to a persons fi

40、nal journey.“In places where the subway doesnt reach and where its difficult to change from one kind of transport to another, its so easy to get where you want to go with Mobike，” Hu Hong, 29, said.She rides a bike to work.However, the schemes have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vanda

41、lism (故意破坏) and theft.“Bikesharing is a greener method of transportation and provides a userfriendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, ViceMinister of Transport.“But its a combination of online and offline business.Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience.”

42、In fact, these problems are also shared by bikesharing schemes abroad.Set up in 2007, Vlib is a largescale public bike sharing system in Paris.By October, 2009, a large number of Vlibs initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft.Bikes were found hanging from lampposts (街灯柱) or thrown

43、into the Seine River.17What can we learn about Ofo and Mobike from the text?ATheir bikes are aimed at people who cant afford a car.BThey are pioneers in the field of bike sharing in China.CThere are 7.25 million people using their bikes this year.DNo other bikesharing system in the world can match t

44、heirs.18Why are shared bikes convenient according to Hu Hong?AThey can be shared by a lot of different people.BThey allow people to use various forms of transport.CThey are a useful addition to other means of transport.DThey are accessible as long as people have smartphones.19What do we know about t

45、he existing problems with bike sharing?AThey are actually universal phenomena.BThey are brought by bikesharing users.CThey are mainly caused by the operators.DThey are the results of illegal companies.20What could be the best title for the text?AWhat problems does bike sharing face in China?BBike sh

46、aring: a new battle begins in ChinaCWhy is bike sharing popular in China?DBike sharing is booming in China.Passage 6（2020安徽合肥市第八中学高三月考）Right in front of the Minneapolis Central Library, a row of green bikes sits parked in a special stand. Each bike is designed with the logo “Nice Ride”-the name of t

47、he citys bike-sharing programme.Nice Ride bikes are a lot like the library books that people come here to borrow. To rent a bike, you simply use your membership card at a Nice Ride bike station. Members can rent one of 1,200 bikes from 138 stations throughout Minnesotas largest city. People use the

48、Nice Ride bikes to go to work, to go out on business, or just to enjoy the citys many bike paths.The rise of bike-sharing programmes like Nice Ride is encouraging more people than ever to choose biking over driving. Skyrocketing gas prices and concerns about the environment have also gotten people t

49、o dust off their bike helmets, pump air into flat tires, and hit the road.Why ride? Not only is biking good exercise, but switching from a car to a bike also cuts down the amount of pollution in the air. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas linked to climate change, is one of the many polluting substanc

50、es that come out of a cars tail pipe.Bike-sharing systems are found around the world in cities like London, Paris, Barcelona, and Melbourne. The largest programme with 70,000 bikes-is in Wuhan, China.To make roads friendlier to non-motorists, the US Department of Transportation has invested more tha

51、n a billion dollars in cycling and pedestrian projects in recent years. The money went towards building thousands of miles of on-street bike lanes and pedestrian-only passages called greenways.21Which of the following can people do with the bikes?AEarn a living.BEnjoy bikeways.CCompete in a race.DRe

52、nt them out to others.22What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?ABenefits of biking.BPollution caused by cars.CMethods to use the bikes.DMeasures to decrease pollution.23Which of the following is true of Nice Ride?AChina has better public bike systems than it.BIt will take the place of taxi companies.CIt a

53、ttracts more people to choose biking.DThe government lacks money to support it.24What is the authors purpose in writing this text?ATo seek advice for Nice Ride.BTo compare Nice Ride with libraries.CTo raise money for bike-sharing programmes.DTo introduce the bike-sharing system in public places.Pass

54、age 7（2020广东珠海高三月考） Cities such as New York, Washington, Boston and San Francisco have launched bike-share programs to ease traffic jam, improve public health, and cut carbon emissions (排放). Cyclists in those cities tend to choose bike-sharing to make their trips to office or home faster, cheaper, a

55、nd more fun. Last year, U.S. bike-share riders completed nearly 46 million tripsmore than twice as many trips from the previous year.Yet despite these programs advantages and popularity, there are still huge challenges. Take, for instance, the distribution (分布) of bikes. The living area face shortag

56、es of bicycles in the morning rush, while business districts do not have enough bikes in the evening. Whats more, parking places can be full at certain hours, making it difficult for riders to return the bikes once theyve reached their destinations.Solving this problem is not easy. David BShmoys and

57、 his colleagues set out to develop complex algorithms(算法) and advanced analytics(逻辑法) to solve the challenges of bike-share operations.One area in which the methods were applied was the Bike Angels program. As part of the program, cyclists can be rewarded with points by renting or returning bikes at

