1、中国节日文化读写材料汇编（1）-春节+元宵节+寒食节1. Spring Festival春节The first day of the first lunar month is regarded as the New Year of the Chinese the Spring Festival. It is the most important and ceremonious traditional festival in China, just as Christmas Day to the westerners.During the Spring Festival, every famil
2、y is busy cleaning house in the hope of getting rid of defilements and preventing diseases. Also, they need to paste door-god, spring festival couplets, and the reversed Chinese character 福 (means blessing), and hang flags in the hope of praying for auspiciousness in the New Year. On the New Years E
3、ve, every family enjoys a grand dinner, shoots off firecrackers, plays dragon dance and lion dance, and stays up late or all night. People will pay a New Year call to one another from the first day, and it is not until the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, namely, the Lantern Festival, that the Sprin
4、g Festival is ended.On the New Years Eve, people working far away from home will manage to come back, regardless of long-distance travel, so the Grand Dinner on New Years Eve is also called Family Reunion Dinner. Whatever the financial condition is, every family will make the dinner the most sumptuo
5、us and ceremonious one in the year. Hostesses will fetch out foodstuffs prepared in early time and all family members will sit together and make dumplings with happiness. At twelve oclock, when a new year drives off the old, every family will shoot off firecrackers to greet new days and send off old
6、 ones. Following the New Years Eve is the first day of the Spring Festival, a day for paying a New Year call (bainian), during which people will be busy in giving best wishes to one another by saying such auspicious phrases as Happy New Year and May you be prosperous, etc. In New Years days, elders
7、will put some money in a red pocket (yasuiqian) and give it to children as a gift. It is believed that on New Years Day attention should be paid to ensure not to break up anything, or else one will miss good fortunes in the whole year, and that sweeping the floor will sweep off wealth and drive away
8、 good luck.Traditional food prepared for the Spring Festival varies with customs in different regions. However, those with auspicious names, meanings or shapes are favored, such as New Year Cake (niangao in Chinese, means higher year, suggesting better fortune in the new year, and has the shape of g
9、old and silver blocks), dumplings, the shape of which is similar to ingots, suggesting bringing in wealth and treasure, as well as fish symbolizing amassing fortunes.According to history records, the Spring Festival derives from god and ancestor worships in the Shang dynasty. Nowadays, this supersti
10、tious meaning has faded away and is replaced with a symbol of unification, happiness and hope.Helper:ceremonious sermnis 讲究礼节的，正式的，隆重的 defilement difailmnt 弄脏，污辱 paste peist 粘贴，张贴 spring festival couplet春联 reverse riv:s （使）颠倒 auspicious :spis 有前途的，有希望的 sumptuous smptus 豪华的, 奢侈的 foodstuff fu:dstf 食物，
11、食品 prosperous prsprs 繁荣的，兴旺的 ingot igt （常为砖形的）铸块，锭 amass ms 积累，积聚Chinese Brief Introduction: 春节，是农历正月初一，俗称“过年”，是农历新年的第一天，即为岁首。一般从腊月二十三的祭灶到正月十五，也有的是从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月廿三、廿四的祭灶，直到正月十五日元宵节结束，有些地方甚至延续整个正月，但均以除夕和正月初一为节日的高潮。春节时间延续长、地域跨度广，节日活动丰富，是中国最重要、最隆重，也是历史最悠久、最热闹的、最富有特色的传统节日。春节是汉民族最重要的节日。在节日期间举行各种庆祝活动，这些活动大多以
12、祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。Exercise:I. Questions:1. Why is Chinese character 福 put upside-down?2. Why is the dinner on the New Years Eve called Family Reunion Dinner?3. What do people often do on the first day of the Spring Festival?4. What does New Year Cake mean?II. Match the following numbers
13、of the pictures with their proper letters: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)A. B. C. New Year paintingsD. E. F. G. Red packetsH. I. III. Written work一些外国友人想了解我国过春节的情况。请你根据下面要点写一篇英语短文。1. 春节是中国的重大节日。2. 节前人们要大扫除。3. 全家人在一起吃年夜饭。4. 孩子们会到压岁钱。5. 年初一穿新衣服，走亲访友,人们见面时，相互拜年，祝福大家在新的一年里的好运气。词数：120左右Suggested ans
14、wers:I. Questions:1. Why is Chinese character 福 put upside-down?Key: Because when one sees the Chinese character “福” put upside-down, he must be surprised to say “福倒(到)了”. Here “倒”and “到”have the same pronunciation “do” in Chinese pinyin, which means happiness is coming. Its a blessing phrase.2. Why
