1、高一定语从句学习、 学习目标：（学生）掌握好定语从句的基础理论，为以后的全面学习做好充分准备。、重难点：关系代词及副词的选择和辨析。具体要点：1 定语从句的概念及关系词的使用；2 只能用that或只能用which的情况；3 which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别；4 whose 的用法及转换形式；5 介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和动词短语)；6 定语从句中的特殊情况。课前预习1定语从句的概念: 在句中修饰_或_,并且充当_的句子叫做定语从句。2定语从句必须有_词和_词。3关系代词(6个): _ _ _ _ _ _.关系副词(3个): _ _ _.4 关系代词和关系副词的用法归
2、纳：关系词充当的成分指代人或物是否可以省略关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词whenwherewhy课内探究1 用that不用which的情况总结：that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物，which只能指代事或物；两者都可以作主语或宾语，但是在下列情况下，只能用that来引导定语从句：1) 先行词是all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy ? 2) 先行词被all, few, little, m
3、uch, every, some, no 等不定代词修饰或被the only, the very, just the, the last等限定词修饰时。例如：These are all the pictures_I have seen. This is the very dictionary _ is of great help.3) 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons_they could remember at school. 4)关系代词在定语从句中作表
4、语时。例如： Our school is not the one _it used to be . 5)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：This is the best English film_I have ever seen. The first English novel _I read was A Tale of Two Cities.6)主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who或which。例如：Who is the girl _ is standing under the tree ? Which is the machine_
5、 we used last Sunday?即时跟踪训练：1.Is that all _ I can do for you?2.We are ready to do anything _ is of some help to others.3.The first novel _ I read is an English novel.4.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals _ you are talking about.5.Who is the boy _ was here just now?6.He is the only pe
6、rson _ I want to talk to. A which B that C whom D who 2 用which不用that的情况总结：1) 非限制性定语从句不能用that引导；2）介词+which/ whom中，介词后不能用that或who。即时跟踪训练：(1) Patience _ you cant do the work well , is a kind of quality. A. without which B. with which C. in which D. without that(2) He paid the boy 10 for washing ten win
7、dows, _(其中大多数) hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.(3) He reads an article every day after dinner, _, I think, is a good habit.3 which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别:as, which均可以引导非限制性定语从句；as引导的非限制性定语从句仅指代一件事（代指整个主句的内容），放在句首、插入句中或放在句末都可以；which引导非限制性定语从句时可指代一个先行词也可以指代一件事（代指前面整个主句的内容）。另外，as引导定语从句翻译成“正如、正像，像一样”，而w
8、hich及其它的引导词都没有实意。as 的固定搭配如下: the same as such/ soasas is known to all 众所周知 as is seen/ can be seen正如大家所看到的那样 as is expected 正如人们所期望的那样 as has been said before 正如以前所说的那样 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提及到的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事 as is pointed out正如所指出的那样即时跟踪训练： (1) _ is known to everyone, the moon
9、travels around the earth once every month. (2) He won the game, _ made us excited.4 whose 的用法及转换形式:1) whose必须后面接_，而后再接从句；2) 在定语从句中，whose+n.=the +n. +_ _/ _= _ _/ _ +the +n. 即时跟踪训练：She hesitated to buy the blouse _（其价格）had been higher than expected. 分析：在该题目的空格处还可填写_/_/_5 介词+which/ whom中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和
10、动词短语):在定语从句中，引导词除了关系代词和关系副词之外，还有一类特殊的引导词，那就是介词+which/ whom。例如：Thats the reason _ he was late for school. This is the book _ I spent 8 yuan.总结：介词+which/ whom只引导定语从句，其中介词的选择遵循的原则是_.方法一：结合先行词，例如具体哪一天用on，某年、月用in方法二：看从句谓语动词缺少什么介词，如，talk with sb about sth, spenton方法三：看习惯搭配，如in front of, take care of, be b
11、uried in, be concerned about等即时跟踪训练：(1) In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. in which B. to whom C. with which D. of whom(2)The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _ up to half will be from abroad. A. in which B. to whom C. with which D. of whom(3)L
12、incoln, _ life was once hard ,were elected President of American. A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. which另外，还有一种特殊的情况，那就是介词+whose+n.引导定语从句，如：A flood drowned the whole village, _ _ effect the people there were suffering.6 关系副词与介词+which的转换： when 介词（in/ at/ during.）+whichwhere 介词（in/ at/ on/ under.）+whi