58、 certain high-need stations. Today, Bike Angels accounts for roughly 30 percent of bike rebalancing in New York City. It has greatly improved customer satisfaction which, in turn, has more riders. And more importantly, this form of rebalancing comes with a much less carbon emissions, because less bo

59、x trucks are needed to move the bikes!David BShmoys and his colleagues applied algorithms and analytics to solve other problems, too. However, they can not solve every new transportation problem. They have many limitations, including incomplete information. That is, David BShmoys and his colleagues

60、only observe the realized rentals (returns) at stations at which bikes were available, not those that were blocked due to the imbalance of the system.25Which is not one of the advantages of bike-share program?AIt helps people save money.BIt helps improve the air quality.CIt provides more bikes for c

61、yclists.DIt helps people build up their bodies.26What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?ARiders do not want to return the bikes.BThe distribution of bikes is a big problem.CPeople do not have enough bikes in the morning.DThe bike-share program is very popular in New York.27What do we know about

62、the Bike Angels program?AIt had more users due to the algorithms.BIt increased the use of box trucks.CIt awarded riders cash for renting bikes.DIt re-balanced all the bikes in New York.28What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph probably refer to?Aother problemsBcarbon emissionsCalg

63、orithms and analyticsDTransportation problemsPassage 8（2021陕西安康高三期末） Uber has introduced a motorcycle taxi service in the over-crowded streets of Bangkok.The move is an effort to respond to what competitor Grab is doing, and Grab already offers a motorcycle option in the Thai capital, called GrabBik

64、e.It isnt Ubers first go at motorcycles. In 2012, the company launched a moto-taxi option in Paris for a few weeks as a short-term experiment. It hasnt tried another motorcycle feature until the Bangkok one, which it has designed for cities in developing countries like Thailand.Motorbike rides can n

65、ow be requested like any other Uber taxi on the app in three central Bangkok neighborhoods, and the driver will even show up with a helmet for the passenger.Motorcycles are part of the commuting(通勤)culture in Thailand, Douglas Ma said in a Statement, The new service would create tens of thousands of

66、 flexible work opportunities for Thais.Fares start at 10 baht(28 US cents), and cost an additional 3. 50 baht for each kilometer and 0. 85 baht per minute for every ridecheaper than the car service.Bangkok residents reported varying degrees of success at finding available motorcycle taxis in the cit

67、y after the feature launched Wednesday(February 24, 2016), ranging from a few minutes away to none at all. Uber declined to comment on how many motorcycles are available through the app.The startup said it has plans to roll out the motorcycle service in other cities in the near future, but it wouldn

68、t clearly state which ones. The taxi -hailing app is in over a dozen Southeast Asian locations, including Bali, Ho Chi Minh City and Singapore.29Why did Uber introduce a motorcycle taxi service in Bangkok?ATo compete with Grab.BTo change Thais way of commuting.CTo make a handsome profit.DTo ease Tha

69、ilands crowded traffic.30Uber started a moto-taxi option in Paris to_.Aattract public attentionBshow its motorcycle featureCdo an experimentDraise more money31What can we infer from what Douglas Ma said inPara.5?AThais only ride motorcycles when going out.BHe suggest that Thais accept diverse commut

70、ing cultures.CMotorcycle is a major way of transportation in Thailand.DHe believes Motorbike rides will have a bright future in Thailand.32When did Uber start the motorcycle taxi service in Bangkok?AOn Tuesday.BOn Wednesday.COn Thursday.DOn Friday. 试卷第11页，共12页学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司参考答案1B2A3D4D【分

71、析】本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了共享自行车目前的状况及其使用影响因素。1推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知，共享自行车在全世界的各大城市的投入使用及优点，可以推断出共享自行车在全世界很受欢迎。故选B。2细节理解题。根据文章第三段Many end up operating at a financial loss and depend on other profitable enterprises to cross-subsidize(交叉补贴) them. Some have resulted in thrown-away bikes becoming an eyesore.可知，许

72、多共享自行车项目当前处于亏损当中。故选A。3推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Two natural environment factors are known to affect participation: hilliness and weather.作者提及丘陵和天气两个自然环境对共享自行车的影响，是因为作者要说明一些因素对共享自行车的重要性。故选D。4推理判断题。根据文章最后三段作者提及共享自行车使用影响因素可知，完善的循环基础设施可能增加共享自行车的使用。故选D。5B6C7B8D【分析】该篇阅读为一篇说明文题材的的文章，文章主要讲述了时下中国较为流行的一种交通出行方式共享单车。文章的第一

