1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language.重点单词1usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法2command n&vt. 命令；指令；掌握3request n&vt.请求；要求4expression n. 词语；表示；表达express vt. 表达5eastern adj. 东方的；东部的east n. 东方；东部地区6recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认recognition n. 认出；承认7accent n. 口音；腔调；重音8straight adv. 直接；挺直；adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的.重点短语1instea
2、d_of 代替；而不是2turn_off 关闭(电源等)3hold_on (电话)别挂断，等一下4believe_it_or_not 信不信由你5from_all_over_the_world 来自世界各地6play_a_part_(in) 扮演一个角色；参与.重点句式1This is because.这是因为This_is_because_in_the_early_days_of_radio,_those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的收音机时代，对新闻播音员的要求是讲一口极好的英
3、语。2the way 后接定语从句However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the_way_people_speak.但是，从电视上和收音机上，你会听到不同的人有着不同的说话方式。3the same.as. 和一样So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the_same dialect as_people_in_the_northwestern_USA.所以来自美国东南部山区的人和来自美国西北部的人几乎说着同样的方言。课
4、文预读STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not， there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the e
5、arly days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”， it is called a dialect. American English has many dia
6、lects, especially the midwestern， southern， African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.standard adj.标准的；普通的n.标准；规格believe i
7、t or not 信不信由你such adj. 如此的；这样的as表示“像一样”on TV在电视上过去分词短语spoken on TV and the radio作后置定语，修饰the English。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。expect vt.盼望；预期；预料people speak为定语从句，修饰the way。省略了作状语的引导词that/in which。expression Ikspren n词语；表示；表达形容词短语different from the “standard language”作后置定语，修饰其前面的words and expressions。dia
8、lect daIlekt n方言midwestern mIdwestn adj.中西部的；有中西部特性的southern adj.南方的；南部的neighbouring adj.附近的；毗邻的(只作前置定语)all over遍及；到处标准英语和方言第12段译文什么是标准英语？是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度和新西兰人所说的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视上和收音机里(播音员)所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们的说话方式是有差别的。当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，
9、那种语言就被称为方言。美式英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。甚至在美国的一些地区，相邻两个城镇的人所说的方言也稍有不同。美式英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为那里的人来自世界各地。第3段译文地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人就说着一种比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言带了过去。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。美国是一个使用多种不同方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。课文理解.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)1There
10、 is no standard English in the writers opinion.(T)2The way people speak on TV and the radio is different.(T)3American English has many dialects, such as the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.(T)4People from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with the same dialect a
11、s people in the northwestern USA.(F).课文阅读理解1Why do many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English?ABecause the English spoken on TV and the radio is the same.BBecause people believe those who reported the news speak excellent English.CBecause the government tells them
12、 what standard English is.DBecause they cant speak English well by themselves.答案：B2Which of the statements about dialects is TRUE?ANo words and expressions spoken on TV are dialects.BIn Britain there are more dialects than in the USA.CDialects are widely used in the USA.DDialects are better than sta
13、ndard English.答案：C3Whats the main idea of the third paragraph?AGeography plays a part in making dialects.BSome people live in the mountains.CThe people who live in different areas can understand each other.DAmericans like moving from one place to another.答案：A1 (教材P12)Can you find the following comma
14、nd and request from Reading?你能从阅读中找到下列的命令和要求吗？(1)under the command of sb.under sb.s command由某人指挥；由某人控制have a command of. 了解/掌握(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事command that sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人应该做某事(从句用 虚拟语气，should可以省略)巧学助记温馨提示command后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。能这样用的动
15、词可以用以下口诀来记忆：一坚持(insist)；二命令(command, order)；三建议(advise, suggest, propose)；四要求(request, require, demand, ask)。即学即用(1)Twelveyearold girl as she is, she has had a good command of English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟练掌握了英语。(2)The teacher commanded students to have everything well prepared in half an hour.The tea
16、cher commanded that students (should) have everything well prepared in half an hour.老师命令学生在半小时内把一切都准备好。(3)The general issued a command that all of them (should) come (come) at six oclock.将军下达了一个命令：他们所有人都要在六点钟到。(4)Up to now, the soldiers havent received any command from the headquarters that they (sh
17、ould)_start (start) at once.到目前为止，战士们还没有收到来自总部的让他们立刻出发的任何命令。(5)The boss commanded that his workers (should)_not_leave (leave) their office before dark.老板命令他的员工们天黑之前不能离开办公室。2 (教材P12)In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.在英语里当你想要某人做某事时，你给人下命令或请求别人。request sb.t
