1、英语语法复习(Subjunctive Mood)河北任丘二中邓哲虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；如果我是上帝，我将拥有一切。如果我见过上帝，我一定已经与他交朋友了。如果有一天我能见到上帝，我会告诉他我的梦想。我希望我能见到阿波罗(Apollo)，因为我热爱阳光
2、。我希望我能见到丘比特(Cupid)，因为爱情是最美丽的。但是我不可能见到上帝(It is impossible that)，所以最重要的还是要努力学习(it is important)。我和上帝If I were God,I would have everything.If I had met God,I would have made friends with him.If I should see God one day,I would tell him my dream.I wish I could meet Apollo,because I love sunlight.I wish
3、I could meet Cupid,because love is the most beautiful.But it is impossible that I meet God.So it is the most important that we should study hard.I and GodHomework:1.Review the Subjunctive Mood after class.2.Do exercise1.2 and 3on page 69 to page70 in English books.1、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时 间If 条件句主 句过去had done
4、would should +have done couldmight现在助动词 be用 were 实义动词 do 用didwould should +do sthcouldmight将来did/were should dowere to dowould should +do sthcouldMight1.If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。2.If it were sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。
5、3.If I were you,I would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。例句：(与过去事实相反)(与将来事实可能相反)(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)2、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况a）倒装：当从句中有 were,had 或 should 时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。If I were you,I would give it up.Were I you,I would give it up.If I had had time,I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time,I would have
6、run round that lake again.If there should be a flood,what should we do?should there be a flood,what should we do?If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.b)错综时间的条件句即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式,如：1.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。2.如果他当初不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。If he had not taken my advice,he wouldn
7、t do it much better like this.考题点击1)What would have happened,_ as far as the river bank?(01 上海)A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk fartherC.had Bob walked farther D.if Bob walked farther2)If you _ him yesterday,you _ what to do now.A.asked would knowB.had asked would have knownC.asked him
8、knowD.had asked would knowCD3.名词性从句中的虚拟语气 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。考题点击：1.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock.A.finished B.be finished C.should finish
9、 D.finish2.-What did the doctor say about your mothers illness?-He suggested that she _ an operation at once.A.must haveB.had C.haveD.had had BC 我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom(should)have a rest.He insisted that I(should)be present.They requested that we(should)send them
10、to work there.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireB、主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型：a.It is suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)dob.It is important,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable+(should)doc
11、.It is a pity,a shame,no wonder+(should)do考题点击：1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A.takesB.has to takeC.must take D.take2.It is strange that he _ you this.A.would tell B.should tell C.had told D.has toldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气考题点击：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B
12、.tries C.must try D.can tryAMy idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完
13、成式(had done).一、as if 连接表语从句 she looks as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、as if 连接状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us as if he had been there.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。1)虚拟语气在 as if 从句中4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法1.We could
14、 not have finished the work in time without your help.2.I was ill yesterday.Otherwise I would have attendedthe meeting.3.But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.4.Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.5.But for water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.2）含蓄虚拟条
15、件句:指的是假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语，或通过上下文来表示。如介词短语:but for(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),in that case(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气5)Its high time+that-Should（不可省）+V.过去时3)wish+宾语从句过去时(did/were)过去完成时(had done)现在：过去：未来：would/could/might/should+V4)would rather that-过去：现在：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party
16、if he had gone to London.2.A.would have missed B.had missed3.C.would miss D.missed4.2.If I knew you were coming,I _ you at the airport.5.A.had met B.met6.C.would meet D.would have metExercisesAD虚拟语气3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listen4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell5.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had goneBAB
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