高考英语语法专项训练：第4讲形容词和副词.ppt

1、2012高考英语语法专题复习系列课件高考链接 体验返回目录1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,26)It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was _ journey.A.three hour B.a three-hours C.a three-hour D.three hours【答案】C【解析】此题考查由“数词+连字符+名词”构成的复合形容词,连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。意为“三小时的路程”。返回目录2.(2010高考英语浙江卷,19)Playing on a frozen sports field so

2、unds like a lot of fun.Isnt it rather risky,_?A.though B.also C.either D.too【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。此处though放在句末，表示“然而，可是”，是副词，而不是连词，符合语意。在结冰的运动场上玩听起来很有趣，然而，是不是太危险了呢?返回目录3.(2010高考英语浙江卷,11)Do you think shopping online will_ take the place of shopping in stores?Aespecially BfrequentlyCmerely Dfinally【答案】D【解析】

3、本题考查副词辨析。返回目录4.(2010高考英语浙江卷,6)I have been convinced that the print media are usually more _ and more reliable than television.Aaccurate Bridiculous Curgent Dshallow 【答案】A【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。返回目录5.(2010高考英语天津卷,5)People have always been _ about exactly how life on earth began.A.curious B.excited C.anxious D

4、.careful【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。返回目录6.(2010高考英语四川卷,12)The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too_ Asmall Bfew C1arge Dmany【答案】C【解析】考查形容词的用法。返回目录问题一：1、什么是形容词？什么是副词？2、你知道高考考查什么吗？问题二：1、形容词在句中充当什么成份？2、“the+形容词”充当什么功能？2、你知道哪些形容词在句子中只能做表语？问题三：1、动词后加ed 和加ing构成形容词的区别是什么？2、你知道可构成形容

5、词的后缀有哪些吗？形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。高考重点要求：1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别形容词和副词的定义一、形容词形容词在句子中的作用1大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语,如：a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园The play Tea-house（茶馆）is both movingand interesting

6、.How long will the weather stay sunny?The silk clothes feel soft.定冠词the+形容词定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“的一种人”，“的一类东西或事情”。The new will take the place of the old.（新事物将代替旧事物。）The young are fond of sports.(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)The Living and the Dead is a horror film.叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修

7、饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid.well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等表语形容词的功能加-ed 和 ing形容词的区别 加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物，如：We were excited when we heard the exciting news.alarming,a

8、musing,astonishing,charming,daring,demanding,encouraging,confusing,Disappointing,discouraging,exciting,interesting,pleasing,promising,shocking,striking,surprising 形容词后缀知多少？friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，：Her singing was lovely.He spoke to me in a very friendly voice.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，

9、也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的加到名词上的主要有：1-y，：bloody,dirty,healthy,juicy,muddy；2-ful：careful,helpful,peaceful,useful；3-less：careless,harmless,senseless,useless；4-ous/-ious：dangerous;courageous,mysterious；5-ish：childish

10、,foolish,selfish；6-ed/-en：skilled,horned,golden,wooden。加到动词上的有-ent/-ant，如：dependent,different,pleasant；-able/-ible，如：agreeable,comfortable,-ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active,attentive,imaginative,sensitive(敏感的;易受伤害的)；-ed/-en，如：stolen,swollen；-ing，如：annoying,entertaining。问题四：1、形容词在句中处于什么位置？2、几个（形容词）限定

11、词修饰同一个名词的顺序是什么？3、形容词修饰像something这样的不定代词位置在什么地方？形容词在句子中的位置 形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。（1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词，如：an exciting Americanfilm（2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形容位置在后。多个形容词作定语时的排序问题This girl is Lindas cousin.A.pretty little Spanish B.Spanish little pretty C.Spanish pretty litt

12、le D.little pretty Spanish返回目录副词/形容词的词序限定词（all,both,those,your）+数词形容词(first,three,next)+描绘性形容词(beautiful,fine,kind)+大小(large,small,big)、长短(long,short)、高低等形体性形容词+新旧(new,old)+颜色(red,green)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(iron,stone)+被修饰的名词The first beautiful little white Chinese wood bridge顺口溜：1，县官行贿杀国才【解题探究】A。在高考英语中，

