1、专题三 议论文专题 三 议论文专题导读专题 三 专题导读议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：1开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。专题 三 专题导读2导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。3最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅
2、仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。真题再现专题 三 真题再现2009福建改编 Children find meanings in their old family tales.When Stephen Guyers three children were growing up,he told them stories about how their grandfather,a banker,
3、_1_ all in the 1930s,but did not lose sight of what he valued most.In one of the darkest times when their strongminded grandfather was nearly _2_，he loaded his family into the car and took them to see family members in Canada with a _3_，“there are more important things in life than money.”专题 三 真题再现T
4、he _4_ took on a new meaning recently when Mr.Guyer downsized to a _5_ house from a more expensive and comfortable one.He was_6_ that his children，a daughter,15,and twin sons,22,would be upset.To his surprise,they werent.Instead,their reaction echoed(共鸣)their greatgrandfathers.What they _7_ was how
5、warm the people were in the house and how much of their heart was accessible.专题 三 真题再现Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children through hard times.Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing _8_ in telling tales,evidenced by a rise in a storytellin
6、g events and festivals.A university _9_ of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids ability to _10_ parents stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.专题 三 真题再现The trick is telling the stories in a way children can _11_.Were not talking here about the kind of story that b
7、egins,“When I was a kid,I walked to school every day uphill both ways,barefoot in the snow.”Instead,we should choose a story suited to the childs _12_,and make eye contact to create“a personal experience”.We dont have to tell children what they should take from the story and what the moral is.专题 三 真
8、题再现()1.A.missedBlost Cforgot Dignored ()2.A.friendless Bworthless Cpenniless Dhomeless ()3.A.hope Bpromise Csuggestion Dbelief ()4.A.tale Bagreement Carrangement Dreport ()5.A.large Bsmall Cnew Dgrand ()6.A.surprised Bannoyed Cdisappointed Dworried专题 三 真题再现()7.A.talked about Bcared about Cwrote abou
9、t Dheard about ()8.A.argument Bskill Cinterest Danxiety ()9.A.study Bdesign Ccommittee Dstaff ()10.A.provide Bretell Csupport Drefuse ()11.A.perform Bwrite Chear Dquestion ()12.A.needs Bactivities Cjudgments Dhabits专题 三 真题再现【文章大意】文章通过Stephen Guyer给他的三个孩子讲述他们祖父艰苦创业的故事而引起孩子们的共鸣的例子说明了一个观点：给孩子们讲故事时，要注意满
