1、Unit 6Design Period SixGrammar单元语法(一)表示时间、地点和动作的介词语法图解语法感悟用适当的介词填空1This exhibition starts on 1 July at the Newman Gallery in Dinham and ends on 15 September.2At 6：00 pm on Friday 3 July there will be a talk on Chinese painting by Dr Alison Enwright.3In August there will be talks on Chinese culture.4
2、During his lifetime, he developed the tradition of combining poetry with painting.5Between 1933 and 1940, he held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe to promote Chinese art.6He also used different shades of grey in a creative way to show the sweat along the horses body.介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短
3、语构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句子中常作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。一、表示时间的介词常用的时间介词有 about, at, on, in, during, for, to, till, until, after, by, before, within 等。1at, in, on(1)at表示钟点：at 10 oclock, at 6：30。表示一天中的时间点：at noon, at dawn, at sunset, at night, at midnight。表示节假日：at Christmas。表示年龄：at (the age of).。I get up at 6：00 a
4、m every day.我每天早晨6：00起床。(2)in表示一天的某个时间段：in the morning, in the evening。表示月份、季节、年份及世纪：in May, in summer, in 2015, in the 21st century。In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.1973年，我在小学教学。(3)on表示具体的日期和特定的日子：on 20th January; on the last day of term。表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”：on Sunday, on (the morning of) Ma
5、rch 18。表示在节假日那天：on ChristmasThe famous female singer died on Friday afternoon.这位著名的女歌手于周五下午病故。2for, since, till/until, by(1)for 常跟具体的时间段，表示动作持续若干时间，句子的谓语动词常用完成时。Jane has been married to Jack for five years.吉恩与杰克结婚已经5年了。(2)since 引导的短语所表示的时间一直延续到说话时为止，通常要与现在完成时连用。It is/has been three years since I ret
6、urned from abroad.我从海外归来三年了。(3)till/untiltill/until 与延续性动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂性动词连用一般用在否定句中。在句首或强调句型中，一般不用 till 而用 until，且主句要用倒装句式。Weve had very good weather this winter, till now.今年冬天，直到现在天气都很好。I didnt start writing until I was in my thirties.我直到三十多岁才开始写作。It was not until he came back from Africa that ye
7、ar that he met the girl he would like to marry.直到那一年从非洲回来他才遇到他想结为连理的那位姑娘。(4)by时间点，表示“不迟于(某时)；在之前”，常用于完成时态，“by过去时间点”与过去完成时连用。By eight oclock he had arrived at my hotel.到8点时，他已经到达我住的宾馆了。3before, after, in(1)表示在某时之前用 before。Well have to finish the work before rain season.雨季到来之前，我们得干完这些活。(2)after 与表示“某一
8、特定时间”的词语连用时，句子动词用过去时、将来时均可。He received her letter after four weeks.四周后，他收到了她的信。Well come back after five oclock.我们将在五点以后回来。(3)表示“在某段时间之后”，介词 in 短语常与将来时连用。Hold on, please. Ill come back in a few minutes.别挂断。我几分钟后就回来。即学即用1单句语法填空1He goes to school at seven oclock in the morning.2Linda was born on the s
9、econd of May.3Children get gifts at Christmas and on their birthdays.4Mo Yans book has sold more than 3 million copies since September 2014.5Hes been in prison for years.6The class will not be over until seventeen.二、表示地点的介词表示地点的介词有：at, in, on, above, under, over, behind, before, in front of, below,
10、between 等。1at(1)表示特定的地点：at the end of., at the back of., at the corner of the street。(2)表示“在附近，在旁边”：sit at the table。(3)用在表示建筑物的名词前，如机场、大学、饭店、美术馆等：at the airport。(4)表示谈论旅途中逗留的城市或某地名称：at Watford。The child is not big enough to sit at table yet.那孩子还小，不能上桌吃饭。2in(1)用在人或物前表示处于较大物体中，如 in the kitchen, in th
11、e garden。(2)用在城市、县、州及国家前：in Germany。(3)用在广场、商业街区等前：in Times Square。Whats in the box?盒子里是什么？The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13：00.飞机将于13点到达北京。3in, to, onin 表示在范围之内；to 表示在范围之外；on 表示与其接壤。(1)in 表示在范围之内。Shandong lies in the east of China.山东位于中国的东部。Iran is located to the west of China.伊朗位于中国西部。Mongoli
12、a lies on the north of China.蒙古位于中国北部。4on, above, over, below, under, beneath(1)on“在上面”，表面相互接触。(2)above 只表示“在上方”或“位置高出”，与below 相对。(3)over“在正上方”，与 under 相对。(4)below“在下方，低于”。(5)under“在正下方”。(6)beneath “在下面”，一般表示表面相互接触，与on相对。There is an apple on the table.桌子上有一个苹果。A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞
13、过。There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子刚好到膝盖下方。They sat under a big tree, drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。Jo enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet.乔很喜欢脚下踩着温暖沙子的感觉。巧学助记巧记“上”“下”5between, amongbetween 是指两者之间或两两之间；among 是指三者或三者以上之间。The Niagara falls is between
14、 Canada and America.尼亚加拉大瀑布位于加拿大和美国之间。The village lies among hills.这个村庄坐落于群山之间。即学即用2单句语法填空1The picture is hanging over the blackboard.2There are many flowers below the window.3Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.4Guangdong Province is on the east of Guangxi.5Japan is to the east of China.6The hous
15、e stands between two farms.7The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers.三、表示动作的介词常用的动作介词有 across, along, into, to, from, over, against, toward(s)等。1to, toward(s)to, toward(s)表示向某个方向移动，用法基本相同，但towards更强调动作特征。He threw a stone and it fell to the ground.他抛掉一个石块，石块落到地面上。She sat with her back
16、 towards the window.她背对着窗户坐着。2into, out of(1)into 表示“进入”，用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，经常与 come, go, run, rush 等连用。The child ran into his mothers arms.那孩子跑入他母亲的怀抱。(2)out of 表示“从里出来”，与 into 一样，也表示有一定的运动方向。He took the card out of his pocket and showed it to the guard.他把证件从口袋里拿出来，并给警卫出示了一下。3to, for, from(1)to表示“到(某地或
17、方向)”Come to my house, Susan.苏姗，到我家来一趟。(2)for表示“向”，用于表示目的地。Shell leave for England next Monday.下周一她将动身去英国。(3)from 表示“从来”。We come from China.我们来自中国。4along, across, through, over(1)along 沿着He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。(2)across 横穿The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿
