1、1变化类表事物发展变化的过程：become,go,turn,grow,get,fall等。2感觉类表人体部位的感受：feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。3状态类表事物所处的状态：keep,come,run,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove等。4外表特征类表外表给人的印象：appear,seem,look等。除了少数几个（如feel,get,become,grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible.（误）The mixture tastes terrible（正）Jim pretende
2、d to be falling asleep when his mother came in.（误）Jim pretended to fall/be asleep when his mother came in.（正）Im feeling much better than ever before.It was getting darker and darker.Besides,a cold rain began to fall.(1)-Do you like the material?-Yes,it _ very soft.(NMET94)A.is feeling B.felt C.feels
3、 D.is felt(2)Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will _ fresh for several days.(NMET 03)A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed(3)The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating(4)Be careful when you cro
4、ss this very busy street.If not,you may _ run over by a car.A.have B.get C.become D.turn(5)Happy birthday,Alice.So you have _ twenty-one already.(04天津卷）A.become B.turned C.grown D.passed(6)Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.g
5、et to change(7)0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine,she _ pale.(04湖北卷）A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared(8)The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt(9)Although he has taken a lot of medicine,
6、his health _ poor.(02春上海卷）A.proves B.remains C.maintains D.continues(10)I love to go to the seaside in summer.It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。1后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song s
7、ung,but I have never heard you sing it.2后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea,we let out a shout of joy.3后接V-ed形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later,he found his home town greatly changed.(1)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next y
8、ear.(NMET 2000)A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out (2)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.(NMET 03）A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked(3)The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play (4)The salesman scol
9、ded the girl who was caught _ and let her off.(NMET93)A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing (5)He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting 表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make,let,have,keep,leave,set,send等。1.make,let have等
10、后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to.在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中.He was made to apologize to the guest.2.have,keep,leave,send,set,get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.3.have,keep,leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he h
11、ad had his watch repaired.1)Dont leave the waterwhile you brushyour teeth.(04天津卷）A.run B.running C.being run D.to run2Laws that punish parents for their childrens actionsagainst the laws get parents(04重庆卷）A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry (3)-Why did you go back to the shop?-I left my friend _
12、 there.(03春安徽内蒙古卷）A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits (4)It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.(NMET91)A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned (5)-Good morning,can I help you?-Id like to have this package _，madam.A.be weighed B.weighing C.weighed D.to weigh(6)The speaker raised his voice but
13、 still couldnt make himself _(NMET91)A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard(7)As you have never been there before,Ill have someone _ you the way.(94上海卷）A.show B.to show C.showing D.showed(8)Paul doesnt have to be made _He always works hard.(NMET95)A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning(9)A computer can
14、 do only what thinking people _A.have it do B.have it done C.have done it D.having it done10)Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong.A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite,inspire,encourage,interest,satisfy,delight,please,move,
15、frighten,surprise,amaze,astonish,shock,worry,astonish,disappoint,discourage,exhaust,puzzle,tire,terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物。The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disappointing result!We were all disappointed with it.Climbi
16、ng a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.(1)Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss.A.serves B.satisfies C.promises D.supports(2)-Im very _ with my own cooking.It looks nice smells delicious.-Mm,it does have a _ smell.A.pleasant;pleas
17、ed B.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant (3)Mr.Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.(03春北京卷）A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring(4)It is believed that if a book is_,it will surely _ the reader.(03上海）A.interested;interestB.interesting；be interested
18、C.interested；be interesting D.interesting;interest(5)After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home _.(04春上海卷）A.being exhausted B.exhausted C.exhausting D.having exhausted 五、后接不定式动词类afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,mange,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,ha
19、ppen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。Thank you for offering to help,but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.(1)We agreedhere but so far she hasnt turned up yet.(NMET95)A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (2)Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.(NMET92)A.to
20、 be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking(3)I dont know whether you happen，but Im going to study in the U S A this September.A.to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D.to have heard(4)She pretendedme when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen (5)Do let your mother know
21、 all the truth.She appears _ everything.(01高考上海卷）A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told六、后接V-ing形式动词类该类动词常考的有appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep，mind,miss,practise,postpone,resist,risk,stand,suggest 等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；I dont mind
22、waiting,but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.1)I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling(
23、2)While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.(96年上海卷）A.to persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded (3)He has always insisted on his _ Dr.turner instead of Mr.Turner.(92上海卷）A.been called B.called C.being called D.having called(4)I really appr
24、eciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.(04年上海卷）A.to have had time B.having time C.to have time D.to having time(5)Do you mindalone at home?(94年上海A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left C.Janes being left D.Jane to be left(6)I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET9
25、1)A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remember,try,regret,mean,forget,stop,go on,cant help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾Remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go on 继续做未完成的事情;做完一件事后,接着做另一件事forg
26、et 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事去做别的事I remember being pad,but Ive forgotten the exact amount.Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.（1）-The light in the office is still on.(NMET91)-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having tur
27、ned it off (2)-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.(NMET95)-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done(3)She cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cake.(97上海卷）A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned (4)-1 usually go there by train
28、.(NMET92)-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 5)-Let me tell you something about the journalists.-Dont you rememberme the story yesterday?A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have told (6)The library needs _,but Ill have to wait until Sunday.(NMET92)A.
