1、.词汇1 The last _(部 分)sums up all the arguments on either side.2The soil was washed away by the flood,exposing _(光秃秃的)rock.3Many _(空的)spaces are still left in the suburbs.4Plain,simple clothes are a _ for school wear.5He gave me an apple in e_ for an orange.答案：1.section2.bare3.blank4.appropriate5.exch
2、ange.短语1作为交换_2对某事是适当的_3到时候_4如此以致_5as.as one can _6used to _7by chance _8be good at _答案：1.in exchange for2.be appropriate to/for sth3.by the time.4.so.that.5.尽可能6.过去常常7.偶然地；碰巧地 8.擅长于1appropriate(adj.)(for/to sth)合适的；适当的She picked up a dress appropriate for the occasion.她挑了一件适合该场合穿的衣服。Write in a style
3、 appropriate to your subject.用与你的题目相称的体裁写。Is now an appropriate time to make a speech?现在发表演讲是不是时候？【词语辨析】appropriate,proper,fit,suitable这些形容词均表示“适当的”或“适合的”之意。1)appropriate指专门适合于某人或某事，语气较重，强调“恰如其分”。His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.他的便服，不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。2)proper往往侧重于符合某个标准
4、或习惯。描写的是与伦理、风俗或礼仪相符而和谐的或是自然的，含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义。Theyll visit the country again at a proper time.他们将在适当的时间再次访问这个国家。3)fit指具有适合于某个目的，某种工作或某种用途等必需的品质或条件。After the interview,the employer concluded that she was fit for the job.面试后老板下结论说她能胜任这项工作。4)suitable指具有适合于某种特定场合、地位或情况等的品质。This toy is not suitable for you
5、ng children.这个玩具不适合小孩玩。【知识运用】采用appropriate,proper,fit或suitable填空：This food is not_for your visitors.His mother has trained him to be a very_young man.The book was written in a style_to the age of the children.The house is not_for you to live in.The pages arent in_order.He was just not_for the job.Yo
6、u will be informed of the details at the_time.答案：fit 译文：这食物对你的客人来说不合适。proper译文：他的母亲已经把他训练成循规蹈矩的人。appropriate 译文：这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。fit 译文：那幢房子不适合你住。proper 译文：这些页数次序不对。suitable/fit 译文：他就是不适合干这份工作。appropriate/proper译文：在适当的时候将把详情告诉你。2exchange1)v.(1)sth(with sb)交换；交流；调换We exchanged our opinions about the even
7、t at the meeting.在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。(2)A for B 兑换；交易；更换Id like to exchange some pounds for dollars.我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。2)n.(1)C&U 交换；互换；交流；调换An exchange of opinions is helpful.相互交换意见是有益的。(2)C 交谈；对话；争论The Prime Minister was involved in a heated exchange with opposition MPs.首相参与了和下院反对党议员的激烈辩论。(3)U 兑换；汇兑What is t
8、he rate of exchange between the pound and the dollar?英镑与美元的兑换率是多少？(4)C(不同国家或团体之间的)交流、互访The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.两国之间的技术合作和文化交流正在与日俱增。【知识拓展】1)in exchange for 以换He gave me an apple in exchange of an orange.他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。2)mak
9、e an exchange 交换When an owner is interested in others property instead of his own,he accordingly tries to make an exchange.当财产权利者对他们的某一财产产生兴趣，而对自己所拥有的财产失去经营价值时，他就想用自己的财产换取他所感兴趣的财产。3)on the stock exchange 在证券交易上，在证券买卖上Heavy gains were recorded on the Stock Exchange today.今日股票价格大幅上升。4)exchange words 争
10、吵，吵架They exchanged angry words before the meeting but were finally persuaded to agree.他们在会议前争吵起来，经劝说最后言归于好。【知识运用】(1)(2010湖北30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.A.in preference toB.in place of C.in agreement with D.in exchange for 答案：D本题题意：公职人员向人们索取
11、礼品或金钱进行利益交换是违法的。in exchange for 表示“作为.的交换；(以)交换”。(2)This will give us an opportunity to talk about investment and_views.Do let me know if you can make it.AexpressBtransformCexchange Dswitch答案：C本题题意：这将为我们论讨投资问题和交换意见提供良好的机会。望提前通知我您能否出席。exchange表示“交换；交流；调换”。3blank(adj.)1)空白的He handed me a blank check.他
12、递给我一张空白支票。2)空的；无图画(或标记、装饰)的Suddenly the screen went blank.屏幕突然变成一片空白。3)没表情的、不理解的、不感兴趣的I tried to tell her the truth,but she just gave me a blank look.我想告诉她事实真相，但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。3blank(adj.)1)空白的He handed me a blank check.他递给我一张空白支票。2)空的；无图画(或标记、装饰)的Suddenly the screen went blank.屏幕突然变成一片空白。3)没表情的、不理解的、不
13、感兴趣的I tried to tell her the truth,but she just gave me a blank look.我想告诉她事实真相，但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。【词语辨析】blank,open,empty,hollow这些形容词都有“空的”之意。1)blank指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处。Write your name,address and telephone number in the blank spaces at the top of the page.在这一页顶的空白处写上你的姓名、地址和电话号码。2)open指未被占有