15、 is the dinner on the New Years Eve called Family Reunion Dinner?Key: On the New Years Eve, people working far away from home will manage to come back, regardless of long-distance travel, so the Grand Dinner on New Years Eve is also called Family Reunion Dinner.3. What do people often do on the firs
16、t day of the Spring Festival?Key: They pay a New Year call (bainian), during which people will be busy in giving best wishes to one another by saying such auspicious phrases as Happy New Year and May you be prosperous, etc. Elders will put some money in a red pocket (yasuiqian) and give it to childr
17、en as a gift.4. What does New Year Cake mean?New Year Cake, niangao in Chinese, means higher year, suggesting better fortune in the new year.II. Match the following numbers of the pictures with their proper letters:Answers: (1) B (2)D (3)F (4) I (5) A (6) E (7) H (8)G (9)C III. Reading and WritingSp
18、ring FestivalAs you know, the Spring Festival is the most energetic and important festival in China. We celebrate it cheerfully. It may take place in January or February and lasts fifteen days. Before the festival, People often do spring cleaning, and decorate their houses. On the Eve of the Spring
19、Festival, people studying or working in other cities will come back. In the evening, the whole family are sitting together to have supper, watch the Spring Festival programs and set off firecrackers until midnight. On the first day of the New Year, all the people, old and young, especially children
20、will dress up and pay a visit to their friends and relatives. Its customs for the Chinese families to have dumplings and give children lucky money. When meeting each other, people usually say “Happy New year” to each other in order to wish others good luck in the coming year. Blessings:1. Good luck
21、and great success in the coming New Year. -祝来年好运，并取得更大的成就。 2. Good health, good luck and much happiness throughout the year. 恭祝健康、幸运，新年快乐。 3. On this special day I send you New Years greetings and hope that some day soon we shall be together. 在这特殊的日子，向你致以新年的祝福，希望不久我们能相聚在一起。 4. Please accept my since
22、re wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue to enjoy good health. 请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。 5. Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity. 恭贺新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。 6. Please accept our wishes for you a
23、nd yours for a happy New Year. 请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。 7. On the occasion of the New Year, may my wife and I extend to you and yours our warmest greetings, wishing you a happy New Year, your career greater success and your family happiness. 在此新年之际，我同夫人向你及你的家人致以节日的问候，并祝你们新年快乐、事业有成、家庭幸福。 8. Good luc
24、k in the year ahead! 祝吉星高照!9. May you come into a good fortune! 恭喜发财!10. May many fortunes find their way to you! 祝财运亨通!11. I want to wish you longevity and health! 愿你健康长寿!12. Wish you joy at this holy season. Wish every happiness will always be with you. 恭祝新年吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。13. May everything beautifu
25、l and best be condensed into this card. Sincerely wish you happiness, cheerfulness and success. 愿一切最美好的祝福都能用这张贺卡表达，真诚地祝你幸福、快乐、成功!14. May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace. 愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。 15. May the New Year bring many good things and rich blessings to you and all those you love!愿新
26、年带给你和你所爱的人许多美好的事物和无尽的祝福!2. Lantern FestivalLantern Festival, also called Shangyuan Festival, is celebrated on January 15 of Chinese lunar calendar. It is the first full moon night in the Chinese lunar year, symbolizing the coming back of the spring. Lantern Festival may be regarded as the last day o
27、f Spring Festival, the new-year festival of China, in other words, the Spring Festival does not end until the Lantern Festival has passed. Lasting to Lantern Festival, the busy atmosphere of Spring Festival on that day shows new visions and amorous feelings. Lantern Festival is regarded as a good da
28、y for family gather-together. According to the folk custom of China, people on that night will lighten up fancy lanterns and go out to appreciate the moon, set off fireworks, guess riddles written on lanterns, and eat rice glue balls to celebrate the festival.The tradition of appreciating lanterns o
