1、第 六 讲：阅读理解 复旦 2006An expert suggested that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home. When the scheme was first put forward publicly, many people opposed it or hand serious reservations about it. One very experienced social worker opposed the scheme in a television interview. When
2、 asked to explain the basis for his opposition, he thought for a moment and finally confessed, Well, I guess, because its new. Thats my only reason.Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to prison.
3、The stigma of having a criminal record was an adequate deterrent, and nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison.Some critics rushed to take extreme cases. If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this, what is to prevent him from killing somebody el
4、se? This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system. One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself wet off to commit another crime. The reply
5、to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it.A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who was allowed to live at ho
6、me would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime.No immediate action was taken on the proposal. It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully. However, the idea was not rejected. Several governments appointed experts to investigate th
7、e scheme and make recommendations for or against it.49Peoples opinions are divided on the suggestion that .Asome criminals should serve their terms at homeBsocial workers can express themselves on TVC. first offenders should be sentenced to community serviceD. old offenders should be imprisoned50A s
8、ocial worker opposed the proposal for the reason that .Ait is uniqueBit is creativeCit is novel Dit is out-of-date51We can learn from the passage that the “bracelet” is supposed to .A. keep the track of the offendersB. detect the offenders attempt of murderC. be worn for decorationD. be worn by offe
9、nders friends occasionally52The supporters of the scheme will probably agree that _. Athe hard life of prison may prevent some people from repeating a crime Bthe life at home is too comfortable for the prisoners Chigh-technology should be deterrent to crime Dimprisonment will not achieve much to som
10、e offenders53The prospect of the advice is that _. Ait will be put into practice immediately Bit will be declined by the government Cit will be further carefully looked into Dit will be confirmed by appointed experts Dr Adams was tired and suffering from jet lag. His temper was not improved when he
11、was told, on arriving more than three hours late at New Delhi, that his plane to Colombo had already gone and that there would not be another until the next day. The airline staff were very sympathetic and assured him that they had already booked him into the best hotel in the city, to which the air
12、line bus would take him straight away. In the meantime. They hoped that Dr Adams would take the opportunity of seeing something of their historic city. The only things Dr Adams felt he needed at that point were a bath, a change of clothes, a good breakfast and then a long sleep. The hotel was luxuri
13、ous and very cool and comfortable. After he had eaten he pulled down the blinds to shut out5 the glaring Indian sun and then slept for most of the day. About 6.30 p.m. he dr4essed and went down to the hotel bar, where he got into conversation with another delegate to the Conference who came from Zam
14、bia and who would be traveling with him on the Colombo plane the next morning. They decided to dine together and explore some of the sights and sounds of India at night. The journey to Colombo was completed without mishap and Dr Adams and his companion were met at the airport by the Conference Secre
15、tary, Mr. Mahaveli, who had been informed of their impending arrival by the airline. Mr. Mahaveli took them to their hotel, where many other delegates were already installed, and made sure that they had the program for the opening session. On the morning of the second day of the Conference, Dr Adams
16、 read his paper, which was received with much interest. He was asked many questions by delegates in whose countries many of the problems he had discussed were commonly found. During the five days of the Conference he had opportunities to talk to agriculture experts from Jamaica, Kenya, Tanzania, Ind
17、ia, Gambia, Australia and Nigeria and he also met some old friends who had previously been students at the Commonwealth School. He heard from many of them how they were putting all that they had learned to good use and of the problems they were trying to overcome in their own countries. On his fligh
18、t home Dr Adams could not help reflecting that the Conference had proved how valuable the sharing of information and experiences could be, as an example of true cooperation between the develope3d and the developing world.54Which of the following statements of is NOT true of Dr. Adams? _. AHe was ang
19、ry about his late arrival at New Delhi.BHe was due to arrive in New Delhi late at night.CAfter dinner, he went out into the streets of New Delhi.DHe found long journeys exhausting and tiresome.55All the delegates to the conference were _. Astudents of the Commonwealth School Bfrom the developing cou
20、ntriesCfrom African countries Dagricultural specialists56The phrase “without mishap” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “_”. Aon the safe side Bimportance of conferencesCsage and sound Dat ease57The last paragraph of the passage was mainly concerned with _. ADr. Adams opinion of the conference Bimpo
21、rtance of conferencesCan example of a major operation DDr. Adams belief in friendship58The passage mainly tells the reader that _. ADr. Adams was a keen sightseer BDr. Adams was a well-read expertCDr. Adams had a meaningful trip Ddeveloping countries needed experts of all kinds复旦 2007Sarah Alexander
22、 celebrated the start of her last year at Wells College the way many other seniors before her have. She ran across the picturesque campus to the shores of Cayuga Lake, where she jumped into the water.So did many of her fellow seniors. But dozens of students decided to stay away, especially the relat