73、部分主要介绍了共享单车给人们生活带来的便利，以及其广阔的市场前景，紧接着文章介绍了共享单车的运营方式以及盈利模式，在下面的部分当中文章又介绍了共享单车所存在的优势和劣势，并且分析了当前共享单车发展的现状。5观点态度题，根据本题题目“ How does the author feel about the future of online bike-sharing platforms?”对于共享单车这一平台的未来，作者有怎样的感觉？分析该题选项A optimistic 乐观的 B doubtful 表示怀疑的 C hopeful 充满希望的 D secure 坚定的 通过该题题目的内容可以将答案定

74、位到文章的第二段“Well, it depends. After all, online bike-sharing platforms can never get away with huge operating cost and uncertain government policy.”从uncertain这一词可以看出共享单车的未来存在着很多的不确定性，故该题选择D项doubtful表示怀疑的。6细节理解题，根据该题题目“理论家们是怎样认为共享单车这一平台有利可图？”因而我们可以将答案定位到文章第三段的Some theorists might say that online bike-sh

75、aring platforms can earn a fortune simply through deposit.所以我们可以得出选择C项。7细节理解题，本题意为“当市场成熟之时，共享单车平台会如何处理这些储蓄呢？”根据题目我们可以将答案定位到文章的第四段“However，although online bike-sharing platforms may be able to use the deposit for other purposes at the primary stage, they will have to set up a special account, so that

76、 the deposit shall be used specially for its designated (指定的) purpose. ”故该题选择B项。8词义推理题，“unfold”开展， shrink缩水， spread传播，develop 发展，文章中“how can they become profitable as fiercer market unfolds?”该句意为随着市场发展的日益激烈，他们该如何做才可以有利可图?结合该句话的意思可以判断出该题当选择develop 发展 最符合题意，故选D项。9B10B11A12A【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了自行车共享计划能够提

77、高骑车的安全性，减少自行车和汽车的事故率。9细节理解题。根据第三段中的Before the introduction of the bike share program, the rate of bicycle-car accidents had been gradually increasing.(在自行车共享计划推出之前，自行车和汽车的事故率一直在逐渐上升)及第四段中的But the researchers, writing in the American Journal of Public Health, found that from that time through the end

78、 of 2018, the rate decreased by an average of 13 percent a year,(但研究人员在美国公共卫生杂志上的发现,从那时候到2018年底，事故率平均下降了13%)可知，随着自行车共享计划的引入，自行车和汽车相撞的事故数量已经减少。故选B。10细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The lead author, Ghassan B. Hamra, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said it appeared that the

79、re is safety in numbers: the more bikes on the road, the more car drivers adapt to their presence, and the safer cyclists may be.(该研究的第一作者、约翰霍普金斯大学布隆伯格公共卫生学院的助理教授Ghassan B. Hamra表示，数量似乎是安全的：路上的自行车越多，就会有更多的汽车司机适应它们的存在，骑自行车的人可能也会更安全)可知，道路上自行车增多的结果是汽车司机更习惯它们的存在。故选B。11推理判断题。根据最后一段“We all know that bike

80、riding is a healthy activity, physically and mentally,” he said, “but there might be concerns that if you introduce a bike share program there will be negative consequences. We saw no evidence of that in Philadelphia.”(“我们都知道，骑自行车无论是在身体上还是在精神上都是一项有益健康的活动，”他说，“但人们可能会担心，如果你推出一项自行车共享计划，将会带来负面后果。我们在费城没有

81、看到这方面的证据。”)可推知，Ghassan B. Hamra支持费城的自行车共享计划。故选A。12主旨大意题。根据第一段Could bike share programs lead to greater cycling safety?(自行车共享计划能提高骑车的安全性吗？)及下文对推出自行车共享计划后自行车和汽车的事故率的研究分析可知，自行车共享计划能够提高骑车的安全性，减少自行车和汽车的事故率。由此可知，A. Sharing bikes, cutting accidents(共享单车，减少事故)适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。13A14C15D16D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了面对自

82、行车共享运营的新挑战，作者和同事们着手开发高级算法，这种算法有效解决了自行车共享运营问题。13细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Yet despite these programs advantages and popularity, significant operational challenges remain.”（然而，尽管这些项目有优势和流行，重大的运营挑战仍然存在。）可知，自行车共享计划在有优势的同时，也面临着重大的运营挑战，再结合第二段内容“Residential neighborhoods face shortages of bicycles in the morning rush

