1、中国节日文化读写材料汇编（2）-泼水节+清明节+端午节4. Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People傣族泼水节Water-Splashing Festival is the most ceremonious traditional festival of the Dai minority. It usually takes place in mid-April of the solar calendar, often ten days before or after the Tomb-sweeping Day, and lasts three to
2、seven days. Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year in the Dai calendar, and also a festival with the largest influence and maximum participating population among lots of minority festivals in Yunnan Province. In this festival, the Dai People without reference to age and sex will get dressed up and
3、 shoulder clean water to the Buddhist Temple. They will first bathe the Buddha and then begin to splash water with one another for wishing luck, happiness and health. The more water one person is sprinkled, the more luck he/she receives, and the happier he/she will be. Dai People will also invite pe
4、ople from other ethnic minorities and tourists coming from afar to splash water to celebrate the festival. The scene of water splashing and spraying is really delighting, and when getting excited, people will burst out the hurrah like shui (water), shui and shui.Besides water splashing, there are a
5、lot of other conventions in the Water-splashing Festival. Children will cut down bamboos to make squirt gun and play water game. People without reference to age and sex are all dressed up and climb up the mountain in groups to pick up wild flowers to make flower house. Young people who are not marri
6、ed throw specially-made bags to pay court to each other. And people let off Gaosheng fireworks and Kongming Lamp to memorialize the wisdom of Zhuge Liang in the ancient Three Kingdoms Period. Additionally, there are some other conventions such as Dragon Boat Race, Release of Paper-made River Boat, P
7、eacock Dancing and Cockfighting. In the festival, people will decorate their own residence ceremoniously so that the doorframe and window of every household are pasted with various paper cutting. Decorated archways, whose top stands a golden peacock that symbolizes happiness and good luck, are also
8、put up at the main streets in the town. Water-Splashing Festival was once a religious ceremony in Indian Brahmanism and then absorbed by Buddhism and passed to the Dai region in Yunnan Province via Burma. It has enjoyed a history of seven hundred years up to now. At present, the convention of water
9、splashing has actually become a form of mutual wishing between one another. In the eye of the Dai People, water is a symbol of sanctity, beauty and brightness. Only water can help everything on the earth grow, so water is the god of life. Helper:splash spl 使（液体）溅起 solar calendar sul klind 阳历 maximum
10、 mksmm最大值的 participate p:tisipeit 参加某事 sprinkle sprikl洒，撒 afar f:(r) 从远处，遥远 hurrah hr:好哇；万岁 convention knvenn 习俗，规矩 squirt skw:t 喷， 注射器 pay court to追求（女人）, 求爱 doorframe d:freim 门框 Brahmanism br:mnizm 婆罗门教 Burma b:m缅甸 sanctity sktti 圣洁，神圣 Chinese Brief Introduction: 泼水节是傣族最隆重的节日，也是云南少数民族中影响面最大，参加人数最多
11、的节日。源于印度，是古婆罗门教的一种仪式，后为佛教所吸收，约在公元十二世纪末至十三世纪初经缅甸随佛教传入中国云南傣族地区，至今已数百年。泼水节是傣族的新年，相当于公历的四月中旬，一般持续3至7天。第一天傣语叫“麦日”，与农历的除夕相似；第二天傣语叫“恼日”（空日）；第三天是新年，叫“叭网玛”，意为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。泼水节的活动内容丰富，这期间，大家用纯净的清水相互泼洒，祈求洗去过去一年的不顺，新的一年带着美好的愿望再次出发。其它的还有丢包、放高升、，跳、放河船、跳孔雀舞等，人们身着盛装，喜气洋洋，场面极为热闹。 Exercise:I. Questions:1. Whe
12、n does Water-Splashing Festival happen?2. Are Dai People the only ones who can participate in Water-Splashing?3. Which festival of Han people is Water-Splashing Festival similar to?4. From the picture in the text, can you find which famous leader of the PRC took part in Water-Splashing?5. List some
13、activities appearing in the Water-Splashing Festival besides water-splashing?6. What does it mean if you are watered much?II. Written work假如你是21st century的一位编辑，主持Q/A栏目，美国游客David给报社写信说，在云南旅游时，适逢傣族的泼水节，他对被泼水很是不解。请你在Q/A栏目中给与回复。要求包括泼水节上的误解、解释、和建议三个方面。Suggested answers:I. Questions:1. It usually takes pl