23、ively few newly arrived male students.Wells College, which since 1868 had educated only women, began accepting men this year in hopes of bolstering its dwindling enrollment. For many students and alumnae, it was a crushing decision. After the college announced last October that it would go coeducati
24、onal, about half of the students protested and two filed a lawsuit, which they later dropped.The students - 33 men and 383 women - came to campus late last month. Both sexes are now trying to navigate the new social landscape. Mr. Phillips said “You cant do guy stuff. Every time you want to sit and
25、watch sports or a game, it turns into a movie.” The women were “somewhat nasty” I could see the dirty looks in their eyes.” He said, “But I was not going to let that stop me from comings.”Wells was a place where women did not have to fuss over their appearance or fight to be taken seriously by their
26、 professor. They could enjoy the camaraderie of their campus sisters and their playful traditions. Besides jumping into the lake, the women dance around the maypole each May and kiss the feet of the statue of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, before exams.Ms. Alexander said,”People told us we wo
27、uldnt notice a difference, but from the moment men arrived on campus you could notice a difference. Women are waking up early to put on makeup, and thats odd, “she said.Henry Wells, a founder of Wells Fargo and a friend of Cornells benefactor, Ezra Cornell established this college, when women were n
28、ot considered capable of higher learning. “Give her the opportunity,” he wrote.The news that the college would go coed created ripples far beyond campus. One alumna wrote a letter to the colleges president, Lisa Marsh Ryerson, saying the founder would haunt her. “I believe Henry Wells would have hau
29、nted me if I let Wells College close,” said Ms. Marsh Ryerson, a Wells alumna herself.The great-great-great-great granddaughter of Henry Wells, Stephanie Redmond, 18, of Washington State, said that earlier this year a Wells student had tracked her down and asked her to support the protest. But Ms. R
30、edmond said the move to admit men had encouraged her to enroll at Wells this year as a freshman. She plans on a career in engineering, a male-dominated field, and said attending an all-womens college might have put her at a disadvantage.49. The primary reason for the Wells College to accept men is t
31、hat _.A. its enrollment rare is in declineB. the campus is lack of vigor and vitalityC. it will face the destiny of being closed downD. all-womens college might put a woman at a disadvantage50. A typical behavior for seniors to do is that _.A. they jog along the picturesque campusB. they switch spor
32、ts programs to a movieC. they celebrate their fourth year by jumping into a lakeD. they swim in Cayuga Lake accompanied by friends51. The change after turning into a coed college is that _.A. dirty looks in womens eyes have disappearedB. women get up early to make upC. women are waking up early to s
33、tudyD. women dance with men around the maypole52. The attitude of the author is that _.A. she hates a tradition of all-women schoolsB. she calls on women in support of the protestC. she dislikes the change and hopes to file a lawsuitD. she objectively describes the new and uneasy coeducation53. Whic
34、h of the following statements is NOT true?A. The enrollment of male students caused controversyB. The grandchildren of the college founder benefited most.C. The current president of the college was also its graduate.D. The founder hoped to give women opportunities of higher education.But what is tea
35、cher quality? How can one measure it reliably?An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is presumably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his stude
36、nts consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other
37、sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larg
38、er impact on their students achievement than others.Second, easily observable characteristics like having a masters degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated with teacher effectiveness.Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: firs
39、t-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fit
40、test (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed d
41、ecision is available at that time.The authors also investigate the contentious issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effec
42、t (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect (teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below
43、average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.54. The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the _.A. the first yearB. the second yearC. the third yearD. the fourth year55. The phrase “hit their stride” most probably
44、 means “_”.A. reach their normal levelB. become confidentC. walk with long stepsD. get bored56. The author of this passage holds the view that _.A. teachers will perform better with time passingB. ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than laterC. teachers effectiveness is apparent after
45、a couple of yearsD. a masters degree will improve teachers effectiveness57. Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?A. Students fell secure, so they respond better.B. Teachers sympathize with students of their own race.C. There are entirely some other identified reasons.D
46、. The reasons are far from clear and definite.58. Which of the following may serve as the best title?A. Tenure, Turnover and the Quality of TeachingB. Impact of Teacher Quality on Student LearningC. Different Sorts of Measurement IssuesD. Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model复旦 2
47、008If all goes according to plan, the entire North American continent will become a free trade zone devoid of tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers some time during the 1990s. This plan is the result of recent agreements and discussions involving the United States and Canada on the one hand and
48、the United States and Mexico on the other. Canada. Canada and the United States are already each others largest trading partners. In 1956, for example, the U.S. accounted for 71 percent of Canadian merchandise trade(exports plus imports); Canada accounted for 19 percent of U.S. trade. In 1988, a his
