1、专题04 【冠词】解题指导触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”冠词解题两步法1判断设空后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。若是可数名词，看是单数还是复数。2根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指，其前不加任何冠词；单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词，表特指要加定冠词the。【名师点津】a与most连用，位于形容词之前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词之前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最的”。两个口诀巧判用a/an还是the用定冠词的情况：特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词前、西洋乐器前、序数词与最高级前
2、。用不定冠词的情况：泛指一类人与物，与one同义表“一”；和序数词一起表“又一，再一”，词首字母读元音，冠词就要用an, 其他一律用a。五种可能填冠词的情况1.填不定冠词的情况：_单数可数名词_形容词单数可数名词2.填定冠词的情况：_(定语)名词of等介词短语(表特指)_(定语)名词定语从句(表特指)_(定语)名词不定式/分词短语(表特指)根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词动词(catch/take/hit等)sb.介词the身体部位。at a loss “不知所措”； a waste of .“浪费”；have a look/take a walk “看一看/去散步”等固定搭配。a比较级(名词)，表
3、“一个更的人或物”。抽象名词具体化的名词(可概括为：惊、乐、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美)surprise、 pleasure、 pity、 pride、 comfort、 danger、 help、 success、 failure、 beauty，表具体的意义“一个”时，其前应加不定冠词a或an。考点突破针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升考点一 不定冠词不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。 1不定冠词的基本用法(1)用
4、于第一次提到或出现的可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产汽车部件。(2)用于可数名词单数前，泛指一类人或事物，或指同类中的“一个”。(福建卷)The“Chinese Dream”is a dream to improve peoples wellbeing and a dream of harmony, peace and development.“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
5、(3)表示数量“一”，但不强调数量概念；或表示“任何一个”。(北京卷)Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and apologize for their playing.那天上午晚些时候，达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信，为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。(4)用于表示人名的专有名词前，表示“一个叫的人，一个类似的人，一部的作品”。(四川卷)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
6、布莱恩在创作音乐上很有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。(浙江卷)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。2不定冠词的活用(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。(北京卷)First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression. 最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印
7、象。(2)不定冠词可以用在某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词有success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。(山东卷)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge, collection, understanding等后面加of.时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good)
8、 knowledge of.“精通”；have a (clear/good) understanding of.“了解”。If you dont have a good knowledge of English, its out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently. 如果你不能精通英语，那么灵活而流利地运用它是不可能的。3不定冠词用于固定搭配中all of a sudden突然as a matter of fact 事实上at a loss 不知所措；困惑pay a visit to 参观；拜访be/go on a d
9、iet 节食give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车have a gift for. 在方面有天赋have a word with 与谈话make a fool of 愚弄in a hurry 匆忙地in a way 在某种程度上keep an eye on 留意；留神make a living 谋生a waste of. 浪费once in a while 偶尔as a result/consequence 因此考点二 定冠词1定冠词的基本用法(1)前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时，或谈话双方都知道的人或物前，一般要加定冠词，表特指。Take your timeits just a shor
10、t distance from here to the restaurant.不要着急，从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。(2)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前，表特指。(重庆卷)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。(3)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。The Smiths went on an aroundtheworld trip. 史密斯一家去环球旅行了。S
11、oldiers came to rescue those buried under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes and shelters for the homeless.士兵们来营救那些被埋在废墟下的人，政府为无家可归者提供食物、衣服和庇护所。(4)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。Its said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.据说在十七世纪玉米在西藏被大量种植。(5)在形容词或副词的最高级或序