13、多个形容词作名词的定语时的排序问题是常考问题。有口诀如下：限定描写大小高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。1）修饰复合不定代词 something,anything,nothing等，如：anything important,nothing easy（2）同表示数量的词组连用，如：twenty feet long,five years old二、副词问题五：1、副词在句中有什么作用，充当什么成份？2、副词一般分成什么类别，处于句子什么位置？副词基本定义副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加ly 构成，如：careful-carefully.副词主要被分为以下几种：1时间

14、副词，如：often，early，usually，frequently 2地点副词，如：here，outside，below3方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well4程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still5疑问副词，如：how，when，why，where副词在句子中的位置频度副词always,usually,often,never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。表示方式的副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：三、形容词和副词比较级及最高级形容词副词原级、比较级和最高级

15、的用法1 两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。2 He is as tall as his monitor.3 两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so/as+形容词原级+as”句型。A train doesnt travel so fast as a plane.4 三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最”时，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents.She writes(the)most carefully of the three.5 比较级+and+比较

16、级“越来越”It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities.6 the+比较级，the+比较级“越越”The harder he studies,the greater progress he will make.四、形容词和副词高考考点1.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,27)Ernest visited the South Pole because he wanted to see one of the _ re

17、gions in the world.Acolder Bcoldest Cmore coldly Dmost coldly【答案】B【解析】考查形容词的比较等级。返回目录2.(2010高考英语陕西卷,22)Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.A.likely B.possible C.probable D.sure 【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。四个选项中主语为人且和不定式连用的形容

18、词只有likely和sure，likely表示“有可能的”，sure表示“必定，肯定”，根据句意应用likely。possible作表语时主语不能为人，可为物、不定式或不定式的复合结构；probable的主语只能是物。返回目录3.(2010高考英语山东卷,35)Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.A.heavy B.smooth C.flexible D.complex【答案】C【解析】考查形容词意义辨析。返回目录4.

19、(2010高考英语辽宁卷,27)We only had 100 and that was _ to buy a new computer.A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhereC.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough【答案】A【解析】考查形容词、副词的排列顺序。enough修饰形容词、副词时，通常要放在被修饰词语的后面。因此正确词序应为：nowhere near enoughnowhere near意为“差得远，远不及”。语意为：我们只有100美元。这笔钱远远不够买一台新电脑。根据语意选A项。返回目录

20、 3 She doesnt speak _her friend,but her written work is excellent.(1993全国)A.as well as B.so often as C.so much as D.as good as 4(7)_,some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.(2004上海春)A.Strangely enough B.Enough strangely C.Strange enough D.Enough strange 问题六：1、形容词

21、在什么情况下后置？2、考查副词在句中的位置规律是什么？一、考查形容词作定语的后置规律 1 _to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(2000全国)A.Brave enough students B.Enough brave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 2 All the people _at the party were his supporters.(2002北京)A.present B.thank

22、ful C.interested D.important形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时；表语形容词作定语时；修饰复合不定代词时。二、考查多个形容词作定语的排序1、John Smith,a successful businessman,has a _car.(2004辽宁)A.large German white B.large white German C.white large German D.German large white2、_ students are required to take part in the boat race

23、.(2004浙江)A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young C.Chinese ten young strong D.Young strong ten Chinese多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+)描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词 三、考查副词在句中的位置规律If I had _,Id visit Europe,stopping at the small interesting places.(1998全国)A.a holiday long en

24、ough B.an enough long holiday C.a holiday enough long D.a long holiday enough频度副词always,usually,often,never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。表示方式的副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：四、考查ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别(1)Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get par

25、ents _.(2004重庆)A.worried B.to worried C.worrying D.worry(2)It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.(2003上海)A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest五、考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold,so she

26、 stood _to her mother.(2002北京)A.close B.closely C.closed D.closing3。意义相差很大的同根副词close 接近地closely 密切地free 免费地freely 自由地hard 努力地hardly 几乎不late 晚lately 近来most 非常mostly 主要地wide 广阔地widely 广泛地high 高highly 高度地deep 深deeply 抽象意义的“深”问题七：1、形容词和副词的比较级如何用？你知道一些特殊的比较级结构吗？2、比较级的修饰词有哪些吗？六、考查形容词和副词的比较等级(1)A typhoon s