10、足孩子们的需要，还要注意眼神的交流，采用孩子们易于接受的形式，并不要出现说教。1B 考查动词辨析。根据后一句中的动词lose可知此处选B。专题 三 真题再现2C 考查形容词辨析。penniless身无分文的。根据前文的darkest times，以及下文对当时情况的描述“there are more important things in life than money”可知此处选C。如果不注意分析下文的语境，就会误以为他们一家已经无家可归而不得不乘车去找家里的其他人而误选homeless(无家可归的)。friendless 没有友谊的，无依无靠的；worthless 没有价值的。3D 考查名
11、词辨析。由语境可知，当时他们已经身无分文了，所以可以推断出所填词意思是信念(belief)。也就是下文所说的“there are more important things in life than money”。hope希望；promise诺言；suggestion建议。专题 三 真题再现4A 考查语境化选词。这里就是指的上文所说的故事，所以用tale，也可以由文章首句得到启示，故选A。agreement同意，协议；arrangement安排；report报告。5B 考查语境化选词。根据downsize可知此处选B。句意为：Mr.Guyer从一个很贵、舒适的大房子搬到一个小房子里。6D 考查
12、形容词辨析。句意为：由于搬到小房子之后，生活条件的落差很大，他担心(worried)他15岁的女儿和22岁的双胞胎儿子会沮丧，故选D。surprise吃惊；annoy 恼怒；disappoint失望。专题 三 真题再现7B 考查动词短语辨析。talk about谈论，讨论；care about 注意，关心；write about写关于的事；hear about 听说。由句意可知此处选B。8C 考查名词辨析。前文提到讲述家人以前的故事的积极作用，所以这里的意思是：故事专家们说这种现象反映了人们对讲述家庭故事产生越来越大的兴趣，故选C。argument 辩论；skill技巧；anxiety焦虑。9
13、A 考查名词辨析。study研究。下文介绍的是研究的结果，所以这里的意思是：一所大学对于65个有14到16岁孩子的家庭的研究发现，能复述父辈故事的孩子们易怒和焦虑的概率相对较低。design 设计；committee 委员会；staff全体员工。专题 三 真题再现10B 考查动词辨析。retell复述。句意见上一题。provide 提供；support支持；refuse拒绝。11C 考查动词辨析。句子意思是：讲这种故事的技巧是用一种孩子们能听的方式来讲。12A 考查固定搭配。suited可以推断出此处选A；suit ones needs满足某人的需要。句意为：我们讲这些故事应该满足孩子们的需要
14、，并且注意目光接触，也没有必要告诉他们应该从故事中学到什么(这样才会有效果)。专题预测专题 三 专题预测(一)When Winston Churchill was a young man,his father concluded that Churchill was“unfit for a career in law or politics”because he did so badly in school.When Charles Darwin was getting ready to _1_ on his fiveyear expedition on The Beagle,his fath
15、er was extremely _2_.He thought his son was falling into a life of sin and idleness.专题 三 专题预测George Washingtons mother was a complaining,selfcentered woman by all accounts.She thought little of Washingtons achievements and didnt _3_ at either of his presidential inaugurations(就职典礼).She was always co
16、mplaining that her _4_ overlooked her and she was especially angry when her son George ran off to command the army for the American Revolution.She _5_ believed it was his duty to stay home and take care of her.专题 三 专题预测In his youth,the late Leonard Bernstein,one of the most talented and successful c
17、omposers in American history,was continually pressured by his father to give up his _6_ and do something worthwhile,like helping out in his familys beautysupply business.After Leonard became _7_，his father was asked about that,and he answered,“Well,how was I supposed to know he was the Leonard Berns
18、tein？”专题 三 专题预测People may criticize you or make fun of your ideas or actively try to _8_ you.Often their efforts are only attempts to protect you from failure.But obviously failure is only a possibility if you stop.If you keep _9_，a“failure”is just another learning _10_.Besides,giving up on a heartf