18、o do sth. 要求某人做某事request that. (should) do 要求(从句用虚拟语气)at sb.s requestat the request of sb. 应某人的请求make a requestthat从句 做出请求(从句用虚拟语气)即学即用(1)As the manager refused her request for an increase in salary, his secretary walked out on him.因为经理拒绝了女秘书加薪的要求，她就离开了他。(2)At the request of Mayor, the writer made a
19、 speech on the square after his book signing.应市长的要求，这位作家在签字售书之后在广场上做了演讲。(3)All the students are requested to_attend (attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow on time.全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议。(4)Workers request that their working conditions (should) be improved (improve) as soon as possible.工人们要求尽快改善他们的工作条件。
20、(5)All of us made a request that the problem (should)_be_discussed (discuss) at the meeting.我们都提议在会上讨论这个问题。3 (教材P13)Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。(1)recognize ones voice辨别出某人的声音(2) (3)beyond/out of recognit
21、ion 面目全非；识别不出易混辨析recognize, knowrecognize指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间或别的原因后又重新认出来，是终止性动词know是延续性动词，指相互间十分熟悉，十分了解即学即用(1)The moment I answered the phone, I recognized his voice.我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。(2)The book is recognized as/to be one of the greatest works of literature of this century.那本书被公认为是本世纪最伟大的文学作品之一。(3)Since Dar
22、wins birth, the natural world has changed beyond recognition.从达尔文出生的那天起，自然世界就已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。(4)He made his face dirty on purpose in order not_to_be_recognized by the enemy.为了不被敌人认出，他故意把脸弄脏。(5)用recognize和know的正确形式填空I have known him for 10 years. But I didnt recognize him just now because he has changed
23、 so much.我认识他已有10年了。但他变化如此大，我刚才没有认出他来。4 (教材P15)She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.她告诉我们往左边拐弯后直走两个街区。a block of一大块block out 挡住，遮住(光线或声音)；抹去(不愉快的事)即学即用(1)He lives three blocks away from here.他住的地方与此处相隔三条街区。(2)The thief tried to leave the shop, but th
24、e police officer blocked his path.小偷想离开商店，但是那位警官拦住了他(逃跑)的去路。(3)The noise from the car blocked out the sound of our voices.汽车的噪声把我们的说话声盖下去了。(4)After landing, he was unable to leave the airport, because roads into the city were_blocked.飞机着陆后，他未能离开机场，因为通往城市的道路被阻塞了。(5)Over the years she had tried to_blo
25、ck_out that part of her life.多年来她努力把她生命中的那一段经历抹去。(教材P13)Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。play a role in在中起作用；在中扮演一个角色play the part/role of 扮演的角色take an active part in 积极参加即学即用He played a small part in the play.他在那部戏剧中扮演了一个小角色。Li Bingbing played a leading role in the play
26、.李冰冰在那部剧中担任主角。People dont like to play the part of the bad guy.人们不喜欢扮演坏人的角色。名师点津表示“(在剧中)扮演某人的角色”时，role或part前要加定冠词the。there is no such.(as.)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像)这样的”。句中“no such单数名词”意为“没有这样的”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an单数名词”；as在此为介词。There is no such (not such a) man in our company.我们的公司没有这样的人。It may
27、 help you to know that there_is_no_such_thing_as a perfect speech.它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。2 This is because in the early days of radio， those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。This/That is because.这/那是因为This/That is why. 这/那就是的原因。He missed the fi
28、rst bus and that was because he got up late this morning.他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。You have made great progress in English. This is because you have improved your studying methods.你在英语方面取得了很大的进步，这是因为你改进了学习方法。Ive got a cold; that is why I wouldnt like to have a meal.我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。3 So people from the
29、mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。the same (.) as.和一样；与相同。(1)the same.as.表示同类的事物(2)the same.that. 表示同一个事物As a matter of fact, I have the same trouble as you.事实上，我和你有同样的烦恼。This is the same book as M
30、r Li lost.这本书和李先生丢的书一样。(同类的书)This is the same book that Mr Li lost.这就是李先生丢的那本书。(同一本书).单句语法填空1In the company, we know that he is_recognized (recognize) as a strict leader.How do you like our city?It has changed beyond all recognition (recognize) in the past 20 years, a completely new one in front of
31、me.2We send messages to people around us through facial expressions (express) and body movements.The boy is old enough to_express (express) himself.3Having (have) a good command of English and computer science is of great help.The command was that the room (should)_be_cleaned (clean) at once.He is i
32、n command of the basketball team.The boss commanded me to_go (go) there at once.The boss commanded that I (should)_go (go) there at once.4The teacher made a request that the students (should)_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.The teacher requested that the students (should)_be (be) well prep
33、ared for the coming exam.The teacher requested the students to_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.The students were_requested (request) to be well prepared for the coming exam last week.补全句子1Vinegar plays_an_important_part/role_in_helping us keep healthy. (play)醋在帮助我们保持健康方面起着重要作用。2. There_is_no_such_man as you have described in our neighbourhood. (such)我们的居民区没有你描述的那样的人。3There are many fans crowded in the concert hall now. This_is_because their idol is to hold a concert here. (because)现在很多歌迷挤在音乐厅里。这是因为他们的偶像将在这里举办音乐会。4I bought the same book as_you_gave_to_her.我买了一本和你给她的一样的书。