27、wept across tiffs area with heavy rains and winds _ strong as 113 miles per hour.(2006上海)A.too B.very C.so D.as1.as+形容词/副词原级+as 2.not as/so+原级+as (3)He speaks English well indeed,but of course not _a native speaker.(2004上海)A.as fluent as B.more fluent than C.so fluently as D.much fluently than(4)Do

28、you have a big library?No,we dontat least,not _ yours.A.bigger as B.as big as C.as big than D.as bigger than3.as+形容词+(a/an+)名词+as (5)Our neighbour has _ ours.(2003北京)A.as a big house as B.as big a house as C.the same big house as D.a house the same big as比较级+than(6)Did you take enough money with you

29、?No,I needed _ I thought I would.(2006全国II)A.not so much as B.as much as C.much more than D.much less than (7)Mr.Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.(2005山东A.larger B.a larger C.the larger D.a large特殊比较级有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象(1)I wish youd do _ talking and some m

30、ore work.Thus things will become better.(2006江苏)A.a bit less B.any less C.much more D.a little more否定式谓语+比较级：有最高级含义1、Your story is perfect;Ive never heard _ before.(2006全国II)A.the better one B.the best one C.a better one D.a good one2、Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds,and I have not seen _ this

31、 year.(2005浙江)A.the best B.better C.the most D.morethe+比较级,the+比较级 In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,_.(2001上海)A.our holiday will be better B.our holiday will be the better C.the better our holiday will be D.the better will our holiday be 其

32、它含比较级的短语和句式 比较级+and+比较级；no more than和一样不 仅仅，；morethan与其说倒不如；less than少于；more than多于，不只是，非常；more or less几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少；sooner or later(迟早，早晚，总有一天)；whats more(而且，此外)；no soonerthan(一就)。如：(1)After supper she would sit down by the fire,sometimes for _ an hour,thinking of her young and happy days.(2003上海)

33、A.as long as B.as soon as C.as much as D.as many as(2)_ I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.(2004安徽春)A.As long as B.As far as C.Just as D.Even if(1)Youre standing too near the camera.Can you move _?(2000上海)A.a bit far B.a little farther C.a bit of farther D.a little

34、 far(2)Are you feeling _?Yes,Im fine now.(1992全国)A.any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better 七、考查比较等级的修饰语 1.比较级前可用a bit,a little,rather,some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中),any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍，一点”；用much,far,a great/good deal,a lot,lots,a good bit等表示“得多”。(3)What a table!Ive never seen such a thing before.It is

35、_ it is long.(2005湖北)A.half not as wide as B.wide not as half as C.not half as wide as D.as wide as not half(4)It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe.(2004广西)A.as twice B.twice much C.twice much as D.twice as muchhalf，倍数，以及分数或有关长度、时间、重量等表示确定程度的修饰语，通常放在比较级前，或asas结

36、构的第一个as前。八、考查形容词such和副词so的用法(1)We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003上海)A.a rush so anxious B.a such anxious rush C.so an anxious rush D.such an anxious rush (2)It is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.(1998上海)A.so unusual B.such unusual C.such an unus

37、ual D.so an unusual 九、体现两句间逻辑关系的连接性副词(1)Progress so far has been very good._,we are sure that the project will be completed on time.(2006浙江)A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Besides(2)Im certain Davels told you his business troubles._,its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.(2006湖北)A

38、.However B.Anyway C.Therefore D.Thoughhowever1.You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever 2.He tried his best to solve the problem,_ difficult it was.A.however B.no matter C.whatever D.although 1.用作副词(1)表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词

39、或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句 Phone me when you arrive,however late it is.However much he eats,he never gets fat.However cold it is,he always goes swimming.这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义。如：People always want more,however no matter how rich they are.However No matter how hard I worked,she was never satisfied.有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：Dont laugh,however funny it may be.Ill try to finish it in time,however hard it may be.(2)表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。My father,however,did not agree.My room is small;however,its comfortable.