29、n the Lantern Festival originates from the Eastern Han Dynasty, which has a bearing on the introduction of Buddhism into China at that time. It is a Buddhist convention that the monks would visit Buddhist relics and lighten up lanterns to show respect to Buddha on Jan. 15. Therefore, Emperors of tha
30、t dynasty, who were determined to promote Buddhism, ordered people to lighten up lanterns in both palaces and temples on that night to show respect to Buddha. Additionally, civilians were all requested to hang up lanterns on that night, which is why the festival is called Lantern Festival. In the So
31、ng Dynasty, the custom of guessing riddles written on lanterns on Lantern Festival came into being and people at that time wrote riddles on paper strips and then pasted them on the colorful lanterns for others to appreciate and guess. In the Qing Dynasty, fireworks were set off to add fun, and the L
32、antern Festival by then witnessed a record-breaking grand occasion. The traditional dim sum eaten on Lantern Festival is called yuanxiao (rice glue ball) or commonly called tangyuan. A meaning of family reunion and happiness may be felt even only from such name. Yuanxiao has its appearance made into
33、 a ball shape and white sugar, sweetened bean paste, sesame as the stuffing. Besides, walnut meat, nuts, and even meat can be used as the stuffing as well. Apart from the boiling manner, yuanxiao may also be prepared through deep frying and steaming manners. As time goes by, the Lantern Festival has
34、 enjoyed more and more celebrating activities. Some places even add traditional folk-custom performances such as playing dragon lantern, Lion Dancing, stilting, striking land boat, doing the Yangko, and striking Peace Drum. The Lantern Festival, a traditional Chinese festival which has experienced a
35、 history of over 2,000 years, is still very popular both at home and abroad, and any place where Chinese people live will witness a busy occasion on that day. During the Lantern Festival, Valentines young men and women meet with the timing, the Lantern Festival and become Chinas Valentines Day. （491
36、 words）Helper:amorous mrs多情的，热情的 fancy fnsi （构思者）奇特的，美国俚语真棒 riddle ridl谜语 have a bearing on关系到，影响到，有关 Buddhism budizm 佛教 convention knvenn 会议，惯例，习俗，规矩 monk mk和尚，修道士 Buddhist relics reliks舍利 Buddha bd 佛，佛陀，佛像 civilian siviljn 平民，百姓 dim sum dm sm 点心（中国食品） sesame sesmi 芝麻，脂麻 stuffing stf 填充物，馅 stilt st
37、ilt 高跷 undergo nd 经历，遭受，承受 Additional Vocabulary for the Lantern Festival:rice glue ball 元宵 lions/dragons dancing 舞狮/舞龙 guess lantern riddles 猜灯谜 play couplets game 对对联 enjoy beautiful lanterns 赏花灯 exhibit of lanterns 灯会 walking on stilts 踩高跷 land boat dancing 划旱船 yangko/yangge dance 扭秧歌 fireworks p
38、arty 焰火大会 traditional opera 戏曲 Lantern Festivals temple fair 元宵庙会Chinese Brief Introduction: 每年农历的正月十五日，春节刚过，迎来的就是中国汉族传统节日之一的元宵节，又称“”。正月是农历的元月，古人称夜为“宵”，所以称正月十五为元宵节。其中吃元宵、赏花灯、等是元宵节几项重要民间习俗。元宵赏灯始于东汉明帝时期，明帝提倡佛教，听说佛教有正月十五日僧人观佛舍利，点灯敬佛的做法，就命令这一天夜晚在皇宫和寺庙里点灯敬佛，令士族庶民都挂灯,以后这种佛教礼仪节日逐渐形成民间盛大的节日。该节经历了由宫廷到民间，由中原到
39、全国的发展过程。元宵节赏花灯是一个交谊的机会，未婚男女借着赏花灯也顺便可以为自己物色对象，所以元宵节可以说是地道的中国情人节。Exercise:I. Questions:1. According to the folk custom of China, what will people do on the night of the Lantern Festival?2. How did the custom of appreciating lanterns on the Lantern Festival come into being?3. Do you know how to prepare
40、 yuanxiao? Tell your friends how to prepare it.4. What kind of celebrating activities will be held in celebration the Lantern Festival?II. Guess lantern riddles1. What has a mouth and a fork but never eats?2. What has a hand but cant scratch itself?3. What has no skin or bones, yet has four fingers
41、and a thumb?4. What part of a watch was used before by someone else?5. Why is an empty purse always the same?6. Where can you always find money when you look for it?7. What is something that never asks any questions but demands a great many answers?III. Written work元宵节你要带你的美国朋友Tom去街上看活动,并给他介绍该节日的一些相
42、关知识。你可以根据以下要点作介绍: 元宵节是中国的传统 (traditional)节日,每年正月十五人们都要举办许多活动,比如吃汤圆、赏花灯、猜灯谜、踩高跷、舞狮子等。 注意: (1) 参考词汇: 猜灯谜guess riddles； 踩高跷walk on stilts； 舞狮子do lion dancing； 元宵节the Lantern Festival (2) 可适当发挥；词数:100左右。 Blessings:1. 元宵节之际，祝你心中有首快乐的歌，新年快乐！ Wishing you a merry song in your heart at Lantern Festival and b
43、lessings all year long！ 2. 在元宵节来临之际，祝你平安，快乐，幸福。万事圆！ Wishing you peace, joy and happiness and everything all the best through Lantern ! 3. 致以热烈的祝贺和良好的祝福，元宵节快乐！ Warm greetings and best wishes for Lantern Festival! 4. 快乐的元宵之际，谨致我的想念与祝福。 Think of you and wish you a Happy Lantern Festival. 5. 元宵节转眼又到，快乐也
