1、1.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法在“It is/was+形容词或过去分词+that从句”结构的主语从句中，表示命令、愿望、建议等，谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。如：It is necessary that a college student(should)master a foreign language.It is desired that this rule(should)bebrought to the attention of the staff.动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句中谓语用过去式；表示与过去事实相反时，从句中谓语用“ha
2、d+过去分词”；表示将来很难实现的愿望时，从句中谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。如：How I wish I was there with you.I wish I hadnt lost the chance.I wish he would/could/might go with us to the theatre.在would sooner,would rather等后面的宾语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气。尚未发生的动作用动词的过去式，已经发生的动作用“had+过去分词”。如：I would sooner he left on the earlier train.Id ra
3、ther you went tomorrow.Id rather you hadnt done that.表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词（如suggest,demand,require,request,order,insist等）后的宾语从句中谓语常用“（should+）动词原形”，should可省略。如：I suggest you(should)have enough sleep.I recommend that everyone(should)attend the party.虚拟语气还可用在表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等意义的名词的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语用“should+动词
4、原形”，should也可省略。如：Our only request is that this(should)besettled as soon as possible.He made the decision that nothing(should)hold him back.2.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法：在错综时间虚拟条件句（即主句和从句所指的时间不一致）中，谓语动词的形式需要根据表示的时间来调整。如：If I had spoken to him yesterday,I should know what to do now.If it had rain
5、ed last night,it might bevery cold today.If she were to leave,I would have heardabout it.含蓄条件句有时虚拟语气的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语（如under,with,without,but for等）或上下文暗示来说明。句中的虚拟语气一般表示过去的情况，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。如：We were delayed at the airport,otherwise/or we would have been here by lunch time.（暗含条件是otherwise/or）Bor
6、n in better times,he would have been a scholar.（条件暗含在Born in better times中）It would be easier to do it this way.（条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中）In different circumstances,I would have said yes.（条件暗含在介词短语In different circumstances 中）But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.（暗含条件是Bu
7、t for your help）3.虚拟语气中if的省略如果条件从句的谓语中有were,had或should等词，可将if省略，而把这几个词放在句首，其意义与带有if的条件句相同。如：If I were to do the work,I should do it some other way.Were I to do the work,I should do it some other way.4.虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的用法在由as if或as though引导的方式状语中，虚拟语气的形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had+过去分词”。如：She is walking slowly
8、 as if she weretired.在由lest,for fear that,in case等引导的从句中，虚拟语气的形式为“should+动词原形”。如：I ran as fast as possible lest I should betoo late.在由in order that,so that或that引导的目的状语从句中，虚拟语气的形式为“may/might/could+动词原形”。如：In order that everybody may understandit,write it in simple language.1.在if条件句中的用法Sorry,I am too
9、busy now.If I _ time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.A.have had B.had hadC.have D.had D2.特殊用法Had they known what was coming next,they _ second thoughts.A.may have B.could haveC.must have had D.might have had 由Had they known可知，虚拟条件从句中省略了if，将had提前。从句与过去事实相反，所以主句谓语用“should/would/could/might
10、+have+过去分词”。D3.虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A.will do B.has doneC.do D.did 4.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A.werent B.hadnt beenC.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been
11、DA 5.虚拟语气在as if/though引导的从句中的运用Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A.is B.wereC.has been D.had beenB 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.We would rather our daughter _ at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.(陕西2014)A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stayC2._ th
12、e morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.(天津2014)A.Did he catch B.Should he catch C.Has he caught D.Had he caught3.People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past.(安徽2014)A.had thrown B.will be throwing C.were throwing D.would have thrownDD4.If Mr.Dewey _ present,he
13、 would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.(湖南2014)A.were B.had been C.should be D.was5.We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.(北京2014)A.are B.were C.will be D.would beBD6._ no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the wo
14、rld.(福建2014)A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been7.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ it?(重庆2014)A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doingAA8.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they _ to our he
15、lp.(浙江2014)A.would have come B.could come C.have come D.had comeA9.If I _ it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.(北京2015)A.didnt see B.werent seeing C.wouldnt see D.hadnt seen10.Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(重庆2015)A.didnt write B.hadnt writ
16、ten C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have writtenDD11.I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.(天津2015)A.will be B.would be C.have been D.had been 12.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ as well as her.(陕西2015)A.dance B.will dance C.had danced D.dancedDD
17、 13.It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.(江苏2015)A.did I know B.have I known C.do I know D.had I known14.It is lucky we booked a room,or we _ nowhere to stay now.(安徽2015)A.had B.had had C.would have D.would have hadDC选用括号内合适的内容填空。1.I love the weekend,because I _ (neednt,mustnt)get up e
18、arly on Saturdays and Sundays.（北京2016）2.It was really annoying;I _ (couldnt,shouldnt)get access to the data bank you had recommended.（天津2016）3.George _(mustnt,cant)have gone too far.His coffee is still warm.（浙江2016）needntcouldntcant用括号内动词的正确形式填空（含否定形式）。1.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last
19、 week?If you _(tell)me,I could have helped.（北京2016）2.I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I _ _(injure).（天津2016）3.If it _(be)for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.（江苏2016）had told would/could/should/might have been injuredhad not beenI.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.It is strong
20、ly recommended that the machines _(be)checked every year.2.I didnt see you when you passed me in the street.If I _(see)you,of course I would have said hello.3.Had I known this method,a huge amount of time and energy _ _ (save).(should)behad seen would/could/should/might have been saved4.My husband i
21、s always talking about the economy and stocks,but Id rather he _(focus)more on our childrens education.5.Mr.Smith would have given us a lecture yesterday,but he _(be)busy.6.But for your timely warning,we _(be)unaware of the danger.focusedwould/could/should/might have beenwas7.Thank you for all your
22、help.I dont think we _ (solve)the problem in time without you.8.I lost your address,otherwise I _ (write)to you when I was in London.would/could/should/might have solvedwould/could/should/might have writtenII.用虚拟语气完成下面句子，使每组句子的意思保持基本不变。1.I am unemployed because I had a disagreement with my boss and
23、I was fired.But,I _ if I _ a disagreement with my boss and I _.wouldnt be unemployedhadnt hadhadnt been fired2.I will not help you study for your test because you have spent the last two weeks partying and wasting time.But,I _ you study for your test if you _ the last two weeks partying and wasting
24、time.would helphadnt spent3.Eleanor and Ben are not going skiing with us this year because Eleanor just had a baby.But,Eleanor and Ben _ skiing with us this year if Eleanor _ a baby.4.I am completely exhausted,so I will not go with you to the movies tonight.But,if I _ completely exhausted,I _ with you to the movies tonight.would gohadnt just hadwere notwould go
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