1、.单词拼写根据词义写出英文单词。1_ n& vt.缺乏2_ adj. 令人敬重的；值得的；有价值的3_ adj.& n& vt. 平等的；同等的人；相等物；与相同或相等4_ adj. 志愿的，自愿的5_ vt.&vi. 贡献；捐赠6_ adj. 重要的；值得花时间的7_ vt. 卖得；取来，去拿来8_ vt.&vi. 出口，输出n. 输出品；出口9_ adj. 可供替代的n. 可供选择的事物10_ adj. 偏远的，偏僻的11_ n. 慈善机构；赈济；仁爱12_ n. 贫穷，贫困13_ n. 手段，方法14_ adj. 原始的15_ vt. 获得；赢得16_ adj. 麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的1
2、7_ n. 助手，助理adj. 助理的，副的18_ adj. 空着的；未被占用的；空缺的19_ n. 人群vi.&vt. 挤满，使拥挤20_n. 障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物答案：1.lack2.worthy3.equal4.voluntary5.contribute6.worthwhile7.fetch8.export9.alternative10remote11.charity12.poverty13.means14primitive15.obtain16.troublesome17.assistant18.vacant19.crowd20.barrier.单词拓展写出下列单词及其派生词。1_
3、 n描写(文字)，形容，说明_ v. 描写2_ adj. 政治的；政府的_ n. 政治3_ vt. 购得；获得_ n. 得到；获得4_ vi.& vt. 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强_ n. 扩展5_ adj. 紧急的，紧迫的_ v. 催促_ n. 紧急，紧急的事6_ n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死_ v. 挨饿_ adj. 挨饿的7_ n. 个人财产；拥有，具有_ vt. 拥有，具有8_ n. 承诺，保证；投入，奉献_ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的9_ adj. 多泥的，泥泞的_ n. 泥10_ n. 山；山脉_ adj. 多山的答案：1.description；describe2.pol
4、itical；politics3.acquire；acquisition4.expand；expansion5.urgent；urge；urgency6.starvation；starve；starving7.possession；possessmitment；committed9.muddy；mud10mountain；mountainous1_ 缺少，缺乏2_ 提及，提到3_ 接纳，承担，雇用，呈现4_ 除以外(还)，此外5_ 吸引某人的注意力6_ 供养7_ 在的庇护下，在的管理下8_ 对来说是可得到的/可利用的9_ 出故障，抛锚10_ 处于混乱状态11_ 提醒某人某事12_ 和交流13_
5、 回想14_ 有作用(关系，影响)15_ 抓住答案：1.(a)lack of2.refer to3.take on4.in addition5.draw ones attention to6.provide for7.under the umbrella of.8.be available to.9.break down10.in chaos/in a mess11.remind sb.of sth.municate with.13.think back to14.make a difference to15get hold of语境填词In order to (1)_(获得)the supp
6、ort of the crowds，the candidate made a (2)_(政治的)speech.In his speech，he (3)_(涉及到)to his administrative programme: to realize the (4)_(平等)of the people，to solve the (5)_(贫穷)and (6)_(饥饿)，to expand the (7)_(出口)of goods and to settle the environment pollution and (8)_(缺乏)of water，etc.In brief，he (9)_(描绘
7、)a beautiful future to the people in his speech.答案： (1)obtain(2)political(3)referred(4)equality(5)poverty(6)starvation(7)export (8)lack (9)described1as引导非限制性定语从句As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.仿写她很耐心，正如她工作中所表现出来的一样。She is very patient，_ in her work.2feel honored to have don
8、e“深感荣幸”I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.仿写我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处。I _had the chance to live，work，and associate with them.3unless 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不；除非(否则的话)”One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone，as in many places water is not safe to drink unl
9、ess it is boiled.仿写我总是开着窗户睡觉，除非天气非常冷才关上窗户。I sleep with the window open_4If only.“要是多好”If only there were more people donating money to charities!仿写我太疲倦了。如果明天能请假多好。I am so tired._ I can take the day off tomorrow.5动词不定式作结果状语Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.仿写玛丽匆忙赶了回来，结果却发现她母亲在医院里奄奄一息。Marry
10、 hurried back only _in the hospital.答案：1.as is shown2.feel honored to have3.unless its really cold4.If only5.to find her mother dyingThe UN is an international organization consisting of countries 1._ want to promote world peace.It was set up just 2._ the Second World War by 51 countries while today
11、 192 countries altogether.The UN has four main functions: to keep international peace；to develop friendly relationships among nations；to work together in solving international political conflicts and in promoting respect 3._ human rights；to be a centre for organizing the actions 4._ work of differen