19、elt goal is worse than failing.“Many people die”，said Wendell Holmes,“With their music still in them.”Thats a true tragedy.专题 三 专题预测So listen _11_ to the worries and criticisms of your friends and family,and do your best to put their minds at ease,but then carry on.Listen last to your own heart.You
20、_12_ yourself better than anyone on earth.Make sure your song is sung.()1.A.set sail Btake charge Cset free Dtake off()2.A.excited Bpleased Cdisappointed Dscared专题 三 专题预测()3.A.show off Bshow up Chelp out Dpick up ()4.A.parents Bneighbors Cstudents Dchildren ()5.A.foolishly Bsecretly Cbravely Dhonest
21、ly ()6.A.strength Bmusic Cwealth Dfaith ()7.A.proud Bsteady Cindependent Dfamous专题 三 专题预测()8.A.advise Bsuggest Cstop Dkeep ()9.A.stopping Bstarting Cgoing Dcoming ()10.A.method Bexperiment Cschedule Dexperience ()11.A.politely Brudely Cshallowly Droughly ()12.A.trust Bbelieve Cknow Ddoubt专题 三 专题预测【文
22、章大意】文章通过丘吉尔、华盛顿、达尔文等人被家人不遗余力试图阻止从事自己喜欢的事业，但他们依然坚持下来，最终达到了自己事业的顶峰的故事，告诉我们：我们也不能一味听从他人，而忽视自己内心的想法。因为你比世界上任何人都了解自己。1A 考查动词短语辨析。由常识并结合语境可知，达尔文乘他的小猎犬号船进行了五年的探险，所以应该选set sail，意为“张帆，开航”。take charge负责，管理；set free释放；take off起飞，脱下。专题 三 专题预测2C 考查形容词辨析。由下文的He thought his son was falling into a life of sin and i
23、dleness父亲对他非常失望。所以选disappointed，意为“失望的”。3B 考查动词短语辨析。show up现身，出现。句意为：她瞧不起华盛顿的成就，也没有出席他儿子的两次总统就职大典。show off炫耀；help out帮助摆脱困境；pick up捡起，偶然获得，(用车)接某人。4D 考查名词辨析。由语境可知，这里讲的是她和孩子们的关系，所以应该选children，下文的son也有提示专题 三 专题预测5D 考查副词辨析。她是根据老人传统的观点产生的想法，所以应该选honestly，意为“诚实地，如实地”。句意为：她坦承地认为，待在家里照顾她才是他的职责所在。foolishly愚
24、笨地，无聊地；secretly秘密地；bravely勇敢地。6B 考查名词辨析。由前文的composers(作曲家)可以看出，他所热爱的是音乐(music)。7D 考查形容词辨析。由that(指的是他父亲反对他学音乐这件事)以及他父亲的答语(当时我怎么知道他就是雷昂纳德伯恩斯坦？)来看，这是雷昂纳德伯恩斯坦成名后的事情。故选famous。专题 三 专题预测8C 考查动词辨析。该部分是对前面所举例子的议论。前面所举的几个例子都是父/母试图阻止孩子们做自己喜欢的事情，因此该空选stop，意为“阻止”。句意为：人们可能会批评你，嘲笑你的想法或者不遗余力试图阻止你。通常他们这样做只是想让你免受失败之苦
25、。但只有当你停下来时你才可能失败，如果你继续前行，“失败”则只是另一种学习经验。而且，放弃自己内心深处的渴望要比失败更糟糕。9C 考查动词辨析。很显然，这里表达的意思是：不受外界阻力的干扰，继续做自己喜欢做的事情，也就是自己的梦想，所以选going，意为“进行”。专题 三 专题预测10D 考查名词辨析。experience 经历；method方法；experiment实验；schedule时间表，计划表。11A 考查副词辨析。politely 有礼貌地，客气地。上文告诉我们，家人和朋友阻止我们是担心我们失败，因此，我们既要为了自己的梦想而拼搏，又得让他们放心，所以应该有礼貌地倾听他们的担心和批
26、评。12C 考查动词辨析。know知道，了解。句意为：最终还是要听从自己内心的想法，因为你比世界上任何人都了解自己。专题 三 专题预测(二)Do Americans have morals?Thats a good question.Moral values in America are like those in any culture.专题 三 专题预测One of the most _1_ moral values for Americans is honesty.The wellknown legend about George Washington and the cherry tr
27、ee teaches this value_2_.Little George cut down his fathers favorite cherry tree while trying out his new hatchet.When his father asked him about it,George said,“I cannot tell a lie.I did it with my hatchet.”Instead of _3_，George received praise.Sometimes American honestybeing open and directcan off