12、数词前或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。(陕西卷)As is known to all, the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。2定冠词用于固定结构及固定短语中(1)用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中，表示“按计算”。但size, weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。(江西卷)Its said John will be in a job payin
13、g over $60，000 a year.据说，约翰将拥有一份年薪超过6万美元的工作。Right, he will also get paid by the week.是的，他的工资也将按周支付。(2)用于“动词(hit, strike, pull, take等)sb.介词the表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。hit sb.on the head 打某人的头pull/take sb.by the hand 拉/抓住某人的手strike sb.in the face 打某人的脸(3)用于the比较级， the比较级(越就越)结构中。The more careful
14、you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。(4)用于固定搭配中：at the moment此刻，目前by the way 顺便说一下in the way 阻碍；挡路go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧in the distance 在远处in the habit of 有的习惯make the most/best of 充分利用not in the least 一点也不on the contrary 与此相反on the other hand 另一方面the other day 几天之前to tel
15、l (you) the truth (跟你)说实话to the point 中肯，切题take the place of 代替for the time being 暂时考点三 零冠词1零冠词的基本用法(1)复数名词、不可数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。(2018北京卷)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.当我们感到愤怒时，愤怒似乎很简单，但愤怒出现的原因却多种多样。(江西卷)The Smiths dont usually like staying at h
16、otels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。(2)名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等限定词作定语时不用冠词。(2018天津卷)Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.灭火器安置在每栋公寓的每个楼层。(3)表示独一无二的职位、头衔
17、的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。(四川卷)Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词及球类、棋类和学科名词前。Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us a u
18、seful knowledge of things in the past.在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有用的知识。【名师点津】表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等的名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等时，其前要用冠词。According to the weather report, we will have a very hot summer this year.根据天气预报，我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。The only thing the woodman had was a good supper of a big sausage
19、.樵夫拥有的唯一东西就是一大根香肠作为丰盛的晚餐。(5)系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary became a good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个出色的经理。2零冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中(1)用于“零冠词as/though主语谓语主句”结构中，意为“虽然但是”。Good choice as/though it may be, he has decided to give it up.尽管这可能是一个不错的选择，但他还是决定放弃了。
20、(2)用于固定搭配中：at dawn/dusk/night/noon在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午on/catch fire 着火by mistake 错误地by chance/accident 碰巧in history 在历史上under repair 在维修中hand in hand 手拉手do harm to. 对有害on purpose 故意地in place 在正确位置in danger 在危险中make room for. 为让出空间in return 作为回报at present 目前ahead of time 提前in advance 提前lose heart 灰心out of co
21、ntrol 失控3.有无冠词意义不同的搭配at table在吃饭at the table 在桌子旁at school 在上学at the school 在学校in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院里in charge of 掌管in the charge of. 在掌管之中out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能跟踪检测迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能I.高考真题诊断单句语法填空1.(2020全国卷II) The plum trees are_ first to flower even as the snow is me
22、lting (融化）。2.(2019全国卷I) Of _ nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.3.(2019全国卷II) She said,We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was_ joke.
23、 ”4.(2018全国卷II) Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.5.(2018全国卷III）Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at_ top of her lungs.【答案详解】1.答案：the 解析：这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the.故填 the.2.答案：the 解析：特指“经过认证的那1
24、9个北极熊亚群”。3.答案：a 解析：joke 是可数名词，前面需要填不定冠词a或an,joke 不是以元音音素开头，故填a.4.答案：the 解析：此处是特指，故用定冠词 the.over the past 25 years表示“在过去的25年里”。5.答案：the 解析：at the top of“在顶端”，此处表示“大声地”。II.精选典题冠词专题对点训练单句语法填空1.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for_ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.2.Aft