18、马路。(3)through 穿过It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。(4)over 从上面越过，横越The thief jumped over the wall, and ran away.小偷翻过了墙，逃跑了。即学即用3单句语法填空1The fitness craze is sweeping across the United States.2She dived into the swimming pool.3He headed straight for the bar.4They san
19、g as they walked along the river bank.5The Smiths have gone to New York.单元语法(二)关系代词引导的定语从句语法图解语法感悟用适当的关系词填空1Chen Zijiang is a papercutting expert whom/who/that I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art.2Papercutting is something that he learned to do from an early age.3Paper cuts of animals have b
20、een found in tombs which/that date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!4A young farmer who/that wanted a wife would look at a young womans papercutting skills before marrying her!5Mr Chen went on to explain that there are three types of paper cuts which/that people still make today
21、.6A present for parents whose child has recently been born might show a paper cut of children, for example.7Paper cuts which/that show the Chinese character for double happiness are often used to celebrate weddings.8People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special day
22、s and during festivals.一、基本概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等；关系副词有 when, where, why。二、关系代词的用法1that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。通常在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。The coat (that) I put on the de
23、sk is blue.(that作宾语)我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。2which用于指物，通常在句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.(which 作主语)位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。3who, whom 用于指人，who 用作主语、宾语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom，也可省略。但是在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用 whom，不用 who。The girl who often helps me
24、with my English is from England.(who作主语)经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。Do you know the man (who/whom) they are talking about？(who/whom作宾语)你认识他们正在谈论的那个人吗？He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都愿意向之学习的人。4whose 既可用于指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。He lives in a house whose window faces south.他住在一所窗子朝南的房子里。三、关系词用
25、that 不用 which 的情况1当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that，而不用 which。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。2当先行词为all, any, much, everything, anything, none, something, nothing 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 which。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。3当先行词被all, any, m
26、uch, little, few, the only, the very, the last 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。4当先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能用 that，而不用which。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了使她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。四、关系词用 which 不用 that 的情况1先行词本身为 that
27、时，用 which，而不用 that。Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？2关系代词前有介词时，用 which 而不用 that。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住过的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。3引导非限制性定语从句，用 which，而不用 that。He has a walk every night, which does good to him.他每晚都散步，这对他有好处。五、关系词宜用 who 不宜用 that
28、的情况1当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one, ones, anyone。Anyone who does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。2当先行词是I, you, he, they 等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。3当先行词为指人的 those 时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。4在 there be 结构中，先行词是指人的名词时。The
29、re is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。六、定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.要求那些四十多岁的人于今天下午进行体检。即学即用单句语法填空1Internet is so interesting, which makes all possibles happen.2The Sound of Music is the best E
30、nglish film that I have ever seen.3My sister has bought a new car whose colour is bright red.4Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?5A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.6The reporter who came from BBC was expressing his doubt to the judge.单句语法填空1We walked along the ri
31、ver and found several boats on the water.2On Thanksgiving Day Americans usually eat the pies with pumpkins.3The temperature of yesterday was 12 above zero in Beijing, and it was very warm for winter.4From anywhere in the city of Shanghai, you can see the top of the East Pearl.5There was a table to t
32、he left of the doorway.6Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.7The man who visited our school yesterday is from London.8The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in city.9Visitors think highly of
33、 the volunteers and the opening ceremony that they saw in Beijing.10He works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.完成句子1Never believe anything (that)_he_says.别相信他所说的任何一句话。2The book whose_cover/of_which_the_cover/the_cover_of_which is green is mine.绿色封面的那本书是我的。3The last place (that)_we_visited was th
34、e History Museum.我们最后参观的地方是历史博物馆。4This is the house in_which_Mo_Yan_once_lived.这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。5The plane flew_above the clouds.飞机在云层之上飞行。6The boys who_are_playing football are from Class One.踢球的那些男孩是一班的。7I have_worked_in this factory since three years ago.我在这家工厂工作了3年了。8Switzerland lies_between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.瑞士位于法国、德国、奥地利和意大利之间。