29、cleaning B.be cleaned C.being clean D.clean (7)1n some parts of London,missing a bus means _ for another hour.(02春上海卷）A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.to be waiting (8)She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.(NMET90)A.resting B.to have rested C.rested D.to res
30、t (9)Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.(NMET89)A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing八、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come,start,arrive,take,leave,move等。例如：When are going off to for Shanghai?Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.(1)Ive won a hol
31、iday for two to Florida.I _ my mum.(01春NMET)A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have taken(2)-What were you doing when he came to see you?(89上海卷）-I had just put on my overcoat and _ visit a friend.A.leaving B.was left C.left D.was leaving3)What were you doing when Tony phoned you？-I had just fini
32、shed my work and _ to take a shower.(04天津卷）A.had started B.started C.have started D.was starting九、主动表被动动词类1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell,wash,write,last,read,wear等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Wri
33、tten in simple English,this article reads easily.2某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh重),act（上演）等。The door wont shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons.3某些不及物动词，如happen,occur,cost以及短语，如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）
34、come to ones mind想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out姆发），belong to(属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.(1)The evening news comes on at
35、seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes.(04全国卷II)A.keeps B.continues C.finishes D.lasts(2)-Mummy,can I put the peaches in the cupboard?(02北京卷）-No,dear.They dont _ well.Put them in the fridge instead.A.keep B.fit C.get D.last(3)Books of this kind _ well.（99上海卷）A.sell B.sells C.are sold D.is sold十、虚拟语气
36、动词类insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)动词原形”。The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone,young or old,man or women,have his car checked once a year.(1)-How do you _ we go to Beijing fo
37、r our holidays.-I think wed better fly there.Its much more comfortable.(04福建卷）A.insist B.want C.suppose D.suggest(2)Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill,and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.(94上海卷）A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has(3)_ sent to work here?(
38、02上海卷）A.Who do you suggest B.Who do you suggest that should C.Do you suggest who should D.Do you suggest whom should十一、省略替代类believe,think,suppose,guess,hope,expect,imagine,would like/love,be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：-Do you think Norman would have
39、lent me his car I had asked him to?-Yes,I,think so.-Will you be able to come to my birthday party?-Id love to,but Im too busy.注意：believe,think,suppose,guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe(think,suppose guess)not，也可以说I dont believe(think,suppose guess)so，但用hope,expect,be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope(expect)not以及Im
40、afraid not,(1)-I believe weve met somewhere before.(2000春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷）-No,_.A.it isnt the same B.it cant be true C.I dont think so D.Id rather not (2)-The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?(03春北京卷）-_.A.I guess not so B.I dont guess C.I dont guess it D.I guess not (3)-Do you think its goin
41、g to rain over the weekend?-_.(NMET94)A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not十二、否定转移类think,believe,guess,suppose,imagine,expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work.He doesnt thi
42、nk Tom will make an excellent player.当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：I dont think there is anything else I need,is there?He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself,does he?(1)I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,_？(01上海卷）A.do I B.dont I C.will they
43、D.wont they (2)Mrs.Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_？(02上海卷）A.is he B.isnt he C.doesnt she D.does she十三、带介词t0的动词短语类这类短语有be(get)used to,lead to,devoteto,look forward to,stick to,object to,get down to,there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用V-ing形式。例如：Ive got used to driving i
44、n all kinds of weather.As soon as she returned home from abroad,she got down to preparing supper for children.注意区分介词to与不定式符号to a He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left.(used to表“过去常常”,to为不定式符号，be used to 表“习惯于”,to为介词）Im looking forward to seeing you soon.look forward
45、 to意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。）He looked forward to see what was happening.(look forward意为“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的状(1)Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.(01上海卷）A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up (2)The discovery of new evidence led to _.(03上海卷）A.the t
46、hief having caught B.catch the thiefC.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught (3)She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.(94上海卷）A.visit B.paying a visit C.walking D.walking in十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类这类动词常考的有go,come,leave,start,return,begin,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,
47、die,become,break,join,marry,employ,graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/since短语或since从句连用。例如：He has come here for three years.（误）He has been here for three years.（正）It is three years since he came here.（正）(1)Its ten years since the scientist _ his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemic
48、al.(04 A.made for B.set out C.took off D.turned up (2)My uncle _ until he was forty-five.(2000 A.married B.didnt married C.was not marrying D.would marry(3)-_ David and Vicky _ married?(03 -For about three years.A.How long were;being B.How long have;got C.How long have;been D.How long did;get (4)-Ho
49、w long _ at this job?(03春北京卷）-Since 1990.A.were you employed B.have you been employedC.had you been employed D.will you be employed十五、计划未能实现类intend,mean,hope,wish,plan,expect,think,want,suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。1该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gif
50、t.I had panned to call on you,but I was too busy to get away.2该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。Id like to have arrive on time,but I was caught on the traffic jam.(1)-You should have thanked her before you left.-I meant _,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.(2000春上海卷）A.to do B.to C.doing D.doi
51、ng so (2)-Why havent you bought any butter?(01春-I _ to but I forgot about it.A.liked B.wished C.meant D.expected (3)I would love _ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET97)A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone (4)-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.(NMET97)A.had B.would C.was going to D.didThank you!
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