14、ace in mid-April of the solar calendar, often ten days before or after the Tomb-sweeping Day.2. No. Dai People will also invite people from other ethnic minorities and tourists coming from a great distance to splash water to celebrate the festival. 3. The Spring Festival 4. Zhou Enlai (March 5, 1898
15、-January 8, 1976), served as Premier of the Government Administrative Council of the Peoples Republic of China.5. Making flower house, letting off Gaosheng fireworks and Kongming Lamp, Dragon Boat Race, Releasing of Paper-made River Boat, Peacock Dancing and Cockfighting and so on.6. It means you ar
16、e more lucky, more healthy, and happier.II. Written workDear David, I fully understand why you are feeling annoyed. But what you have experienced is actually a blessing. The local people didnt mean to splash water at you. As a matter of fact, it is merely Watering Splashing Festival celebrated by Da
17、i Nationalities in joyful expectation of the coming New Year. During the festival, Dai people will exchange goodwill by splashing water at each other. Whoever comes to the festival will be involved in it, which just shows their best wishes to you. So you must have misunderstood them. I hope you can
18、travel to more places in China so that you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture. Your exposure to Chinese culture, Im convinced, will surely help you a lot. Best wishes!5.Tomb Sweeping Festival清明节The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival, which is also called the Tomb Sweeping Festival,
19、is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year (It falls on April 5 in 2018). After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guid
20、e farm work; it is more a festival of commemoration.The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness.This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased. Also, they
21、will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.The Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival. As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming, they were later combined.On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to swe
22、ep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.
23、In contrast to the sadness of the tomb sweepers, people also enjoy hope of spring on this day. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring Outings. At this ti
24、me tourists are everywhere.People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival. Kite flying is actually not limited to the Qingming Festival. Its uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not during the day, but also at night. A string of little lanterns tied onto the kite or the thread look like s
25、hining stars, and therefore, are called gods lanterns.The Qingming Festival is also a time to plant trees, for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later. In the past, the Qingming Festival was called Arbor Day. But since 1979, Arbor Day was settled as March 12 according to the
26、Gregorian calendar. （374 words） Helper:division divi()n分开，分隔 plow pla 犁耕 sow su 播（种） sacrifice skrifais献祭，供奉 minority mainriti; mi-少数, 少数民族 ethnic enik少数民族的成员 decease dI si:s 死亡 cemetery semitri墓地，公墓 simplify simplifai简化 incense insens香 memorial tablet纪念碑 in contrast to in kntrst tu: 相比之下 uniqueness
27、 junikns独特性 arbor :b 树木 sapling spl幼树，树苗 Chinese Brief Introduction: 清明节是农历之一，在与之交，也就是后的第108天，节气是按照制定的。中国汉族传统的清明节大约始于，距今已有二千五百多年的历史。清明一到，气温升高，正是春种的大好时节，也是植树的好时节。清明节是一个祖先的节日，传统活动为。清明时期，清明扫墓更为盛行。古时扫墓，孩子们还常要放风筝。有的风筝上安有竹笛，经风一吹能发出响声，犹如筝的声音。踏青早在唐代就已开始，历代承袭成为习惯。踏青除了欣赏大自然的湖光山色、春光美景之外，还开展各种文娱活动，增添生活情趣。北宋时期清明
28、节很是普遍，流传下来的张泽端的描绘的就是年间清明时节（）汴河两岸的人物景象。从2008年开始，中国将清明节认定为，放假一天。至2009年，又改为三天。一直延续至今。 Exercise:I. Questions:1. What is it that is proper for farmers to do during the Qingming Festival?2. Why do we say the Qingming Festival combines sadness with happiness?3. Why is there the custom of Spring Outings dur
29、ing the Qingming Festival?4. When does the Chinese Arbor Day fall every year? II. Written work情景作文：假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，为响应绿化祖国的号召，你班四月十二日去郊区植树，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍植树活动的全过程，给某英文杂志的“绿色行动”专栏写一篇以“Green Action in Our Class”为题的英文稿件。注意：词数不少于80 提示词：郊区 suburbs内容要点：（1）骑车去植树（2）植树 （3）安插提示牌（4）照相说明：内容要点可用不同方式表达Suggeste