83、 hour, while business districts have a lack of bikes in the evening. Whats more, parking docks can be full at certain hours when riders have reached their destinations.”（居民区在早高峰时间面临自行车短缺，而商业区在晚上则缺乏自行车。更重要的是，当车手到达目的地时，停车场在特定的时间可能会满员。）可知，这些运营挑战包括不同地区在不同的时间段里面临自行车短缺问题，特定时间停车场满员等。由此可知，从第1段内容中我们可以得知，自行车共

84、享计划有很多缺点。故选A项。14词句猜测题。根据划线单词上句“Thus, it is vital that rebalancing be as efficient as possible.”（因此，至关重要的是，再平衡是尽可能高效的。）可知，现阶段需要解决的是如何能高效地进行共享自行车的再平衡。由此可知，考虑到“如何有效地重新平衡自行车供应”，我和我的同事们着手开发高级算法，以应对自行车共享运营的新挑战，划线单词“that”代指“如何有效地重新平衡自行车供应”。故选C项。15细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“The changes to operational patterns we made b

85、ased on our algorithms can increase the efficiency of the incentives by around 15 percent. And importantly, this form of rebalancing comes with a much better carbon footprint than box trucks!”（根据我们的算法对操作模式进行的更改可以将激励的效率提高15%左右。重要的是，这种形式的再平衡带来了比箱式卡车更好的碳足迹！）可知，作者的算法提高了激励的有效性，同时，使自行车重新分配更环保，与选项和表述一致；根据第

86、六段关键句“For instance, by analyzing usage information, we were able to help operators make accurate determinations about whether they need to send out crews to fix a broken bike or dock as well as dealing with maintenance (维修) issues in a timely manner.”（例如，通过分析使用信息，我们能够帮助运营商准确确定他们是否需要派出人员修理损坏的自行车或停车场地

87、，并及时处理维修问题。）可知，作者的算法使自行车的保养更加及时和准确，与选项表述一致，由此可知，作者算法的优点为所阐述的内容。故选D项。16主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合第二段关键句“With that in mind, my colleagues and I set out to develop advanced algorithms (算法) to deal with the novel challenges of bike-share operations.”（考虑到这一点，我和我的同事们着手开发高级算法，以应对自行车共享运营的新挑战）可知，文章主要讲述了面对自行车共享运营的新挑战，作者

88、和同事们着手开发高级算法，这种算法提高了激励的有效性、使自行车重新分配更环保，同时，使自行车的保养更加及时和准确，有效解决了自行车共享运营问题。“An effective solution to bike-share operational problems”意为“自行车共享运营问题的有效解决方案”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。17B18C19A20D【分析】本文为一篇说明文。说明了共享单车带来的一系列好处和问题。17细节理解题。根据第二段“The introduction of bikesharing schemes, first developed by new companies l

89、ike Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level.”可知Ofo和Mobike最早在中国建立，是中国自行车共享领域的先驱。故选B项。18细节理解题。根据第三段“In places where the subway doesnt reach and where its difficult to change from one kind of transport to another, its so easy to get where you want to go with Mobike， Hu Hong, 29, said.”可知在一

90、种交通工具到另一种交通工具很难进行转换的时候，共享单车补充了其他交通工具，是很好的选择。故选C项。19细节理解题。根据最后一段“In fact, these problems are also shared by bikesharing schemes abroad.”可知共享单车问题在国内外都存在，这些问题实际上是普遍现象。故选A项。20主旨大意题。分析全文可知，文章介绍了短时间内在中国爆发的共享单车带来的一系列好处和问题，D项“自行车共享在中国正蓬勃发展。”符合文章主旨。故选D项。21B22A23C24D【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个城市自行车共享的项目，鼓励人们骑车出行，减少污染。

91、21细节理解题。根据第二段提到 People use the Nice Ride bikes to go to work, to go out on business, or just to enjoy the citys many bike paths.可知，人们用自行车可以去工作，谈生意，享受城市的自行车道，故选 B。22主旨大意题。根据第四段提到 Not only is biking good exercise, but switching from a car to a bike also reduces the amount of pollution in the air.可知，骑自

92、行车车不仅仅可以锻炼身体，还能减少汽车有害气体的排放，有助于环保，所以第四段主要是关于自行车的益处。故选 A。23细节理解题。根据文中提到鼓励人们骑自行车而不是取代车辆，故 A 错误；根据倒数第二 段提到 The largest program-with 70,000 bikes-is in Wuhan, China.可知，有一个项目 在中国，而不是自行车体系，故 B 项错误；根据最后一段提到 To make roads friendlier to non-motorists, the U.S. Department of Transportation has invested more th