13、ch why for which即时跟踪训练：(1)Is this the house _/_ _ Shakespeare was born?(2)Do you remember the afternoon _/_ _ we first met three years ago?(3)The reason _/_ _ he was late was that he missed the train7. 定语从句的谓语动词和_ 保持单复数一致。 I, who _ your friend, will help you.one of+the +n.(_)+关系词+谓语动词_ the only/ fir
14、st/ best one+ of+the+ n(_)+关系词+谓语动词_即时跟踪训练：(1)The Great Wall is one of the great buildings that_visitors.(2)The Great Wall is the only one of the great buildings that_ visitors. ( draw/draws) 8. way和time作先行词时的关系词选择：The way_ he explained at the meeting was easy.I hate the way_ you treat him.the way 从
15、句缺宾语用_ _ 或 _ the way 从句缺状语用_ _ 或 _ the way 从句缺主语用_ _ 次数：that，可省略；如:This is the first time_ I have visited Beijing.time 时间：when，或介词at/ during/+which；如:There is a time_ I hated maths.9. 在定语从句中as的用法：1) 作主语、宾语或者表语；2) 有含义，翻译成“正如、正像，像一样”，而其它引导词没有具体含义；3) 在限制性定语从句中，必须出现such或者the same时才可以使用as去引导定语从句；所以同学们应该特
16、别注意“题眼”such或the same；4) as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以放在句首，可以插入主句中，也可以放在句末。而其它所有的定语从句的引导词没有这个特权。此外，要注意这两个短语的区别：such/ soas. & such/ sothatas引导_从句，在从句中作_；that引导_从句，在从句中_.即时跟踪训练：l He is so lovely a boy such a lovely boy _ we like him. _ we like.10. 特别强调：l 定语从句的省略：在定语从句中，that、which、who或whom作_时可以省略。但是在非限制性定语从句中，wh
17、ich、who、whom不能省略，在介词+which/whom中，which或whom不能省略。l 所有从句都得用_语序；所有从句的引导词都在_中作成分。l 在定语从句中，有一类词表示模糊地点，如：point(地步)，situation(情况、情形)，case(情况，情形)，scene(场景、境地)，position(位置；职位)，activity(活动)，process(过程)，spot（地点），job(工作)等等。They have reached the point they have to separate with each other.There is one point we m
18、ust insist onl 切记：选择关系代词还是关系副词不是取决于先行词是什么样的名词，而是取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的成份。例如：I still remember the day (1) I first came to Beijing. (2) I spent with you in Beijing.定语从句课后训练一、定语从句专项练习1I think youre got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise youll fail.A. when B. that C. where D. which2The hours _ the ch
19、ildren spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. A. when B. that C. in which D. on which3Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger. A
20、. that B. by which C. which D. in which 4There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that 5_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 6_ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries ar
21、e making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What 7There are many people_ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.A. who B. that C. which D. whose 8EBay, Amazon and Wall Mart are popular web sites _people can sell goods to each other.A. where B. which C. when D. whose9On his 10th birthday
22、. Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _he believes that he can go to the wild.A. whichB. from what C. through which D. that10I hope _ the little _ I have been able to do has been of some use.A. that; that B. /; by which C. what; what D. /; with which11The farmers use wood
23、to build a house _to store grains all the year around.A. with which B. to which C. which D. in which 12This was a film_ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.A. which B. when C. in which D. there13The thought of going home to his family was all _ kept him happy while he was working abroad.A. th
24、at B. what C. those D. which14A container weighs more after air is put in, _ proves that air has weight.A. as B. it C. that D. which 15Can you tell me where Peter lives?Over there. The two storey house, _ there is a garden.A. near it B. from which C. in front of it D. in front of which 16Miss Green
25、took up the story at the point _the thief had just made off with the jewels.A. where B. which C. as D. when17Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else _ , is there?A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn18The year before last, part of Southeast Asi
26、a was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what 19Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _ as the name suggests, eating doesnt take much time. A. who B. where C. which D. what 20Later I want to return home but couldnt find a co