14、，从而可被别人得到的。In front of us we saw a stretch of open fields.我们看到在我们的身前是一片开阔的田野。3)empty指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。The streets were almost empty.街上几乎空无一人。4)hollow指物体中间是空的。This tree looks high and strong but actually its trunk is hollow.这棵树看起来又高又壮，实际上树干是空的。【知识运用】采用blank,open,empty或hollow填空：These chocolate eggs are
15、 all_.He didnt want to retire and lead a/an_life.Write on one side of the page and leave the other side_.I cant think where Ive left my umbrella;my minds a complete_！Im not convinced your idea will work,but Ill keep a/an_mind for the moment.Looking at a paper assignment,my mind often went_：ANY topic
16、s in ancient Greek history?The position is still_.If we politely request another table in an otherwise_restaurant,we expect to be accommodated.答案：hollow 译文：这些巧克力蛋都是空心的。empty 译文：他不想退休过空虚的生活。blank 译文：在这页的一边写字，另一边空着。blank译文：我想不起来把伞丢在哪儿了，一点印象都没有！open译文：我还没想通是否你的意见可行，不过我先考虑一下。blank译文：当我看着布置下来的论文时，脑子里往往是一
17、片空白：有关古希腊史的“任何”题目？open译文：那个职位仍空缺着。empty译文：在人少的餐馆，我们如果礼貌地要求换另一个座位时，我们希望服务员接受我们的要求。虚拟语气(2)1虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用1)主语从句在it is a pity,it is a shame,it is no wonder,it is strange,it is natural,it is necessary,it is important,it is impossible,it is surprising,it is desired,it is suggested,it was ordered,it has be
18、en decided,it is demanded,it is insisted,it is requested等结构后面的主语从句中。It is necessary that the problem(should)be discussed at once.立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。It has been decided that the meeting(should)be put off.已经决定推迟这个会议。2)宾语从句一些含有假设，猜想，建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“should动词原形”结构，should往往可以省略。这类动词有：advise,arrange,command,de
19、mand,desire,insist,order,propose,require,request,suggest等。She commanded that we(should)attack at once.她命令我们必须立刻进攻。I demand that John go there at once.我要求约翰必须立刻到那儿去。3)表语从句以及同位语从句在名词suggestion,order,proposal,demand,plan,idea,desire,advice,decision等后面的表语从句或同位语从句中。My suggestion is that we(should)go and
20、help him.我的建议是我们应该去帮助他。It is our idea that she(should)go to America for further education.我们的看法是她应该去美国进修。2特殊结构1)Its(high,about)time that.It is time that somebody taught you/should teach you to behave yourself.该有人来教一教你怎样规矩一些。Its time I went and picked my girl from school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。2)as if/though.He
21、 talked as if/though he had been there before.他讲起话来就好像他以前去过那似的。Ive loved you as if you were my son.我一直爱你就仿佛你是我的儿子。3)would rather sb did/had done.I would rather you came tomorrow than today.我希望你是今天来而不是明天来。I would rather you had not made any comment on the issue at the meeting.我宁愿你在会议上对这个问题不发表任何评论。4)I
22、 wish that sb did/had done/would do(wish自身的时态并不影响从句谓语动词的形式。)I wish that I knew something about programming.我希望我懂一点程序设计就好了。I wish I had not spoken like that.我希望我没那样讲。I wish that you would get younger and younger.但愿你越来越年轻。5)if only.If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙该多好啊！If only she knew how
23、 I missed her.但愿她知道我多想念她。6)Would you mind if sb did.Would you mind if I opened the window?如果我打开窗户，你不反对吧？Would you mind if I took one of the pictures?我拿走一张画，你介意吗？语法专练从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1(2010江苏34)George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _ more on its cultu
24、re.A.focusB.focused C.would focus D.had focused答案：B 本题题意：乔治打算讲一讲他们国家的地理，但是我宁愿他重点谈论一下他们国家的文化。如果主句中含有would rather,would sooner或would prefer，则宾语从句要用过去时表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达希望或婉转的责备。2 Would you have called her up had it been possible?Yes,but I_busy doing my homework.AwasBwereChad been Dwould be答案：
25、A本题题意：“如果当时可能的话，你会给她打电话吗？”“是的，但是我当时忙于做作业。”本题通过虚拟语气结构考查时态。说话人客观陈述了发生在过去的一件事，采用一般过去时。3 Jane would never have gone to the party_that Mary would come to see her.Ahas she known Bhad she knownCif she know Dif she has known答案：B本题题意：如果简知道玛莉来看望她，她绝不会去参加聚会。在虚拟语气结构中，如果条件状语从句的谓语动词中含有were,had,should,可以省略连词if,把we