28、end people.But Americans still believe that“honesty is the best policy”专题 三 专题预测Another _4_ Americans respect is perseverance(毅力)Remember Aesops fable about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race?The rabbit thought he could _5_ easily,so he took a nap.But the turtle finally won because he did not
29、 _6_.专题 三 专题预测Compassion(同情)may be the queen of American virtues.The story of“The Good Samaritan”from the Bible _7_ a man who showed compassion.On his way to a _8_ city,a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road.The kind Samaritan,instead of just passing by,stopped to help this person i
30、n need.Compassion can even turn into a positive circle.In autumn 1992,people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians _9_ by a hurricane.The next summer,during the Midwest flooding,Florida _10_ the favor.专题 三 专题预测In no way can this brief description _11_ all the moral values honored by Am
31、ericans.Courage,responsibility,_12_，gratitude and many others could be discussed.But no matter how long or how short the list,moral values are invaluable.()1.A.lovely Bbasic Cparticular Dscientific()2.A.politely Bclearly Ceasily Dslightly专题 三 专题预测()3.A.agreement Bpunishment Cachievement Dargument ()
32、4.A.person Baction Cvirtue Dsystem ()5.A.win Bfail Cdefeat Dbeat ()6.A.slow down Bcome up Cgive up Dfall off ()7.A.describes Bpraises Ctells Dmentions专题 三 专题预测()8.A.lonely Balone Ccertain Ddeserted ()9.A.hurt Bdestroyed Cruined Dhit ()10.A.offered Breturned Chonored Dreminded ()11.A.cover Brespect C
33、shape Dreflect ()12.A.strength Bsilence Cloyalty Dreality专题 三 专题预测【文章大意】道德价值在美国就像在任何其他的文化一样，事实上，许多道德的观点在是全球一致的。但是，不同的文化则有不同的故事和传统来教导它们。文章通过耳熟能详的故事，向我们介绍了威廉班奈特，前任美国教育部长，在美德中成功显示了许多美国人仍然相信的包括诚实、坚韧、同情在内的道德价值。1B 句意为：美国人最基本的(basic)道德价值之一是诚实。lovely(可爱的)，particular(特别的)，scientific(科学的)都不符合语境。专题 三 专题预测2B 通过
34、一个故事清楚地(clearly)表达出了最基本的道德观念。句意为：众所周知的乔治华盛顿砍樱桃树的故事，即将此道德表达得极为清楚。3B 砍坏了樱桃树，按照常理应该受到惩罚(punishment)。句意为：乔治非但未被惩罚，反而因为诚实而被赞赏。4C 句意为：另外一个为美国人所尊崇的美德为坚忍。perseverance和上文的honesty以及下文的compassion都是作者介绍的美德(virtue)。下一段第一句话有暗示。专题 三 专题预测5A 该段最后一句话也有暗示。兔子以为它可以赢得很轻松，便睡了个午觉。win用作不及物动词，意为“在比赛中获胜或第一个到达终点”。beat 有很大的干扰性，
35、但它只能用作及物动词，意为“打败”。6C 这里讲的是“坚忍/坚定不移(perseverance)”，所以应选give up。句意为：但是乌龟最后终因不放弃而赢了这场比赛。7A圣经中的好撒玛利亚人的故事，描述一个流露同情心的人。由宾语可以看出，这里指的是描述一个人物，所以要用describes，而不是讲述一个人物故事，因此应该排除最大的干扰项tells。专题 三 专题预测8C 在这个撒玛利亚人出发去某城市的途中，看到一个可怜的旅客躺在路旁。这里只是说他去一个城市，而并没有说出该城市的特征，所以应用certain，意思是“某个”。9D 在这几个词中只有hit可以表示(自然灾害的)袭击，使遭受。句意
36、为：衣阿华州的居民将好几辆卡车的水送到受飓风侵袭的佛罗里达州。这里只是说那里遭受了水灾，而并没有说被破坏到了无法重建的程度，所以不能选destroy或ruin。专题 三 专题预测10B 由语境可知，这次收到的帮助，是以前自己帮助别人的回报(return)。句意为：而就在第二年夏天，当中西部闹水灾的时候，佛州人便投桃报李。11A 句意为：在这么一篇短短的文章里，无论如何也不能将美国人所尊崇的道德述尽。cover包含，覆盖；respect尊敬；shape塑造；reflect反映。12C 在所给的词中，只有loyalty(忠诚)和courage(英勇)，responsibility(责任),gratitude(感激)同属于一类：道德的范畴。
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