1、How To Write a Summary(记叙文概括)Summary is a short passage giving the main points of an original article.What is a summary?What should we pay attention to when we write a summary?文体时态人称主题write a summary记叙文议论文说明文记叙文的概括：1、时态2、人称3、_5要素11月月考读写任务：时态、人称、5要素Who What How Whenwhere(a student)Alan Reedwas mistak
2、enly given$50 extra by a bank clerkreturned the money after consideration;impressed the clerk with his honestyThe story was about Alan who was mistakenly given$50 extra by a bank clerk.He finally returned it after consideration.The clerk was impressed and contacted the newspaper to praise his honest
3、y.(33 words)A possible version:*Read the criteria(评分标准)carefully*Compare it with your version*Find out how you can improve your summaryPractice makes perfect!Practice 1:I dont have many unhappy memories but one sad story took place on my last birthday.Before the birthday,I worked out a plan with my
4、parents.We planned to have dinner together in McDonalds,my favourite restaurant.Then we would go to the Xinghai Concert Hall for a concert given by a group of famous young singers.And the most exciting thing,of course,was the birthday presents.They promised to give me a new MP3 player.However,someth
5、ing unexpected happened on that day.I went home as early as I could.I waited and waited but my parents didnt come back.I felt angry at first and then upset.How could they treat me this way?They always forgot me just because they were busy with their work.Yes,they were always busy.They broke their pr
6、omise and got home late.After that,my grandmother had a talk with me to help me understand my parents situation and that made me feel much better.文体：_ 时态：_ 人称：_记叙文一般过去时(The writer/author)HeExchange your answer with your partners5要素Who What How WhenwhereThe author/writer,hefelt angry and upset becaus
7、e his parents forgot to celebrate his birthday with himunderstood his parents after talking with his grandmotheron his last birthdayThe author described what happened on his last birthday.He felt disappointed because his parents couldnt have the celebration with him.But he came to understand them af
8、ter talking to his grandmother.A possible version:Tips:概括不用第一人称Practice 2:A little boy is telling his Grandma how“everything”is going wrong.School,family problem,severe health problems,etc.Meanwhile,Grandma is baking a cake.She asks her grandson if he would like a cake,which,of course,he does.“Here,
9、have some cooking oil.”“Terrible!”says the boy.“How about a couple raw eggs?”“Terrible!Grandma!”“Would you like some flour then?Or maybe baking soda?”“Grandma,those are all awful!”To which Grandma replies,“Yes,all those things seem bad by themselves,but when they are put together in the right way,th
10、ey make a wonderfully delicious cake!“Life works the same way.Many times we wonder why it would let us go through such bad and difficult times.But life knows that when it puts these things all in its order,they always work for good!“The trials(考验)of life serve a meaningful purpose in making us stron
11、ger.Do not lose heart if life is not easy for you right now,but encourage yourself and know you will be much stronger mentally and physically because of the trials of life.”Exchange your answer with your partners5要素Who What How Whenwhere文体：_ 时态：_ 人称：_记叙文(a little boy)he,a little boycomplained to his
12、 grandma about his problems compared problems to cake materials;trials make us strongerA boy complained about difficulties in life.His grandmother,who showed that a cake tasted delicious but its materials tasted awful,taught him that the trials of life make people stronger.A possible version:Tips:根据
13、文章主题定好关键词Practice 3:One beautiful spring day a red rose came out in a forest.As it looked around,a pine tree nearby said,“What a beautiful flower!I wish I was that lovely.”Another tree said,“Dont be sad,we cant have everything.”The red rose looked at a cactus(仙人掌)and said,“What an ugly plant full of
14、 thorns(刺)!”The pine tree said,“Red rose,what kind of talk is this?Who can say what beauty is?You have thorns too.”The proud red rose looked angrily at the pine and said,“You dont know what beauty is.You cant compare me to a cactus.”Spring passed,and the weather became very warm.Life became difficul
15、t as no rain fell.The red rose was dying.One day the red rose saw birds suck water from the cactus.“Doesnt it hurt when they bite into the cactus?”asked the red rose.“Yes,but the cactus does not like to see any birds suffer,”replied the pine.“The birds can bring water to you if you ask the cactus fo
16、r help.”But the red rose felt too ashamed of its past words to ask.Exchange your answer with your partners5要素Who What How Whenwhere文体：_ 时态：_ 人称：_（记叙文）寓言a beautiful roselaughed at the cactus for its appearancefelt ashamed when she saw the cactus giving water to help the birds Once a beautiful proud r
17、ose,which was admired by other plants,teased the cactus for its appearance.However,when the weather became dry,the rose felt ashamed of itself as she saw the cactus providing others with water.Score:4-5A proud rose thinks that its superior to other plants in the forest because of its beauty.But it l
18、ater learn that beauty is not the only thing when it sees the cactushelping thirsty birds.A possible version:Tips:明晰主干（主题）（主角）A summary must:include the main idea in your own words.人称、时态、5要素（记叙文）把握主题、关键词用好关联词(but,because,so),表达清晰方法+练习+反思include the main idea in your own words.include supporting idea
19、s.not include your own opinions.include some shortest transitional words.Summary A summary must:phrases with similar meaningdifferent sentence patternsConclusion:Tips for writing a summary1.Read the passage for overall content and identify the structure or style.2.Reread carefully,highlighting the k
20、ey words,phrases,and sentences.3.In your final draft,insert transitional words and phrases where necessary.Combine sentences for a smooth,logical flow of ideas.More techniques:Skill1:Omit(省略)the details Skill2:Omit the repetitions Skill3:Omit the examples Skill4:Use general(概括性)words instead of spec
21、ific(具体的)words Skill5:Use the shortest possible transitions(but,then,thus,yet,for)1.Change unnecessary clauses into phrases2.Change useless phrases into single words 3.Change the sentence structure(结构)4.Change the voice(语态)of the sentence5.Use the synonyms(同义词)About the language概括所给短文内容要点写作具体方法和要求1.注意：利用原文中所给的语言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思要通顺，行文连贯。2.概括要做到开门见山1)According to the passage,we know2)This article is mainly about3)The writer states that3.概括要抓住要点,语言精练.
