1、定语从句语法精讲1.关系代词that与which的用法区别：(1)关系代词指代物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况。关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候。This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。语法精讲关系代词指前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时。He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。语法精讲(2)that和which都指物时
2、，在下列四种情况下只能用that而不能用which。当先行词是all，everything，something，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。There was little that I could do for you.我不能为你做什么。That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的。语法精讲当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This i
3、s the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。当先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时。语法精讲This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。Mr.Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一外国人。当人和物同时作先行词时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗
4、？语法精讲当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Which is the bike that you lost?哪一辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the boy that won the gold medal?获金牌的男孩是谁？语法精讲(2009年龙岩检测)Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，_he got a good opportunity for further development.Aafter thatBafter whichCafter it Dafter this【解析】考查定语从句。a
5、fter which he got a good opportunity for further development是非限制性定语从句。【答案】B考点链接语法精讲2介词关系代词(1)介词关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whom。The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是个小偷。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提
6、供帮助。语法精讲(2)当复合介词短语which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。(3)介词which/who不定式结构。The poor man has no house in which to live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。语法精讲(4)of which/whom表示所属关系(也可用whose)。Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of whi
7、ch(whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。语法精讲考点链接(1)(2009年高考江西卷)The house I grew up_has been taken down and replaced by an office building.Ain it BinCin that Din which语法精讲【解析】此题考查定语从句。句意：我小时候住过的房子已经被拆掉，取而代之的是一座办公大楼。先行词为the house，代入定语从句后为：I grew up in the house，故答案为B。【答案】B语法精讲(2)(2009年高
8、考陕西卷)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time.Aof which Bwith whichCabout which Dinto which语法精讲【解析】此题考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：枪支控制是美国人争论了很长时间的一个话题。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the_subject for a long time。由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about 的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。故选C。【答案】C语法
9、精讲3关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：语法精讲其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)He is not the same man
10、as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)语法精讲【注意】(1)such.as.(定语从句)像那样such.that.(状语从句)如此以至于This is such an easy question as I can answer.这是一个我能回答的简单问题。(定语从句)This is such an easy question that I can answer it.这是个简单的问题，我能回答。(状语从句)语法精讲(2009年福州检测)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest_everyone likes to visit
11、.Athat BasCwhich Dwhat考点链接语法精讲【解析】as everyone likes to visit是定语从句，修饰先行词place，as在从句中作visit的宾语，此句是“such.as.”结构。如果理解为结果状语从句而选择A项，需要在题干中visit后加上it。故选B。【答案】B语法精讲(2)the same.as.表示相似的东西the same.that.表示同一人或物This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。This is the same knife that I lost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。语法精讲4关系
12、代词as，which的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.结果天气很好，这出乎我们的意料。语法精讲考点链接(2009年高考山东卷)Whenever I met her，_was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.Awho Bwh
13、ichCwhen Dthat【解析】句意：不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子内容。故选B。【答案】B语法精讲(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that th
14、e moon travels round the earth once every month.语法精讲What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.后两句属名词性从句范畴。语法精讲(3)as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。As is known to all，Edison invented the telephone.Edison invented the
15、 telephone，as is known to all.语法精讲(2009年西安八校联考)A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses，_has happened in Iraq.Awhat BasCthat Done【解析】as为关系代词，引导定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。故选B。【答案】B考点链接语法精讲5当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句中作的成分。Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao？你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？D
16、o you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？语法精讲6当先行词为case，point，position，situation等词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。语法精讲(2009年高考福建卷)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCwhich Dwhere考点链接语法精讲【解析】句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：They can see themselves differently inthe situation。由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表“时间”，不合本题要求，只有where符合本题要求。故选D。【答案】D
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