30、d answers:I. Questions:1. It is proper for farmers to plow and sow.2. Not only is this the most important day of sacrifice, when people offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the ancestors, but also they enjoy hope of spring on this day. 3. Because it is a time when the sun shine
31、s brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Its proper to go out. 4. March 12 according to the Gregorian calendarII. Written workGreen Action in Our ClassApril 12 is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day. In the morning, we bicycled to the s
32、uburbs to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way. Upon arrival, we began to work immediately. Some were digging holes. Some were carrying and planting young trees. Others were watering them. After getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees. Before leaving w
33、e took some photos to record our green action. Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. We feel its our duty to protect and beautify our environment.6. Dragon Boat Festival端午节The Dragon Boat Festival, the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, has had a history of more than 2,000 years
34、. It is usually in June in the Gregorian calendar.There are many legends about the evolution of the festival, the most popular of which is in memory of Qu Yuan (340-278 BC). Qu Yuan was minister of the State of Chu and one of Chinas earliest poets. In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin Sta
35、te, he suggested enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin. However, he was opposed by noblemen headed by Zi Lan, and later was forced to give up his position and exiled by King Huai. In his exiled days, he still cared much for his country and people
36、and wrote immortal poems including Li Sao (The Lament), Tian Wen (Heavenly Questions) and Jiu Ge (Nine Songs), which had far-reaching influences. In 278 BC, he heard the news that Qin troops had finally conquered Chus capital, so he finished his last piece Huai Sha (Embracing Sand) and threw himself
37、 into the Miluo River, holding a large stone tightly with his arms around it. The day happened to be the 5th of the 5th month in the Chinese lunar calendar. After his death, the people of Chu crowded to the bank of the river to pay their respects to him. The fishermen sailed their boats up and down
38、the river to look for his body. People threw into the water zongzi (pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves) and eggs to make possible fish or shrimp change direction avoiding from attacking his body. An old doctor poured a jug of yellow rice wine into the water, hop
39、ing to turn all beasts living in water drunk. Thats why people later followed the customs such as dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day.Dragon boat racing is a necessary part of the festival, held all over the country. As the gun is fired, people will see racers in
40、dragon-shaped canoes pulling the oars harmoniously and hurriedly, accompanied by rapid drums, speeding toward their destination. Folk tales say the game originates from the activities of seeking Qu Yuans body, but experts, after painstaking and careful research, conclude that dragon boat racing is a
41、 semi-religious, semi-entertaining program from the Warring States Period (475-221 BC). In the following thousands of years, the game spread to Japan, Vietnam and Britain as well as Chinas Taiwan and Hong Kong. Now dragon boat racing has developed into an aquatic sports item which features both Chin
42、ese tradition and modern sporting spirit. In 1980, it was listed into the state sports competition programs and has since been held every year. The award is called Qu Yuan Cup. Zongzi is an essential food of the Dragon Boat Festival. It is said that people ate them in the Spring and Autumn Period (7
43、70-476 BC). In early times, it was only glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or other plant leaves and tied with colored thread, but now the fillings are more various, including jujube and bean paste, fresh meat, and ham and egg yolk. If time permits, people will bathe glutinous rice, wash reed