27、mpany _I could use _I had learnt. A. where; thatB. where; what C. when; what D. that; that 21Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations _ English is used. A. when B. that C. how D. where 22We hope the measures to control house prices，_ are taken by the governm
28、ent, will succeed. A.which B. when C. since D. as23The boy the teachers considered _ failed in the final exam, _ surprised them very much.A. to be the best；which B. as the best student；that C. to have been studying well；it D. such as a good student；which 24The president, together with his bodyguards
29、, _ to the nuclear station _ there was an accident 20 minutes ago.A. have come；which B. came；in which C. has come；where D. come；in which 25Is there a gas station around _ I can get some petrol? A. which B. what C. where D. that26There was_ time_ I hated to go to school.A. a；that B. a；when C. the；tha
30、t D. the；when 27It was in the very house _ was built with stones _ he spent his childhood.A. that；that B. that；where C. which；that D. which；where 28These wild flowers are so special that I would do _I_ them.A. what；can saveB. all what；can to saveC. what；can to save D. everything；can save 29I shall n
31、ever forget those years _I lived in the country with farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. that；whichB. when；which C. which；that D. when；who 30. Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, _ days are limited, is full of difficulties.A. that B. which C. it D. whose二、定语从句难点总结辨析(一)、强调句型与定语从句1. “
32、Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting.” A. where B. which C. that D. when2. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood. A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. th
33、at, where3. It was the boy _ had been in prison _ stole the money. A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which4 . It was just in the room _ he was born _ he died. A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that5. -Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? -Of course, I h
34、ave. It was in our village _ it was made. A. that B. where C. when D. which (二)、定语从句与强调句型解题陷阱 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were2. -Where did you get to know him? -It was on the farm _ my father worked.A. that B. wher
35、e C. which D. as (三)、选关系代词、关系副词时要考虑所属关系。1. The school shop _customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.A. which B. whose C. when D. where2. I am grateful to my high school teachers, without _ help I wouldnt be so excellent. A. whom B. them C. which D. whose三、1）We are living in an age
36、many things are done on computer2）I can think of many cases students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essayI can think of many cases you know nothing about四、1Mozarts birthplace and the house he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now AwhoseBwhenCwh
37、ereDwhich2Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselvesAwhyBwhatCthatDwhere3What do you think of teaching, Bob ?I find it fun and ChallengingIt is a job you are doing something serious but interesting Awhere BwhichCwhenDthat4I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to
38、 make decision of my ownAwhichBwhereChowDwhy5Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differentlyAthatBwhenCwhichDwhere6Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kidsAwhoBwhichCwhyDwhen E. where7Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an ac
39、tivity sight matters more than hearing AwhenBwhoseCwhichDwhere五、定语从句与强调句型及其他从句的综合考查（要领：分析句子成份，确定哪个空是强调句式的that；哪个空是定语从句的引导词）1）It was on the farm he spent his childhood he learned how to grow vegetablesAwhere; thatBwhich ; whenCthat; thatDwhich ; which2）Its on the festival occasions the family get together he misses his late fatherAwhere ; thatBwhich ; whenCwhen ; thatDthat; when 3）Where did you see Mr Smith this morning ?It was in the hotel he stayedAthatBwhichCwhereDWhat
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