44、到！我们向你及你的亲人们致以最美好的圣诞祝福，愿你在接下来的日子里事业兴旺，幸福美满！ It seems that Lantern Festival is here once again, and it is time again to bring in happiness. We wish the merriest of Lantern Festival to you and your loved ones, and we wish you happiness and prosperity in the days ahead! 6. 愿你元宵节幸福无尽。 May Lantern Festiv
45、al be filled with happiness for you. Suggested answers:I. Questions:1. According to the folk custom of China, what will people do on the night of the Lantern Festival?Key: People on that night will lighten up fancy lanterns and go out to appreciate the moon, set off fireworks, guess riddles written
46、on lanterns, and eat rice glue balls to celebrate the festival.2. How did the custom of appreciating lanterns on the Lantern Festival come into being?Key: It originates from the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Buddhism was introduced into China. It is a Buddhist convention that the monks would visit Buddh
47、ist relics and lighten up lanterns to show respect to Buddha on Jan. 15. Therefore, Emperors of that dynasty, determined to promote Buddhism, ordered people to lighten up lanterns in both palaces and temples on that night to show respect to Buddha. So it was the civilians. 3. Please explain to your
48、foreign friends why we Chinese eat yuanxiao on the Lantern Festival? Key: Eating small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour is important part of the Lantern Festival. We call these balls Yuan Xiao or Tang Yuan. Obviously, they get the name from the festival itself. Made of sticky rice flour f
49、illed with sweet stuffing and round in shape, it symbolizes family unity, completeness and happiness.4. What kind of celebrating activities will be held in celebration the Lantern Festival?Key: People go to streets with a variety of lanterns under the full moon, watching Lion or Dragon Dance, playin
50、g Chinese riddles and games, stilting, striking land boat, doing the Yangko, striking Peace Drum, enjoying Yuan Xiao and setting off firecrackers and so on. II. 1.A river.（河流有河口及分叉处）2. A clock.3. A glove.4. The second hand.（此处的second 指的是时钟的秒针，英文中的秒针与二手货正巧是同一个字。）6. Because there is never any CHANGE i
51、n it.（因为空的皮夹中绝对不会有零钱/改变。零钱与改变是同一个字“change”.）7. In the dictionary.III. Written workThe Lantern Festival is a traditional festival in China. It falls on the fifteenth day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year. Whenever the festival draws near, Chinese people make some preparations and take part
52、 in all kinds of activities, like singing and dancing. As every Chinese person knows, families get together on the day of the festival and eat tangyuan. In the evening, people go out to look at the bright and colorful lanterns, which is relaxing and pleasant. In some parts of China, people take part
53、 in activities, such as guessing riddles, walking on stilts and doing lion dancing. On the whole, the Lantern Festival is an important festival in China, just like the Spring Festival.3. Cold Food Day寒食节Haishi Day (or Cold Food Day) is the very day just before the Qingming Festival (also named Tomb
54、Sweeping Festival, or Clear and Bright Festival). On the day every year, no fire or smoke is allowed and people shall eat cold food for the whole day.According to the legend, the day is in memory of Jie Zhitui who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC).Jie was a good official in the Jin S
55、tate, working for Crown Prince Chonger. When Jin State was in disorder, Chonger was forced to leave for other states with his followers and supporters, including Jie. On the way of exile they went through all kinds of hardships and difficulties. To save the starving Chonger, Jie even cut the flesh o
56、ff his own leg and boiled for Chonger. After becoming the king, Chonger began to forget Jie soon. Jie was so sad that he prepared to leave and live in seclusion with his mother in mountains.重耳(献公子) 晋文公介子推Chonger felt so blamworthy that he in person went to the mountains to look for Jie. For it was i
57、mpossible to find him in the endless trees and hills, Chonger ordered to set the mountain on fire, so as to force Jie out. But Jie didnt show up; he and his mother were found to be dead in arms after the fire was put out, together with a note written by him in blood: I cut off my own flesh to devote
