1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练施敏动名词的用法The Usage of GerundsThe Usage of Gerunds一.成分（Composition）二.时态、语态与形式（Tense、VoiceForm）主动被动（vi.没有被动）一般式doing being done完成式 having done having been done主 谓 宾 表 定 状 补动名词不定式notThe Usage of Gerunds三.用法（Usage）1.主语（Subject）动名词：表示比较抽象的一般行为;不定式：表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作Eg:Smoking is not allowed her
2、e.(表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。)To smoke so much is not good for you.(表具体的一次性动作、要做的事情。)The Usage of GerundsLying is wrong.(泛指这种做法)To lie is wrong.(心目中有所指执行者)在实际运用各种，一般可以互换，差异不大，但在以下方面不能互换：当表语是动名词时，主语也要是动名词。当表语是不定式时，主语也要是不定式。The Usage of Gerunds use/no use/useless Its no good doing pity/pleasure/fun 表示习惯、a
3、waste of time 抽象概念2.宾语（Object）动名词:可作动词和介词的宾语;不定式:一般作动词的宾语，疑问词 to do可作介词的宾语。The Usage of Gerunds只跟动名词作宾语的动词有：避免错过少延期（）建议完成多练习（）喜欢想象禁不住（）承认否定与嫉妒（）逃避冒险莫原谅（）忍受保持不介意（）avoid、miss、put offadvise、finish、practiseenioy、imagine、cant helpadmit、deny、envyescap、risk、excusestand、keep、mindThe Usage of Gerunds但要特别注意以下
4、几个动词：allow、advise、permit、forbid后面只跟动名词作宾语，但却跟不定式的复合结构，即+sb to do sthEx:They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A.to risk going B.risking to go C.for risk to go D.risk goingAThe Usage of Gerunds既可跟to do 又可跟doing作宾语且意思相同的动词有：begin、start、continue、hate、like、love、prefer等 Eg:Do you like chess?Whe
5、n did you begin English?Note:enjoy+doingplaying/toplaylearning/to learnThe Usage of Gerunds【1】在like,hate,prefer 等动词之后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语；如指特定的或某次行动，则用不定式更多一些。Eg:She prefer walking to cycling.I like reading books of this kind,but I dont like to read that book.I prefer to stay at home today.注意The Usage
6、 of Gerunds【2】在begin,start后，如果表示有意识地开始（停止）做某事，多用动名词；如果动作自动或突然开始（停止），则多用不定式。He began talking about his plan for summer holiday.Suddenly it began to rain.We started working on the program in 2001.注意The Usage of Gerunds跟to 和doing但意思不同的动词：remember、foget、regret+to do/doing (to do表动作没发生，doing 表动作已发生)stop、
7、go on+to do/doing (to do 表另一件事，doing 表同一件事)try to do 试图/try doing 试一试The Usage of Gerundsmean to do 打算/mean doing 意思是意味着cant help to do 不能帮着做某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某事be afraid to do 不敢做某事be afraid of doing 害怕发生危险Ex:Did I turn off the gas?I remember.A.my turning off it B.you turning it offB.C.to turn
8、 it off D.you turned off itBThe Usage of Gerunds在动词want,require,need(需要)等后动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，用人作主语；动名词作宾语时（=to be done)，用物作主语。The wall needs repairing(=to be repaired).Someone needs to see you,sir.I want to go to the barbers because my hair wants cutting(=to be cut).The Usage of Gerunds动词deserve（值得、应得）后表
9、主动含义用to do 作宾语表被动含义用to be done/doing作宾语Eg:She deserved to win.Anyone who broke the law deserved to be punished/punishing/punishment.形容词worth(值得)后+doing(主动表被动)The Usage of GerundsEg:The book is worth reading.The picture is worth looking at.Compare:worthyworth while3.表语（Predicative）动名词：表示比较抽象的一般行为或习惯不
10、定式：表示具体一次性动作The Usage of Gerunds hobby、interest、job 作主语时，动名词表示主语内容或定义，是抽象含义，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问句。Eg:My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.)Ex:What made her teacher so angry?.A.She was late B.Her coming late C.Because she was late D.To come lateBThe Usage of Gerunds4.定语（Attribute）动名词:作定语表示所修饰名词
11、的用途，常常放在所修饰名词之前,可转换成“for”。Eg:the reading room=the room for reading a hearing aid=an aid for hearing a sleeping car=a car for sleepingCompare:a running horse/a sleeping babyThe Usage of Gerunds四.动名词的复合结构Would you mind opening the door?Would you mind my(me)opening the door?Marys coming late made her t
12、eacher angry?“形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词”构成动名词的复合结构。形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示动名词所表示的动作的执行者。The Usage of GerundsEg:They insisted on Toms staying here longer.在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，常用人称代词宾格或名词普通格代替形容词性物主代词或名Eg:I dont like him saying that.Exx:1.The discovery of new evidence led to .A.the thief having caught B.catch the thie
13、fC.the thief being caught D.the thief to be cauugtCThe Usage of Gerunds2.Do you mind?Go ahead.I dont mind.A.opening the window B.I open the windowC.if I open the window D.whether I open the window CThe Usage of Gerunds五.动名词的时态和语态一般式表示的动作与谓语动词同时或在之后发生；完成式表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生，但在admit、remember、forget、thankfo
14、r、excusefor、apologizefor、forgivefor等后面，一般式和完成式在意义上没有区别。Eg:He regretted shooting/having shot the bird.The Usage of GerundsEx:What made the boy unhappy was to go fishing with his father.A.his not allowing B.his not being allowed C.his being not allowed D.having not been allowedBMore exercises:1.Would
15、you please tell me next?A.how to do B.what to do C.what do I do D.how I should do 2.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 3.She didnt remember _ him before.A.having met B.have met C.to meet D.to having met BCA4.This sentence needs _.A.improv
16、ement B.improve C.improving D.improved 5.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking 6.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _ everything.(2001上海,29)A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been toldCCC7.Because of air pollution being
17、 greatly reduced,this city is still.A.a good place which to be lived inB.a good place to live C.a good place to live inD.a good place to live for 8.-Would you do me a favour?-I regret Im busy just now.A.to say B.saying C.having said D.to have saidCA9.I dont allow _ in my office and I dont allow my family _ at all.A.to smokesmoking B.smokingto smoke C.to smoketo smoke D.smokingsmoking 10.You should really avoid _ at home alone as he is old and ill.A.your father stay B.your father to stay C.your fathers staying D.your father who stays BC
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