12、t nations.Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and disasters，the UN helps countries 5._ other problems such as lack of education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.At 6._ UN meeting in 2000，all of its members agreed to try and meet eight development goals by the year 2015，one of 7
13、._ is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone and 8._ is that all children complete primary education.答案：1.that/which2.after3.for4.or5.with6.a7which8.another lackn&vt.缺乏(教材P49)When there is a lack of food，there is hunger.只要缺乏食物，就会有饥饿。(1)lack for nothing没有欠缺(2)for/through lack ofn. 因缺乏a l
14、ack ofn. 缺乏no lack of 不缺乏，不缺少(3) lacking adj. 短缺的，缺乏的be lacking in 缺乏 (2014高考江苏卷任务型阅读)Negative influences include lack of moral sense，criminal offences，and overconsumption.消极影响包括缺乏道德感，罪恶感和过度的消费。(2013高考浙江卷阅读理解)Its not that exercise makes you healthy；its more that a_lack_of exercise leaves your body w
15、eak and easily affected by disease.与其说运动使你健康；不如说缺乏运动使你的身体虚弱，容易受到疾病的影响。The only thing we lack(for) is time.我们唯一缺少的就是时间。温馨提示lack作名词时，后常接of；作及物动词时，直接加宾语；作不及物动词时，后常接介词for；lacking为形容词，一般不放在名词前。【活用】用适当的介词填空(1)Peter was severely lectured for lack _consideration for his mother.(2)I will see that you lack _n
16、othing while you attend college.(3)None of his plans ever comes through because he is lacking _ determination.答案：(1)of(2)for(3)in worthyadj.值得的，有价值的；令人敬重的，相称的(教材P50)With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战
17、争及灾难的受害者提供援助。(1)be worthy of.值得/配得上be worthy of being donebe worthy to be done 值得被做a very worthy cause 崇高的事业(2)worth adj. 值钱，值得sth.be worth doing 做某事是值得的(3)worthwhile adj. 值得做的，值得出力的；值得花时间和精力的It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得去做某事。易混辨析worthwhile，worth，be worthyworthwhile值得，指花时间去做某事是值得的。可作表语、定语或补语。
18、worth价值，后接表价值的数量词。be (well)worthn./pron./doing(非常)值得be worthyof being done/sth.或to be done值得的；应得到的。worthy可作表语也可作定语，作定语时意为：有价值的，值得尊敬的，应受到赏识的。(2013高考江西卷阅读表达)Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it.钓鱼爱好者们认为他们的爱好是值得的。Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem worthy_of attention should be discusse
19、d at the meeting.约翰逊先生坚决要求那个值得关注的问题应该在会上讨论。This is a worthy EnglishChinese dictionary.这是一本有价值的英汉词典。【活用】一句多译这家工厂值得参观。(1)(用worth)_(2)(用worthy)_(3)(用worthwhile)_答案：(1)The factory is worth visiting.(2)The factory is worthy of being visited/to be visited/a visit.(3)Its worthwhile visiting/to visit the fa
20、ctory. equalv与相同或相等adj.相等的；胜任的；平等的n同等的人；相等物(2014高考山东卷阅读理解)She should be as free and equal as whites.她应该与白人一样是自由和平等的。(1)equal in比得上，敌得过 (通常不用于进行体)(2)on equal terms 平等相处；地位相等(3)equality n. 平等(4)equally adv. 平等地Women are demanding equal pay for equal work.妇女要求同工同酬。I cant equal_him_in strength.我没有他力气大。H
21、e has no equal in music.他在音乐方面没有对手。All men are born equal人生来是平等的。【活用】用equal的适当形式填空(1)Men and women have _ rights in China.(2)He is my _ in strength.(3)Dont you believe in _ between men and women?(4)Diet and exercise are _ important.答案：(1)equal(2)equal(3)equality(4)equally contributevt.&vi.捐赠，捐献，捐助；贡
22、献；促成，导致(教材P51)They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.她们每天从每个成员那里大约收集1.35元钱，然后把它们和政府捐助的钱加在一起。(1)contribute sth.(to/towards)捐献，捐赠contribute to (对)有贡献；有助于；促成；是的成因之一；捐(款等)给；向投稿(2) contribution n. 捐款；贡献；投稿make a contribution/co
23、ntributions to. 为做贡献Various factors contribute to his downfall.各种因素导致了他的垮台。Many graduates clearly do contribute_to national wealth，but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs.许多毕业生显然对国家财富做出了贡献，但所有投资和创造工作的企业也是如此。Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund？你愿意为医院建设
24、基金捐款吗？【活用】用contribute的相关词语完成小片段Kindhearted people from all over the country (1)_money_the poor kids，which (2)_their returning to school.A writer wrote this story and (3)_a magazine.来自全国各地的好心人为贫穷的孩子捐款，这使他们能够重返校园。一个作家写了这个故事，并给一家杂志投了稿。答案：(1)contribute；to(2)contribute to solving(3)contributed it to mean