49、toric document was signed, the Canada-United States Free-Trade Agreement. In many respects, this event seems a natural consequence of long-standing friendship, common economic interests, and geographic proximity. Nevertheless, it took more than a century to reach agreement. In the mid 1800s, after G
50、reat Britain repealed the Corn Laws, Canada proposed bilateral free trade with the United States, and a limited treaty covering natural products only was signed. However, it was abrogated during the Civil War by the United States because of close Canadian-British ties and British support for the Con
51、federacy. After more than a century of fluctuating sentiments on the issue, the 1988 agreement finally eliminates all bilateral tariffs (in stages to be completed by 1998) and all quantitative trade restrictions. The agreement, it was thought, would particularly boost trade in agricultural products
52、(fruits, vegetables, poultry), mining products (coal and oil), and services (banking, computer, insurance, professional and telecommunications services, plus retail and wholesale wade). Both countries expected net gains between $ 1 and 3 billion per year. Mexico. Mexico is the third largest U.S. tra
53、ding partner, accounting for 5 percent of U.S. exports plus imports (Canada and Japan account for 19 percent each); the U.S. accounts for two-thirds of Mexicos foreign trade. In 1987, the United States-Mexico Framework Understanding put in place the first procedures ever for consultations regarding
54、trade and investment relations between these two countries. The mechanism was set up to resolve disputes and to negotiate the removal of trade barriers as supplement to GATT. In early 1991, genuine free trade discussions were set in motion and soon joined by Canada. The goal was the creation of a he
55、mispheric free trade zone reaching from the Yukon to the Yucatan and encompassing a market of 360 million people. Analysts foresaw major gains associated with increased specialization and trade. They also predicted major adjustment costs in the United States where low-skill jobs would be lost to tho
56、usands of low-wage assembly plants now clustered along the U.S.- Mexican border, while high-skill jobs ranging from architecture to engineering and telecommunications would get a noticeable export boost. Another likely consequence is that the future rise in real wages south of the border would slow
57、the flow of illegal aliens into the United States.49. The main idea of this passage is that ( )A. the new North American free trade zone will likely have many benefits for the countries involvedB. the United States has made great contributions to the establishment of free trade zonesC. a North Ameri
58、can free trade zone will give the United States significant advantages in its trade with JapanD. free trade zones will prevent illegal immigrants from entering the United States50. The details given in the underlined sentences in Paragraph 2 ( ) A. emphasize the important role the United States play
59、ed in the world trade B. provide evidence supporting a tentative conclusion C. illustrate how a free trade zone has worked in the past D. add believability to the statement that Canada and the United States are important trading partners.51. The authors likely purpose in this passage is to ( ) A. co
60、nvince B. evaluate C. argue for something D. criticize52. As used in line 5 Paragraph 3, the word abrogated means ( ) . A. abolished B. abridged C. ignited suddenly D. ended formallyGeneral Electric has found robots far more productive in some work than human work. In one case, a robot saved enough
61、to pay for itself in ten months. At Ford Motor Company, about fifty small robots are deftly fitting light bulbs into dashboards and speakers into car radios. The next phase of the computer revolution may well turn out to be the robot revolution. Robots have been fixtures in comedy and science fictio
62、n for a long time, but the first industrial robot wasnt used in the United States until 1961. Industrial robots scarcely resemble the stereotyped humanoid with flashing eyes and a control-panel chest. Theyre basically just combinations of a computer with very deft and efficient producing machines. W
63、hats really new, of course, is the extent to which these electronic wonders are transforming the way people work and the composition of the work force, especially in Japan. There are about 36.000 robots working in Japan and approximately 6,500 in the United States. In early 1982, Raymond Donovan, U.
64、S. Secretary of Labor, predicted that by 1990 half the workers in U.S. factories would be specialists trained to service and repair robots.Its easy to see why these steel-collar workers can be preferable to their human counterparts. They cause fewer personnel problems: theyre never absent, and they
65、never ask for more holidays, take vacations, or file grievances. They also give more consistent attention to quality control, are more efficient and effective performers, and are definitely cheaper to keep. Robots, which cost about $30,000 to $150,000 each, usually work two shifts a day. The displac
66、ed workers would draw salaries and benefits of about $790,000 a year. However, robots still cannot replace all facets of the human worker. The automated factory is feasible, but when it comes to reason and informed decisions, robots are still in the same league with machines, at least for now.53. Th
67、e details given in the underlined sentences in Paragraph 2 ( ) A. illustrate the technical superiority of Japanese technology over American technology B. show the growth in acceptance of robot workers worldwide C. demonstrate the need to catch up with Japanese technology D. warn against the possibil
68、ity that robot workers will displace human workers54. In line 3 Paragraph 1, the word deftly means ( ) . A. clumsily B. swiftly C. expensively D. skillfully55. The writer of this passage probably ( ) A. sees a role for both robot and human factory workers B. wants to see more robots employed in factories C. feels threatened by robots D. believes robots make manufacturing much easier