44、leaves and wrap up zongzi themselves. Otherwise, they will go to shops to buy whatever stuff they want. The custom of eating zongzi is now popular in North and South Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian nations. On the Dragon Boat Festival, parents also need to dress their children up with a perfume pou
45、ch. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines, and finally string them with silk threads. The perfume pouch will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as a decoration. Its said to be able to turn away from evil. （639
46、 words）Helper:the Gregorian grig:rincalendar格里历，阳历 legend led()nd 传说 evolution ,ivlu()n; ev- 演变 exile eksail; egz- 流放，放逐 glutinous glutins黏的，胶质的 canoe knu独木舟，轻舟 oar 桨，橹 semi-religious半宗教性的 aquatic sports kwtik; -kwt-水上运动 jujube dudub 枣 perfume pfjum 香水, 香料 pouch pat 小袋 herbal hb()l 药草的，草本的 Chinese B
47、rief Introduction: 端午节为每年农历五月初五，又称、午日节、五月节等。端午节起源于中国，最初是我国人们以祛病防疫的节日，后来传说爱国诗人在这一天死去，也同时成了中国汉族人民纪念的传统节日，以围绕才华横溢、遗世独立的楚国大夫屈原而展开，传播至华夏各地，民俗文化共享，屈原之名人尽皆知，追怀华夏民族的高洁情怀。但部分地区也有纪念、等说，且吴越之地以在此日举行部落图腾祭祀的习俗更是早于春秋。端午节有吃，挂、，、，喝的习俗。“端午节”为国家法定节假日之一，并被列入名录。Exercise: I. Questions:1. When does the Dragon Boat Festiva
48、l occur in China?2. Why do people followed the customs such as dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day?3. How much do you know about Zongzi like?4. Why do children wear a perfume pouch?5. Have you ever seen any dragon boat racing? If so, please describe it.II. Written
49、 work1. 介绍端午节, 包括时间、方式和意义三个方面。110词左右。2. 假如你是2018年11月27-29日在浙江省德清举行的首届联合国世界地理信息大会的一名英语志愿者，除了给来自世界各地的运动员提供帮助外，你的另一使命是向他们传播中国文化, 其中包括中国传统节日的介绍。请根据下面的提示用英语写一篇短文，向他们介绍中国的端午节。名称端午节历史2000多年时间每年的农历五月初五； 初夏，标志着一年最热季节的开始庆祝活动赛龙舟。 以前：只有中国人庆祝；现在：越来越多外国人参加赛龙舟活动特色食品把糯米包裹在新鲜的竹叶里的粽子写作要求使用5个句子表达全部的内容。评分标准句子结构准确，信息内容完
50、整，篇章结构连贯。 Blessings:1. Fate, let me meet you; Happiness, let me know you; Passions, reminds me of you; Friendship, let us together; Information, let me have to send you; Wish you all the luck, the Dragon Boat Festival is happy.缘分，让我遇见你;开心，让我认识你;牵挂，让我想起你;友谊，让我们在一起;信息，让我不得不发给你;祝愿你一切都如意，端午节快乐。2. If a f
51、lower represents a blessing, I send to you the whole spring! If a white cloud represents a lucky, I send to you the whole sky! May I be able to put the best blessing to you, and wish you happiness on the Dragon Boat Festival!如果一朵花代表一个祝福，我送给你整个春天!如果一朵白云代表一份幸运，我送给你整个天空!愿我能把世上最好的祝福带给你，祝端午节快乐!Suggested
52、answers:I. Questions:1. It occurs on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month.2. To be in remembrance of Qu Yuan, a patriot, who devoted himself for his country. 3. In early times, it was only glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or other plant leaves and tied with colored thread, but now the fillings
53、 are more various, including jujube and bean paste, fresh meat, and ham and egg yolk. 4. Because it can be used as a decoration and its said to be able to turn away from evil. 5. see paragraph 3II. Written work 1. The Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional Chinese festival, is celebrated on the fifth d
54、ay of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. It dates from over 2000 years ago, which falls on June 6th this year. On this day, Chinese people prepare Zongzi glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves. As the festival name shows, people have dragon boat races to celebrate it, espe
55、cially in the southern places where there are many rivers and lakes. The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, a great poet of ancient China. 2. The Dragon Boat Festival, with a history of more than 2000 years, falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year. As it is in early su
56、mmer, it marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year. In the old days, dragon boat races were organized only by the Chinese people. However, in recent years, people from other cultures have also taken part in the races and enjoyed the fun. The special food for this festival is called zongzi, which is sticky rice in fresh bamboo leaves.