25、sn方法，手段(教材P59)Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villagesno one has the means to pay them.医疗护理受限，因为在那些村子里根本没有医生和护士，没有人能付得起这个费用。(1)by all means一定，尽一切可能，当然行by means of 通过的方式by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，用倒装)by this/that means 用这种/那种方式(2)mean v. 意思是，意味着；意欲，打算adj. 吝啬的；自私的(3)mean
26、ing n. 意思，含义This is the only transportation means available.这是唯一可行的交通工具。(2013高考陕西卷阅读理解)Class means a persons economic position in society.等级意味着一个人在社会上的经济地位。By no means is_she an inexperienced teacher.她绝不是个毫无经验的老师。【活用】用means的相关短语填空(1)Thoughts are expressed _words.(2)Do you think their table tennis te
27、am will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?_Ours is much stronger than theirs.(3)Can I see it？_Here you are.答案：(1)by means of(2)By no means(3)By all means remindvt.提醒，使想起(教材P63)It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to
28、get the food.这使我想起在苏丹的日子，人们在抢食物时，好几位无国界医生组织成员受到了攻击。remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb.that 提醒某人，使某人想起remind sb.wh从句 提醒某人该(2013高考天津卷阅读理解)Similar efforts have been made worldwide，and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them，so
29、that other creatures can share the night.类似的努力已在全球范围内展开了，还有一个运动正在进行中，提醒我们当我们不用灯时要关掉，以便其他的生物可以和我们一起共享夜晚。The music reminded_me_of the happy scene in my childhood.这首音乐让我想起了儿时幸福的一幕。Can you remind me what I should do next?你能告诉我下一步该做什么吗？温馨提示与remind sb.of sth.中的remind有相同用法的词还有accuse，cheat，convince，cure，inf
30、orm，rob。【活用】用适当的动词填空(1)_ sb.of sth.治好某人的病(2)_ sb.of sth.指控某人某事(3)_ sb.of sth.骗取某人某物(4)_ sb.of sth.通知某人某事(5)_ sb.of sth.使某人相信某事(6)_ sb.of sth.抢劫某人的某物答案：(1)cure(2)accuse(3)cheat(4)inform(5)convince(6)rob refer to谈及，提到；涉及；查阅，参考；与相关(教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the U
31、nited Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN这个名称更常用。refer to a dictionary(look up sth.in a dictionary)查字典refer.to. 将提交，支付refer to.as. 将称作be referred to as 被称为Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients by name，not case number.现在一些医院提到病人时用名字而不是病例编号。If you dont know
32、what book to get，refer to the list on page 3.如果你不知道要什么书，请查看第三页上的书单。She always referred_to Ben as“that nice man”她总是称本为“那个大好人”。【活用】写出下列refer to的含义(1)What does the underlined word“them”in Paragraph 2 refer to？_(2)When giving the lecture，he referred to his note from time to time._(3)You should refer thi
33、s matter to our teacher for a decision._(4)As far as I know，he is referred to as a living Lei Feng._答案：(1)指的是(2)参考(3)移交(4)称作 break down出故障，抛锚；分解(教材P59)However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.然而，如果水泵出了毛病，修理是件很棘手的事，因
34、为得请一个来自最近的城镇的工程师来修理。(1)break up打碎，驱散，(关系)破裂break away from 从中脱离break in 闯入；打断(in是副词，不接宾语)break into 闯入(后接宾语)break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发break through 突破(障碍，包围等)(2)take down 记下来，拆掉put down 写下，镇压turn down 把音量放低；拒绝cut down 砍倒settle down 定居；安家(2013高考山东卷阅读理解)An old mans car broke down.一位老人的车抛锚了。The telephon
35、e system has broken down.电话系统瘫痪了。The talks broke_down completely in June 1982.和谈于1982年6月彻底失败。【活用】A用break的相关短语填空(1)A fire _during the night.(2)Water can be_ into hydrogen and oxygen.(3)Marriages based on money are easy to _(4)His house was _ last week.答案：(1) broke out (2) broken down(3) break up(4) b
36、roken into【活用】B写出下列句中break down的含义(1)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the airconditioning system broke down._(2)News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached._(3)Your health will break down if you work t
37、oo hard._(4)Plastic bags are difficult to break down._答案：(1)出故障；损坏(2)会谈失败(3)累垮(4)分解 think back to回想(教材P63)When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders，I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something wort