58、 to you, only to wish my king will always be clear and bright. In order to keep in memory of Jie Zitui, Chonger ordered to make the day Haishi Day, also named Cold Food Day. And on the Cold Food Day every year, no fire or smoke was allowed and people should eat cold food for the whole day.It was not
59、 until the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) about 300 years ago that the practice of Hanshi (or eating cold food) was replaced by that of Qingming, which had now become an important occasion for people to offer sacrifices to their ancestors. (348 words)Helper:exile eksal 流放 seclusion sklu:n 隐居 sacrifice skr
60、fas 献祭，供奉Chinese Brief Introduction: 亦称“禁烟节”、“冷节”、“百五节”，在夏历后一百零五日，前一二日。是日初为节时，禁烟火，只吃冷食。并在后世的发展中逐渐增加了祭扫、秋千、蹴鞠、牵勾、斗卵等风俗。寒食节相传是源于春秋时代的晋国，是为了纪念晋国公子的臣子。晋国公子重耳，流亡外国19年，介子推护驾跟随，立下大功，重耳返国继位，即，唯忘介子推，想请介子推上朝领赏，介子推坚辞不来，晋文公便亲自去请。介子推就背着老母，躲入。晋文公前往寻找，却怎么也找不到。于是他放火烧山，想把介子推逼出来。不料介子推却和母亲抱着一株大树，宁愿烧死，也不出山。晋文公伤心地下令把绵山改
61、称介山（即山西介休市境内的介山），又下令把介子推被烧死的那一天定为寒食节，以后年年岁岁，每逢寒食节都要禁止生火，吃冷饭，以示追怀之意。Exercise:I. Questions:1. When does Haishi Day happen?2. What kind of food are people to eat on Haishi Day?3. What do you think of Jie Zitui?II. Tasks of Reading and Writing: 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇不少于150词左右的英语短文。Halloween is very popular i
62、n western countries. On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes（节日服装）knock on their neighbors doors and yell Trick or Treat when the door opens. Pirates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in
63、. As they give each child a treat the neighbors exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks.Today school dances and neighborhood parties called block parties are popular among the young and the old. More and more adults celebrate Halloween. They dress up like historical or poli
64、tical figures and go to masquerade parties（化妆舞会). In larger cities, costumed children and their parents gather at shopping malls early in the evening. Stores and businesses give parties with games and treats for the children. Teenagers enjoy costume dances at their schools and the more outrageous th
65、e costume the better!Certain pranks（恶作剧）such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage cans are expected. But partying and pranks are not the only things that Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and medicine for needy children around the world.写作内容1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点；2. 以不少于1
66、20词就“中西节日的不同”为主题写篇短文，并包含以下内容要点：(1)你还知道哪些西方节日？你印象中的西方节日有哪些特点？(2)请具体讲述一个你熟悉的中国传统节日；(3)你更喜欢中国传统节日，还是西方节日？为什么？写作要求你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。评分标准概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。Suggested answers:I. Questions:1. When does Haishi Day happen?Key: Just before the Qingming Festival. This year, it fa
67、lls on April 4, 2018. 2. What kind of food are people to eat on Haishi Day?People should eat cold food for the whole day.3. What do you think of Jie Zitui?Key: He was loyal, devoted to his master. II. Tasks of Reading and Writing:On October 31st, people in western countries dress themselves in costu
68、mes to celebrate Halloween. School dances and neighbourhood parties are popular on that day. Jokes are played for fun.Many western festivals are very popular all over the world, such as Christmas, Thanksgiving Day, April Fools Day and so on. Personally, I think the western festivals are romantic and
69、 exciting. Colourful decorations are filled with all streets. People will gather together and hold parties. They have a good time singing and dancing during the parties.Traditional Chinese festivals are popular too. The Mid-autumn Festival is my favourite. It falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth
70、 lunar month. On this day, the moon is said to be its biggest and brightest so people meet in the evening and watch the moon. This festival is important because it is a special occasion for family. The traditional food, moon cakes, are made with bean paste, but nowadays there many different kinds of
71、 moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and even ice-cream moon cakes.In my opinion, I prefer the traditional Chinese festivals to western festivals. China has a long history and its festivals are full of cultural meanings. Chinese people enjoy food, the traditional activities of the festivals as well as the love of their motherland.