93、an a billion dollars in cycling and pedestrian projects in recent years.可知政府大量的投入，故 D 项错误；根据第三段提到 The rise of bike-sharing programmes like Nice Ride is encouraging more people than ever to choose biking over driving.s 可知，像Nice Ride这样的共享单车项目的兴起，正鼓励比以往更多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车。所以C选项正确。故选 C。24推理判断题。阅读原文根据首段Each

94、bike is designed with the logo “Nice Ride”-the name of the citys bike-sharing programme.可知，每辆自行车的设计都带有“Nice Ride”的标志，这是该市共享单车项目的名称。以及全文对Nice Ride的具体介绍。由此判断出作者写作目的是为了介绍公共场所的共享自行车系统，故选 D。25C26B27A28C【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。纽约、华盛顿、波士顿和旧金山等城市已经启动了共享单车项目，以缓解交通堵塞、改善公共卫生和减少碳排放。在这些城市，骑自行车的人倾向于选择共享单车，以使他们去办公室或家里的旅程更快、更

95、便宜、更有趣。尽管这些项目有其优势和受欢迎程度，仍然存在巨大的挑战。25细节理解题。根据第一段Cities such as New York, Washington, Boston and San Francisco have launched bike-share programs to ease traffic jam, improve public health, and cut carbon emissions (排放). Cyclists in those cities tend to choose bike-sharing to make their trips to office

96、 or home faster, cheaper, and more fun. Last year, U.S. bike-share riders completed nearly 46 million tripsmore than twice as many trips from the previous year.“纽约、华盛顿、波士顿和旧金山等城市已经启动了共享单车项目，以缓解交通堵塞、改善公共卫生和减少碳排放。在这些城市，骑自行车的人倾向于选择共享单车，以使他们去办公室或家里的旅程更快、更便宜、更有趣。去年，美国共享单车用户完成了近4600万次出行，是前一年的两倍多。”由此推知，“它为

97、骑自行车的人提供了更多的自行车” 不是共享单车计划的优点之一。故选C。26段落大意题。根据第二段中Yet despite these programs advantages and popularity, there are still huge challenges. Take, for instance, the distribution (分布) of bikes.“然而，尽管这些项目有其优势和受欢迎程度，仍然存在巨大的挑战。以自行车的分配为例。”由此可知，自行车的分配是个大问题。故选B。27推理判断题。根据第四段中It has greatly improved customer sat

98、isfaction which, in turn, has more riders.“它极大地提高了顾客的满意度，而这反过来又带来了更多的顾客。”可知，the Bike Angels program有了更多的使用者。故选A。28词义指代题。根据最后一段David B. Shmoys and his colleagues applied algorithms and analytics to solve other problems, too. However, they can not solve every new transportation problem. David B. Shmoy

99、s和他的同事们也用算法和分析来解决其他问题。然而，他们不能解决每一个新的交通问题。”由此推知，划线词they指代的是上句中的algorithms and analytics。故选C。29A30C31D32B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述优步在曼谷拥挤的街道上推出了一项摩托车出租车服务，并计划在不久的将来在其他城市推出摩托车服务。29细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The move is an effort to respond to what competitor Grab is doing, and Grab already offers a motorcycle option in t

100、he Thai capital, called GrabBike.（此举是为了应对竞争对手Grab正在做的事情，Grab已经在泰国首都提供了一种名为GrabBike的摩托车服务。）”可知优步的竞争对手、打车软件公司Grab已经先于优步推出了这种服务“GrabBike”，于是优步赶紧跟上,即与Grab竞争。故选A。30细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 2012, the company launched a moto-taxi option in Paris for a few weeks as a short-term experiment.（2012年，作为短期试验，该公司在巴黎推出了一项为

101、期几周的摩托车出租服务。）”可知2012年，优步就曾在巴黎短期试验过摩托车出租服务。故选C。31推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Motorcycles are part of the commuting(通勤)culture in Thailand, Douglas Ma said in a Statement, The new service would create tens of thousands of flexible work opportunities for Thais.”可知，优步亚洲推广总监道格拉斯马在一份声明中称：“泰国人本来就比较喜欢用摩托通勤。”他认为，摩的服务将会“为泰

102、国带来成千上万个更加灵活的工作机会”，由此推断，他认为摩托车服务在泰国会有一个光明的未来，故选D。32细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Bangkok residents reported varying degrees of success at finding available motorcycle taxis in the city after the feature launched Wednesday（February 24, 2016）, ranging from a few minutes away to none at all.（该功能于周三（2016年2月24日）推出后，曼谷居民报告称，他们在市内找到可用的摩托车出租车的成功率各不相同，有的几分钟就能找到，有的根本找不到。）”可知，优步在曼谷的摩托车租车服务是周三开始的。故选B。答案第9页，共1页