38、hwhile.每当我回想起自我加入“无国界医生组织”以来我在世界各地的经历时，我就感觉到能够帮助别人并且做一些有价值的事情是一种幸运。think about想；考虑；思考think of 考虑；想起，记起；想出think of.as. 把看作think out 想出；认真考虑think over 仔细考虑think highly/well ofbe well/highly thought of 高度评价think less of sb./sth. 认为某人/某事不好 When I think back to that day，I can barely recall how she looked
39、.当我追忆那一天时，我基本上想不起她当时的表情了。Nobody thought less of him for showing his emotions.没有人因为他表露了自己的情感而减少对他的尊敬。Didnt you ever think_about others?难道你就从没考虑过别人？.品句填词1Whenever a natural disaster happens，we should offer whatever help we could，to those _(受害者)2This is an indisputable fact that China has been in _(拥有)
40、 of Diaoyu Islands since ancient times.3In the _(偏僻的) country area，we often fail to receive strong mobile phone signal.4Fitness is important in sport，but of at least _(相等的) importance are skills.5I think your proposal is _(值得的) of consideration.6The writer _(扩展)one sentence into a paragraph.7When th
41、e post finally fell _(空缺的)，they offered it to Fiona.8We have the _(供选择的)plans of having a picnic or taking a boat trip.9Im sorry.I cant go out with you.I have an _(紧急的)thing to settle.10Karl Marx was forced to leave his homeland for _(政治的)reasons as a young man.答案：1.victims2.possession3.remote4.equa
42、l5worthy6.expanded7.vacant8.alternative9urgent10.political.选词填空refer to；in addition；equal；contribute to；under the umbrella of；break down；in chaos；remind sb.of sth.；think back to；make a difference1You can _ to a childs life by helping him/her go to university.2The film _ me _ those days when I was ta
43、ken good care of in the village.3This research center is _ Beijing University，to which its profits belong.4The computer system _ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.5When I _ those nights，it is the crunch of snow and the warm lights from the windows that I remember.6I arr
44、ived home to find the house _7The rule only _special cases.8We will be demanding _ rights at work.9_，time is also limited.10Honesty and hard work _success and happiness.答案：1.make a difference2.reminded；of3.under the umbrella of 4.broke down5.think back to6.in chaos7refers to8.equal9.In addition10.co
45、ntribute to.单项填空1_ in experience，she didnt manage to pass the interview.ALackBLack ofCFor lack ofDLacking解析：选D。lacking in.“缺少，缺乏”，是形容词短语作状语。2Eating too much fat can _ heart trouble and cause high blood pressure.Aresult fromBattend toCcontribute toDdevote to解析：选C。contribute to“是的原因，造成”。3Every means _
46、 prevent the water from _Aare used to；pollutingBwill be used to；pollutingCis used to；pollutedDis used to；being polluted解析：选D。means“方式，方法”，单复数同形，根据前面的every可知用的是单数，排除A；from是介词，后面需接v.ing，the water与pollute之间构成被动关系，所以选D。4The fire caused thousands of pounds_of damage.AworthBpriceCvalueDprize解析：选A。worth n“
47、价值”；thousands of pounds worth of damage“价值数千英镑的损失”。5The examination results _ in the speech of our headmaster delighted all of us.Arefer toBreferring toCwas referred toDreferred to解析：选D。过去分词作定语修饰results，refer是不及物动词，后加to才能接宾语，和results之间构成被动关系。 (教材P49)This land was difficult to farm but now water has
48、been pumped into the fields.这块地难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。This land was difficult to farm 是“be性质形容词不定式”结构。在这个结构中的不定式和主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，该不定式须用主动形式表示被动意义。动词不定式主动表被动的情况：(1)主语beadj.to do(其中不定式与主句的主语构成动宾关系)(2)不定式短语作后置定语时，如果主语或句中另一名词或代词是不定式动词短语的逻辑主语，并且不定式与所修饰名词有动宾关系，不定式主动表示被动。(3)常用于本句型的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，interest
49、ing，heavy，fit，pleasant，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible，strange等。 The site is extremely expensive to maintain and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it.这个遗址保护起来是极其昂贵的，要花三至五百万元来修缮。I found the car comfortable to ride in.我觉得这车坐着很舒服。The box is light_enough_to_carry这盒子轻得可带走。
