1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Unit 2Lessons in lifeUsing language语法精讲素养提升被动语态(The Passive Voice)【语用功能】被动语态是动词的一种形式, 表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动语态便于论述客观事实, 故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。观察上面对话, 并完成句子: 1. The car is being repaired. 汽车正在修理。2. The early worm was caught by a bird. 早起的虫被鸟吃。3. He has been told many times to behave hims
2、elf. 他多次被告知要守规矩。1. 被动语态的各种时态一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/are doneis/am/are being donehas/have been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be done无shall/will have been done【巧学助记】 主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have done, 被动将been加中间。一般将来shall (will) do, 被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动,
3、shall (will) be doing。现在完成进行同, have (has) been doing。现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排, 一律随新主语变。否定助后加not, 疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词, 直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done, 双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主, 宾补、主补相应变。注释: “be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。“情助”是指情态动词和助动词must, may, can, shall, will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。“疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话, 应把主
4、语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。【即学活用】(1)(2020浙江高考)And, as more children were born, more food was needed (need). (2)The tiger shark is considered/has been considered (consider) to be one of the most dangerous sharks in the world. (3)(2020全国卷) The artist was sure he would be chosen (choose), but when he pres
5、ented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. 2. 主动语态变被动语态的注意事项(1)时态保持一致。*The teacher punished him many times for his lateness. 因为他的迟到, 老师惩罚他很多次了。被动语态: He has been punished many times for his lateness. (2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。*His best friend often looks after him.
6、 他最好的朋友经常关心他。被动语态: He is often looked after by his best friend. (3)主动语态中若有双宾语, 将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语, 另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy/mend/get用for; 动词give/show/pass/send/lend/bring/take用to。*Vivian gave me a book. 维维安给了我一本书。被动语态1: I was given a book by Vivian. 被动语态2: A book was given to me by Vivian. (4)主动语态若有复合宾语(即句子结
7、构为主语+vt. +宾语+宾语补足语), 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语, 宾语补足语不变。*They call him Louis. 他们叫他路易斯。被动语态: He is called Louis. (5)主动语态句中动词make, have, let, notice, see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时, 后面的不定式需要加上to。*Mr Lee made him wash the dishes. 李先生让他洗盘子。被动语态: He was made to wash the dishes(by Mr Lee). (6)主动
8、形式表被动。The poem reads well. 这首诗读起来很美。(7)有些动词(短语)不能用于被动语态 take place/happen/come true/break down/break out等。*All your dreams will come true if you try your best. 如果你尽你所能, 你所有的梦想都会实现的。3. 不同时态的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态*I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。*Computers are widely used in the world. 计算机在世界范围内得到广
9、泛应用。(2)一般过去时的被动语态*The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重损坏。*Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。(3)现在进行时的被动语态*The question is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题现在正在会上讨论。*The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。(4)过去进行时的被动语态*When I came to visit, tea
10、 was being served. 当我来访时, 正值上茶之际。*When they arrived, the experiments were being made. 他们到达时, 实验正在进行。(5)现在完成时的被动语态*The meeting has been put off. 会议已被推迟了。*The party has been planned since the new year. 这次聚会自新年起就已筹划了。(6)过去完成时的被动语态*By the end of last month, he had been robbed at least three times. 到上月底,
11、 他已被抢劫了至少三次。(7)将来完成时的被动语态*It is said that the building will have been completed before September. 据说大楼将于九月前竣工。*This class will have been taught by Mr Brown for two years by next summer. 到明年夏天, 布朗先生将在这个班执教两年了。(8)一般将来时的被动语态*The project will be completed next month. 项目下个月竣工。*The meeting will be postpon
12、ed till next week. 会议将被推迟到下周。【即学活用】 将下列主动句转换成被动句。(1)The government official told him not to waste time on fighting for rights. He was told (by the government official )not to waste time on fighting for rights. (2)I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas. My cousin was given a toy (by me)at Christmas. /A
13、toy was given to my cousin (by me)at Christmas. (3)My brother is cleaning the window. The window is being cleaned by my brother. (4)People living nearby have polluted the river in recent years. The river has been polluted in recent years (by people living nearby). (5)They named the boy Johnson. The
14、boy was named Johnson (by them). (6)People in the town laugh at Hugh for his fancy dress. Hugh is laughed at (by people in the town )for his fancy dress. 课时检测素养达标. 用所给词的正确形式填空1. John was elected(elect)president of the class. 2. Smoking isnt allowed ( not allow)in public places in China. 3. Oh, my go
15、d! Our house was broken (break)into last night. Look at the footprints on the floor. 4. They can go home as soon as the homework is finished (finish). 5. The reason why I havent moved into the new flat is that it is being repaired (repair). 6. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, stu
16、dents are hired (hire)each year in a variety of summer positions. 7. Before choices are finalised, parent/carers will be asked(ask )to sign to confirm their childs choices. 8. (2018天津高考)My washing machine is being repaired (repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. . 完成句子1. He is often
17、 sent to do this work. 他常被派去做这项工作。2. The boy was criticized yesterday. 这男孩昨天挨了一顿批评。3. They were hit by a natural disaster last year. 他们去年遭遇了自然灾害。4. History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。5. The song was composed by a friend of mine. 这首歌是我一个朋友写的。6. This matter must be dealt with. 这个问题必须予以处理。7. The c
18、onstruction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year. 这座桥将在今年年底建成。8. It should be said that the situation is basically sound. 应该说, 情况基本上是健康的。9. It is reported that the enemy were only ten kilometers away. 据报道, 敌人当时离那里只有十千米。10. It is obvious that the plan should be canceled. 很明显, 这计划应当
19、取消。使用本单元所学的被动语态完成下面语段翻译我的学校位于(situated)县城的西边。校园里种了(planted)很多花和树, 所以很漂亮。学校现在正在建(constructed)一座办公楼和一个实验室。去年建了(built)一个新操场。据说明年要建(set up)一个餐厅。教室和宿舍每天都打扫(cleaned)得干净整洁。我校每年的高考成绩在全市名列前茅(ranked)。我校值得大家来参观(be worth doing)。_【参考范文】My school is situated in the west of the county. Many flowers and trees have
20、been planted in the school yard, so it is very beautiful. An office building and a lab are being constructed. Last year, a new playground was built. It is said that a dining hall will be set up next year. The classrooms and dormitories are cleaned every day, so they are clean and tidy. Every year, my schools college entrance examination results are ranked top in the whole city. My school is worth visiting. - 10 - 版权所有高考资源网