1、2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十八）一：词组梳理1 be used to do sth被用来做某事情2 used to do 过去常常做某事情3 be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事情4 达到目标 achieve the goal5 across 穿过,和on 有关,指从上面,上方穿过, through 穿过和in有关,从里面,内部穿过6 walk across the street/bridge , walk through the forests7 担当,充当 act as , 执行 act on8 采取行动 take action /take meas
2、ures to do sth9 在某方面积极 be active in 积极参加 take an active part in=join in10 adapt to适应, adopt sth/sb 领养某人,采纳某事情11 总计达 add up to=in all=come to , 增加,增添美景/难度add to the beauty/difficulty12 把加到上addto13 除了以外(还有) in addition to=apart from=besides (看见also,else,other 选besides)14 足够的,适当的 adequate15 承认做某事情 admi
3、t doing sth , 否认做某事情 deny doing sth16 允许入内,被录取进入学校 be admitted into/to school17 预先,提前 in advance , ahead of time18 利用 take advantage of , make use of, by means of19 advice, news , information 为不可数名词20 给某人忠告 give sb advice on sth , 听取某人的忠告 take ones advice21 affect 动词,影响 effect 名词,影响 对有重大影响have a big
4、 effect on 22 be confined to 限制在,局限于23 be confined/be restricted 受限制 24 be dedicated to 奉献,献给25 be devoted to 被用于,贡献给 26 be directed to 指向,针对 27 be drawn to 被所吸引28 afford 动词,买得起,常跟在can,could,be able to后面29 有足够的金钱做某事情 can afford sth/to do sth30 be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事情 ; be afraid to do sth 不敢做某
5、事情31 after all 毕竟,终究32 in the morning ; on Sunday mornings33 at times 有时,间或34 atspeed 以的速度 35 attend on 照顾,侍候36 attribute to 把归于 37 back up 后退,支持38 base on 基于 39 be able to 能够,胜任 40 be about to 正打算 41 be accustomed to 习惯于 42 be associated with 与有关,与有关系 43 be aware of 意识到44 be capable of 有能力干45 be ca
6、ught 遇到,陷入 46 be committed to 被交给,答应承担义务二：习题训练（A）While we may think it feels good to complain, complaining has some bad effects associated with it.Why isnt complaining beneficial? Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity.The brain is designed to work efficiently.This means that when
7、 we repeat a thought, negative or positive, the nerve cells form a bridge between each other to pass information in a higher speed.Therefore, the next time we have a similar type of thought, it is more easily passed.This explains why certain thought patterns become habits.Yet the harmful effects don
8、t stop there.A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus(海马区), which plays a vital role in problem-solving, to become smaller.In addition to causing brain damage, complaining also releases a stress hormone: cortisol, a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet with some danger.Consta
9、ntly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity(免疫力).The ill effects of our complaining arent just limited to ourselves: they also involve those around us.We tend to mirror the moods of our friends.For this reason, we should be cautious about
10、 having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.The best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude(感恩).Just like complaining acts as a poison, gratitude acts as a medicine.Research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces blood pressure
11、 and blood sugar.It also decreases tiredness and depression.Gratitude is the perfect cure for complaining, a behavior that steals our brain power, happiness and physical well-being.What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in the lives of others? Have you noticed th
12、at when you are grateful, you feel better all over? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.1What do Para 2-3 mainly talk about?AThe diseases caused by complaining.BThe decrease of a vital part of our brain.CThe bad effects of complaining on brain power.DThe reason why certain thoug
13、ht patterns become habits.2What can we know about cortisol from the passage?AGratitude is an effective cure for Cortisol.BOur body produce cortisol when we feel exited.CCortisol is a chemical that can cause brain damage.DHaving a high level of cortisol can lead to many health problems.3What attitude
14、 does the writer take to stubborn complainers?AGrateful.BTolerant.CDisapproving.DSkeptical.4Where can the passage most probably appear?AIn a newspaper.BIn a medical report.COn a website.DIn a radio program. （B）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for _1_ (be)Britains oldest full-time em
15、ployee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _2_ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have _3_(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “L
16、ifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _4_(declare) she had no plans _5_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _6_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _7_ because I want
17、 to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call _8_ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was _9_ joke. But then we got an
18、official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _10_ (wonder).”答案及解析A【答案】1C2D3C4C【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，抱怨会导致在解决问题时起重要作用的海马区变小。除了造成大脑损伤，抱怨还会释放一种压力荷尔蒙:皮质醇，持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力下降。处理持续负面情绪的最好方法是培养一种感恩的意识。1主旨大意题。根据第三段Yet the harmful effects dont stop there. A study shows that complain
19、ing causes the hippocampus which plays a vital role in problem-solving, to become smaller.（然而，有害影响还不止于此。一项研究表明，抱怨会导致在解决问题时起重要作用的海马区变小。）以及第二段主要解释了抱怨如何对大脑产生消极影响的。故可知第2-3段主要谈论抱怨对脑力的不良影响。故选C。2细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and
20、lower immunity.（持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力下降。）可知皮质醇水平过高会导致许多健康问题。故选D。3推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.（基于这个原因，我们应该小心在我们的朋友圈里有固执的抱怨者。）可知作者对于固执抱怨者的态度是不赞成、反对的。故选C。4推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Please share your thoughts in the comments
21、 section below.（请在下面的评论区分享你的想法。）可知文章最有可能是出现在一张网页上。故选C。 B【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。1.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。2.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。3.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词
22、形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。4.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。5.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“的计划”，故填to retire。6.have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些
23、年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。7.but 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是而是 ”之意，故填but。8.saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。9.a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。10.wonderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。