50、(教材P57)If only there were more people donating money to charities！要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐助些钱就好了！句中If only.！意为“真希望！若是那该多好啊！”，用来表达一个不可能实现的愿望或假设，句子多用虚拟语气。(1)if only后面的句子中谓语动词用过去时表现在；用过去完成时表过去；用could/would表将来。(2)only if引起的条件状语从句，表示“只有(才)；只有在的时候，唯一的条件是”的意思；与if引导的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。If only I knew his name!要是我知道他
51、的名字就好了！If only we had_followed your advice!我们要是采纳你的建议就好了！If only I could see him again!要是我能再看到他多好啊！He will succeed only_if he does his best.他只有竭尽全力才能成功。温馨提示only if位于句首时，其主句应用倒装结构，if only则无此用法。Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night.只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。
52、 (教材P62)Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.来到这儿发现一切都是乱糟糟的。句中to find为不定式作结果状语；不定式表示结果常用于下面结构：so.as to do，such.as to do，enough to do，only/never to do，too.toWhat have I said to make you so angry? 我说了什么话使你这样生气？After the meeting，they parted，never_to_see each other again.散会后，他们分手了，从此再也没有见面。He hu
53、rried to the station only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经离开了。.完成句子1_(只有)his father has given permission_(杰克才能在泳池里游泳)2Dont come tomorrow.I_(宁愿你来)next weekend.3When he woke up，_ (只发现自己被捆) to a big tree.4If only _(他当时在这儿就好了)5这个提议值得仔细思考。_to think the proposal over.答案：1.Only if；can Jack swim
54、in the pool2.would rather you came3.only to find himself tied4.he had been here5It is worthwhile .句型转换1You are badly ill because you didnt see the doctor.If you _the doctor，you would be badly ill.2We usually go to bed at 10：00.But now its 11：30.Its _ that we _ to bed.3He made many mistakes and he di
55、dnt pass the test.If he _ many mistakes，he _the test.4I suggested that the student should have another try at answering the question._was that the student _ again at answering the question.5How I wish it were Sunday today._it were Sunday today.答案：1.had not seen2.high time；went3.hadnt made；would have
56、 passed4.My suggestion；try5.If only.单项填空1(2015江苏盐城中学学期调研)_ you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.AIf onlyBAs far asCSo long asDOnly if解析：选D。从后面的will you可知是倒装语序，前面需要only修饰条件状语从句。2If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much
57、 now.AliesBlayCshould lieDhad lain解析：选D。if only 意为“要是就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选D。3At the routine office meeting，the headmaster insisted that the problems _ paid special attention to.Areferred to beingBreferred to beCrefer to beingDrefer to be解析：选B。referred
58、 to为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the problems。insist表示“坚持认为，坚决主张”意思时，后接宾语从句，句中的谓语动词用shoulddo，should可以省略，故用be paid。4A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses，_ has happened in Iraq.AasBoneCwhatDthat解析：选A。as引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语。意为“正如”。5Tom，its time that you _your own clothes.I would rather you _that for me
59、 just like before.Awashed；had doneBwash；have doneCwashed；have doneDwash；had washed解析：选A。考查its time that和would rather句型中用虚拟语气。its time 后从句通常要用过去时。would rather句型中，表示与现在时间相反，that从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去时间相反，用动词的过去完成时。写作素材1在非洲一些国家是没有自来水的。2现在，工程师们正在教农民怎样用竹子运水。3这些非洲国家需要廉价的运水方法因为他们缺钱。4他们的贫穷是难以描述的。5竹筒运水让他们不用花太多
60、钱。6他们觉得这样做是值得的。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文。)_One possible version：There is no running water in some African countries.Now，engineers are teaching poor farmers how to carry water by using bamboo.These African countries need cheap ways to carry water because they lack money.Their poverty is beyond description.Bamboo pipes allow them to bring water to their fields without spending a lot of money.They think it is worthwhile.温馨提示完成作业：课后达标检测19