25、er work, he learned to play guitar. He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple.3.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _ other is with mum -she never suspects.4.I could only tell him truth. Instead of scolding, he praised my hon
26、esty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor.5.The adobe dwellings(土坯房）built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even_ most modern of architects and engineers.6.One discovery I made about giving something away is that it is almost possible to give anything away
27、 in his world, and the return often comes in unexpected way.7.Now, years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.8.To this beautiful, culturally remarkable island, peoples recognition is honor.9.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _
28、 top floor.10.I visited Hangzhou for the first time in the summer of 2019. It is so attractive that I decided to go there for second time next year.【答案详解】1.答案：a解析：for a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。2.答案：the/his解析：考查冠词或物主代词。guitar为乐器，需在其前加定冠词the。因为guitar和主语he是所属关系，故也可以用形容词性物主代词his。3.答案：the解析：此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者
29、之间的“另一个”应该使用 the other.4.答案：the解析：考查冠词。tell the truth为固定词组搭配，故用定冠词the。5.答案：the解析：在形容词的最高级的前面用定冠词the。6.答案：an解析：此处表示回报经常以一种出乎意料的方式出现。way作“方法，方式”讲时，是可数名词，且此处表示“一种的方式”，unexpected的发音以元音音素开头，所以要用an。7.答案：the解析：此空后面的“most outstanding”是最高级的形式，故应填定冠词 the.8.答案：an解析：句意：对这座富有文化底蕴的美丽小岛来说，人们的认可是一种荣誉。honor通常用作抽象名词，
30、表示“荣誉”，但此处抽象名词具体化，故honor前面需用不定冠词，表示“一种荣誉”。9.答案：the 解析：on the top floor为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。10.答案：a解析：句意：2019年夏天我第一次去杭州旅游。那里如此迷人，我决定明年再去一次。a second time表示“又一次，再一次”，故填a。III.精选典题冠词专题对点训练单句改错16. Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.17. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teache
31、r in the crowd.18. It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.19. In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.20.During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【答案详解】16.答案：wonderful 前加a 解析：该表达与 have a good time类似，其中的a不可省。17.答案：
32、去掉a 解析：catch sight of是固定用法，意为“看见，瞥见”。18.答案：such 后加a 解析：dinner 受形容词修饰时，其前通常要加不定冠词。19.答案：the改为a 解析：因为in a word 为固定用法，意为“总之”“一句话”。20.答案：在countryside前加 the 解析： 定冠词 the用于某些固定习语中，“go to the countryside”意为“去乡下”。IV.精选典题冠词专题对点训练短文语法填空Iwastravelingin(21)_smallplaceinNewYork.(22)_smallplacehadnotax for (23)_sh
33、ortdistance.Onehadtotakearickshaw(人力车).I called out for (24)_old man in the waiting line. BeforeIgoton(25)_rickshaw,Iautomaticallyaskedhowmuchhewouldchargetotakeme across to (26)_Mall. I was told “10 dollars”. Then I started bargaining. He just give me a hard smile and said; “Whateveryoufeellike,ple
34、ase giveme.Itisnotnecessary tobargainonthissmallamount.” Iwas(27)_bitashamedatmyselfandkeptquietwhilehecontinued,“Unlikethosetaxis, myvehicledoes not run on petrol or diesel or even gas ; it runs on my sweat. So please give it to me with a smile, for (28)_moneyhastofeedsomanyhungrymouthsathome.”When
35、wereachedtheMall,Igavehim(29)_moneyandthesmileasrequestedandadded a gentle pat on his back. He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for (30)_longtime.【答案详解】21.答案： a 解析：根据语境，名词第一次出现，应该是泛指，加a或an, small是辅音发音开头，故填，a.22. 答案：The 解析：该句考查定冠词的基本用法，当同一个名词第二次出现时，要用定冠词the.23. 答案
36、：a 解析：根据句中for a short distance 是固定搭配，前用不定冠词，故填a.24.答案：an 解析： 该句考查不定冠词的基本用法， 名词第一次出现，应该是泛指，old是以元音音素开头，故填an。25. 答案：the 解析：根据句意，上文提到人力车，下文就应该是特指，故填定冠词the.26.答案：the 解析：根据语境，该空特指商业中心，要用定冠词修饰Mall, 故填，the. 27.答案：a 解析：空后出现了bit, a bit是固定搭配，表示“一点”的意思，故填，a.28. 答案：the 解析：该句money 作主语，特指money的用处，故填，the.29.答案：the 解析：根据句意，特指我给他钱，因此要用定冠词，故填，the.30.答案：a 解析：根据句中a long time 是固定搭配，故填，a.