26、re,had,should放在主语前构成倒装结构。4If I_it,I would do it in a different way.Aam to do Bwere to doCdo Dhave done答案：B本题题意：要是我来做这件事，我会用不同的方式来做。表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想，主句的谓语动词部分可以采用 should do,were to do或一般过去时的形式。5Without air,there_no living things.Awill be Bwouldnt have beenCwould be Dwasnt答案：C本题题意：如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。在虚
27、拟语气结构中，有时假设的情况并不是采用条件状语从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语的形式来表示，这属于“含蓄条件句”的一种形式。在本考题中，without air相当于If there were not air，表达了一个与现在事实相反的假设，主句的谓语部分采用“would/should/might/could动词原形”。6I was busy that day.Otherwise I_therewith them.Awill have gone Bhad goneChave gone Dwould have gone答案：D本题题意：我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。在虚拟语气结构中，有时
28、假设的情况并不 是 采 用 条 件 状 语 从 句 表 示 出 来，而 是 通 过 连 词 or,otherwise,but,however,but that等来表示某种假设。在本考题中，otherwise可以被 If I hadnt been busy that day，.所替换，表示与过去事实相反的一个假设。7If he_my advice,he wouldnt do it much better like this.Adidnt take Bhasnt takenChadnt taken Ddoesnt take答案：C本题题意：如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。在虚拟语气中，条
29、件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致，此时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。这种现象称作“混合型虚拟条件句”。在本考题中，if从句表达了一个与过去事实相反的假设。8 The workers in France demanded that their pay_from the following week on.Awould be raised Bwas raisedCbe raised Dwill be raised答案：C本题题意：法国工人要求从下周起提高他们的工资薪酬。在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词(如order,suggest,propose,require,dema
30、nd,request,desire,command,insist,advise等)动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词应用(should)do形式。9His proposal that the system_was rejected.Ashall be changed Bshould be changedCwas changed Dhas been changed答案：B本题题意：他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语部分采用虚拟语气结构，即：(should)动词原形。10You
31、dont have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you_on business first.Awent Bhave goneCwill goDhad gone答案：A本题题意：你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。would rather(that)sb did/had done.表示“宁愿某人”，如果表示“现在或将来”时间概念，谓语动词采用一般过去时；表达“过去”时间概念，则采用过去完成时。11If only they_me what theyve decided.AtoldBwill tellCwould tell Dtell答案：C本题题意：
32、但愿他们能把决定告诉我。if only表示“只要；要是就好，但愿”，用以表示对现在或未来的愿望，谓语部分采用“would/should/might/could动词原形”。如果用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词部分则采用过去完成时。例如：If only hed remembered to buy some fruit.他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好。12We all insist that we_until we finish the work.Anot to rest Bnot restCnot resting Dshould not have rested答案：B本题题意：大家都坚决要求
33、不完工就不休息。insist表示“坚决要求”，其后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“(should)动词原形”。注意：当insist表示“坚持说；固执己见”，以后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“直陈语气”。例如：He insisted(that)he was innocent.他坚持说他是无辜的。13I wish I_what was going to happen.Ahad known Bwill knowCknew Dwould know答案：C 本题题意：但愿我能知道要发生什么事。在动词wish后的宾语从句中，从句通常省略连词that.表示对现在情况的虚拟时，宾语从句的谓语部分采用一般过去时或过去进行
34、时(be动词一般用were)。注意：表示对过去情况的虚拟时，动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“had过去分词”。例如：I wish/wished I hadnt spent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。表示对将来的主观愿望时，动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“would动词原形”，此时主句的主语与从句的主语不相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。例如：I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。14It seemed to suggest that he_happy to hav
35、e given his life for his country.Awere BwasCbeDshould have been答案：B本题题意：这好像表明他为能为国捐躯而感到很高兴。suggest表示“暗示；表明；使想到；使认为；言下之意说”时，其后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用直陈语气。15It is important that we_.Ashall close the window before we leaveBwill close the window before we leaveCmust close the window before we leaveDclose the windo
36、w before we leave答案：D本题题意：我们离开之前把窗子关上，这是很重要的。在it is a pity,it is a shame,it is no wonder,it is strange,it is natural,it is necessary,it is important,it is impossible,it is surprising,it is desired,it is suggested,it was ordered,it has been decided,it is demanded,it is insisted,it is requested等结构后面的主语从句中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常采用“should动词原形”结构，should可以省略。
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