高中英语谓语的基本用法.ppt

1、The Predicate谓语深圳实验学校高中部 AndyTypes of the Predicate：1.transitive verb 2.Intransitive verb3a link-verb+a predicative；4phrasal verbs；5an auxiliary Verb+a notional verb；6a modal verb+a notional verb谓语通常指由主语发出的动作或者表明主语的一种状态。谓语是句子中不可缺少的主干部分，由动词或动词词组担任。谓语大体上可以分为两大类，即简单谓语(Simple Predicate)和复合谓语(Compound Pr

2、edicate)。简单谓语(Simple Predicate)简单谓语是指谓语由一个单一的动词（及物动词或者不及物动词）组成，可以带助动词，也可以是动词短语。例如：Machines do much of the work formerly done by man.机器作了很多原来人做的工作。We have always held that all countries in the world,big or small,should be equal.我们始终认为世界上的国家，不论大小，都应该是平等的。Was the bridge built last year?这座桥是去年建的？The chi

3、ldren there were well looked after.那里的孩子被照顾得很好。Over half a million people in the city took part in the celebrations held in the square.这个城市有50多万人参加了在广场举行的庆典活动复合谓语(Compound Predicate)复合谓语可以分为:1.名词性复合谓语(The Compound Nominal Predicate)2.动词性复合谓语(The Compound Verbal Predicate)。名词性复合谓语名词性复合谓语由系动词和表语组成，表示主

4、语的状态、性质、地位等等。根据词汇意义和系动词的不同，名词性复合谓语可以表示状态、存在、变化以及情感等几类。形式为：系动词+表语。系动词可以是：be,remain,keep,continue,lie,stand,sit,hold,get,become,get,grow,come,go,run,fall,turn,turn out,seem,appear,feel,smell,taste,sound。The girl is a student.It was a warm night.The weather continued cold and wet.The milk turned sour.T

5、he boy fell sick yesterday.Her wish has come true.He appears unwilling to go with us.We all feel happy after hearing the good news.The cake tastes nice.What he said sounds right.注意：上述的一些系动词也可以作为实义动词来使用，如何区分呢？第一，可以从形式上来区分。名词性复合谓语是由系动词+表语来构成的。而如果实义动词是及物动词，它往往要带宾语，如果是不及物动词，则可单独使用或者带状语。第二，一般情况下，名词性复合谓语可

6、以用be来进行检验，也就是说名词性复合谓语可以换为系动词be，而实义动词就不可以用系动词be来替换并保持语法的正确性。例如：He appeared excited when he knew that he was accepted by Tsing HuaUniversity.（appear为系动词，后面接表语excited，意思为“看起来很兴奋”。He appeared excited由系动词+表语构成，可以替换成He was excited，句子的语法正确，且意义接近。）He appeared when everything was done.（appear为实义动词，不及物动词，带时间状

7、语从句。He appeared when everything was done.如果替换成He was appeared when everything was done.则语法不正确且意义不完整）His remarks stand good.stand为系动词，后面接表语good，意思为“他说的话很好”。His remarks stand good.如果替换成His remarks are good.句子的语法正确且意义接近。）The boy stood.（stand为实义动词，不及物动词。The boy stood.如果替换成The boy was.则意义不明确。）动词性复合谓语动词性复

8、合谓语由两部分组成，即情态动词或半助动词+动词不定式，也可以是动词+动词不定式。例如：I could hear her singing in the next room.They must have known the woman before.We should give him a chance to turn over a new leaf.We are bound to go immediately.They happened to be there then.双重谓语(Double Predicate)有时候一个谓语既可以表明主语的动作和行为，同时也可以像系动词一样连接主语和表语成分

9、，表示主语的行为状态。这种谓语就称作双重谓语。例如：She left quite a child and returned a well-educated youth.(=She was quite a child when she left and a well educated youth when she returned.)她离开时是一个孩子，回来时是一个受过良好教育的青年。Lincoln grew up helping his father on the farm.(=When he was growing up,Lincoln helped his father on the fa

10、rm.)比较下面两个句子：He stood there silent.（双重谓语）=He stood there and he was silent.He stood there,silently.（silently是谓语动词stood的状语）The moon shone bright and cold.（双重谓语）The moon is shining brightly and coldly.（简单动词shine带状语brightly和coldly）动词可分为:及物动词不及物动词连系动词情态动词需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词，及物动词后可跟一个宾语、直接宾语和间接宾语或一个宾语带宾语补足语。例

11、如：及物动词直接宾语Children seek independence.The trial raised a number of questions.He has always liked Mr.Philips.He made the shortest speech I have ever heard.A couple were having a drink at a table by the window.He took photographs of Vita in her summer house.直接宾语和间接宾语They gave us a wonderfully warm welc

12、ome.Mr.Schell wrote a letter the other day to the New York Times.(wrote the New York Times a letter.)I took out the black box and handed it to her.(handed her the box.)I had lent my apartment to a friend for the weekend.He left the note for her on the table.一个宾语带宾语补足语Williss jokes made her uneasy.La

13、st year they made him captain of the Team.The people named the place“Turbo Kutu”.I thought it right to go there without delay.Have you found it difficult to speak?不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词Her whole body ached.Donald was lying on the bed.Bob coughed all night.All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming.I w

14、ill travel south this summer and wont come back to my office until the end of August.有几个不及物动词后可以跟有与之同形的名词，这叫同源宾语。They are living a peaceful life.=They are living peacefully.He died a heroic death.=He died heroically.The girl laughed a merry laugh.=The girl laughed merrily.He sighed a deep sigh.=He s

15、ighed deeply.许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。Gus asked me whether Id like to have dinner with him.I accepted.(vi.)I accepted the invitation.(vt.)He painted every day.(vi.)He painted vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances.(vt.)He ran as fast as he could.(vi.)She ran a hotel in the centre of the city.(vt.)F

16、ather never smoked or drank all his life.(vi.)He drank a good deal of coffee.(vt.)At last she thanked them and left.(vi.)All I know is that Michael and I never left the house.(vt.)连系动词虽具有词汇意义，但需要带有表语才能构成动词谓语。例如：The station seems a very small one.They have remained loyal to the government.Their hall

17、was larger than his whole flat.The task of inspecting it proved to be exciting and interesting.It sounds unnatural to us.My memories of a London childhood are happy ones.His body was the color of bronze.1-Tom failed to pass the exam,-Because he didnt study as hard as he _.Adoes Bused to Chas Dhad2-I

18、 dont have to work tonight -Then _you like to go to the theatre with me?Awill Bwont Cwouldnt Ddo3I thought you_ like something to read Amay Bmight Ccould Dmust4-I didnt see her yesterday -Oh，but you _.Amust have Bought to Cshould have Dcannot have5-When did you first visit New York?-I think it _in 1

19、978 Amust be Bshould have been Cmay b Dmust have been6-Why arent you swimming this weekend?-Well，I didnt want to go alone，and no one_ with me Awent Bhas gone Chad gone Dwould go7My sister never used to oppose me，but my brother occasionally_ Adid Bused to Cusednt Ddidnt8Oh，Jane，youve broken still another glassYou ought _when you washed it Abe careful Bto care Chave cared Dto have been careful9-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _do yourself?Ado you rather Bwould you rather Cwill you rather Dshould you rather10His advice_ not be taken Awas needed Bneeds Cneed D.is needed