1、 高三语法复习专题十二 非谓语动词（一）：现在分词和动名词班别： 姓名： 评价： 学习目标：1.掌握现在分词的基本形式和在句子中担任的成分.2.正确运用现在分词。课前预习,自主学习 一、观察句子，画出现在分词（动名词），思考其作何句子成分。1.They are considering buying the house before the prices go up.2. The movie having been translated into many foreign languages is very popular.3. Your task is cleaning all the win
2、dows.4. Ann looks forward to coming to China. 5Sleeping is necessary归纳：分词包括现在分词和过去分词,具有动词的特征和形容词和副词的功能.现在分词表示主动和进行。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作_、_、_、_、_、_等。二、现在分词的形式：(*号内容难度较大)现在分词 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing * 完成式1、现在分词的一般式(doing)：表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或者几乎同时发生。 She sat there_.她坐在那儿看书。 _, he shut the door. 进了房间，他关上门。*2、现
3、在分词的完成式(having done)：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 _for many years, he told us a lot of things about the city. 在那儿住了多年，他告诉了我们关于这个城市的很多事情。3、现在分词的主动式：表示主动意义，即现在分词的逻辑主语和现在分词之间是主谓关系。 _, he practiced the piano. 做完了作业，他练习钢琴。 *4、现在分词的被动式：表示被动意义，即现在分词的逻辑主语和现在分词之间是被动关系。 After_, the building looks very beautiful. 重建之后，
4、这座建筑看上去很漂亮。 5、现在分词的否定式：由not后接分词构成。 _what to do, we asked him for help.不知道怎么办，我们找他帮忙。 课内探究，小组合作现在分词的句法功能：一动名词做主语：1. 动名词放在句首作主语。动名词做主语一般直接放在句首，谓语动词用单数。Eg. Seeing is believing.2. 固定句型句型一：It is no good / no use/ a waste of time doing sth表示“干什么事没有用”。这里，it只是形式主语，真正主语是doing sth。翻译：玩电脑游戏真是浪费时间和金钱。_光说不做是没用的。
5、_二、动名词作宾语:以下动词通常接动名词作宾语，请同学们牢记于心！ appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prohibit, suggest , resist, risk, cant stand, cant help ，feel like等。在英文中带有to的固定短语，其后须接动名词：look forward to, object to, be / get used to, be accus
6、tomed to devote be opposed to,be addicted to, 三作定语：1现在分词作定语，当单个的分词作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前； 如果是分词短语作定语时，放在名词的_.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能。e.g. developing countries= countries that are developing 令人振奋的消息 _一个站在树下的女孩_正在被讨论的问题_正在跟老师谈话的那个人是我的父亲。_ 2有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合形容词。 e.g. Canada is an English-speaking country.四 作表语：
7、1现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征。e.g. What you did was disappointing. The problem is quite puzzling.五作宾语补足语：1用于表示感官和心理状态的动词后作宾补： see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find, catch e.g. I heard someone playing the violin in the next room. I felt my heart beating violently. 你能听到她在楼上唱歌
8、么？_ 我发现那个女孩向我们跑过来。_ 2用于使役动词后作宾补： have, get, keep, leave e.g. Dont leave water running. 他们让这个男孩站在风里。_六作状语： 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相同。 1作伴随状语，相当于一个并列结构。 We sat there talking to each other. (= We sat there and talked to each other.) 我回到家，感觉非常累。_. 2作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。 Seeing the big snake, the girl was almo
9、st frightened to death.（= When she saw the big snake, the girl was almost frightened to death.） Having waited in the line for an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet.（= After he waited in the line for an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet.） 看到这些照片，她想起了她的童年。 _ 在完成作业之后，他们
10、回家了。 _有时表示时间的分词短语可由连接词when, while, once, until, whenever等引出. Be careful when/while crossing the road. 3. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Being a student, I must work hard. (= Because I am a student, I must work hard. ) 因为不知道他的地址，我无法将这本书送给他_ 4. 作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。Working hard, you will succeed one day. （= If you work
11、hard, you will succeed one day.） 如果你准备充分，你会考的更高分。_ 5. 作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (=His father died and left him a lot of money.) 大量的垃圾排入河流，使河水变脏。 _ 6. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。 Though _, it cleared up very soon.七独立成分作状语：有些分词作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：gen
12、erally speaking, judging by/from, considering, supposing等。e.g. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。_ 根据他的口音判断，他来自南方。_八独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，我们可以在分词前面添加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。e.g. Time permitting, I will go shopping. （= If time permits, I will go shopping）e.g. With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾补、状语Reading the
13、bookEntering the roomHaving lived there Having finished the homeworkBeing rebuiltNot knowingIts a waste of time and energy playing computer games.Its no use talking but doing nothing.The exciting newsa girl standing under the treea problem being discussedThe man talking with the teacher is my father
14、.I hear her singing upstairs.I find the girl running towards usThey have the boy standing in the wind.Seeing the pictures, she thought of her childhood.Having finished the homework,they went back home.Not knowing his address,I cant give the book to him.Preparing well, you will get a higher markToo much rubbish is thrown into the river ,making the river dirty.Though raining heavily,Generally speaking, girls are more careful .Judging from his accent,he is from the south.