1、His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day.I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位
2、语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A.That B.What C.Why D.If2.I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A.that B.if C.whether D.what3.This is _ he was often late for school.A.what B.that C.why D.whether4.We all know the tr
3、uth _ the earth moves around the sun.A.If B.that;C.why D.whether主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out.5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed a
4、t the meeting.7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.“It“Is used as empty subject形式主语为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1.It is certain that he will succeed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.Its possible/imp
5、ortant/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚It said/reported that据说/据报道It seems/appears/happens that显然、明显、碰巧.Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity/a fact that宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）They said that they would come on time.I am interested in who the t
6、all man is.He asked how much I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.I find it necessary that we should do the homework.Tell the function of the following clausesthat,whether，if（that 常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when where why how当wheth
7、er后紧跟or not时,不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.He told me（that）he would come and that he would
8、 come on time.The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。when/where/why/how/because that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/what1.T
9、he reason(_ we didnt trust him)is _ he has often lied2.The reason(_ he gave for his absence)is _ he was ill.reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导,不能用why 引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。在在表语从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：whythatthatthat1)What ever gave you the idea that I can sing?2)Word came that our team w
10、on the match.3).I have no idea when he will come back.1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用名词.+连接词+从句Whether,what,when,where 等来引导同位语从句。fact、idea,news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等1.I have no idea _he comes from.2.He cant answer the question _he got the money.3.He gave us many
11、suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.wherehowthatthatwhetherreduce paina scientific studybreath insniff pleasant smelltake the painbe related tobe linked to减少疼痛一次科学研究吸进闻香味忍受疼痛与相关与相联系1.reduce（sth.be reduced by
12、被减少了）sth.be reduced to 被减少到）学生的人数已经减少了3%The number of the students has been reduced by 3%.价格已经降到了5美元。The price has been reduced to$5.2.be related toWealth is seldom related to happiness.财富鲜于幸福有关。3.be linkd to Town A is linked to town B by a railway Link his name with her name 4.addadd“增加”;“又说，补充说”ad
13、dto意为“把加到”add to“增加，增进”add up to意为“加起来总共是该短语不用于被动语态。1.After a short while,he _that he would try his best2._ two _seven,and you will get nine3.All his school education _no morethan one year4.The bad weather _our difficultiesaddedadded toadded up toAdd toPara1 The possibility that pleasant smells migh
14、t reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.Para 2 As people believe(2)that strong smells can affect the senses.Para 3 Scientists are interested in(3)whether the sense of smell is related to pain and whether men and women have the same senses.Now,the study has proved(4)that for women,p
15、leasant smells reduce pain.Para 4 He says(5)that scientists already have data from 4 0 volunteers He adds(6)that this year,scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to explain the results.Para5One explaination is(7)that womens sense of smell developed long ago,and i
16、s linked to recognizing the smell of babies.Scientists used to believe(8)that mothers recognized their children by sight only.Now they have started to believe(9)that the sense of smell also helpsBut(10)why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.1.h
17、ave something to do with P11 PA2.make the most of sth./sb./oneself.Make the most of ones spare time/ones chances/talents It is my first holiday for two years so I am going to make the most of it.She really tries to make the most of herself by dressing well3.While having dinner,listen to some enjoyab
18、le music rather than watch TV.I would walk rather than take a bus.I will have a cold drink rather than coffee.Words 1.Everyday:every day Lets begin with everyday English.In our everyday lifeSome parents collect their children from school every day.2.ignore v.忽略,没注意It is not a question that can be ig
19、nored.ignorant adj.无知的be ignorant of/about对不了解They are ignorant of/about what happened3.deeply adv.深深地I am deeply sorry for what has happened 4.ache n./vi.疼痛PBThere were aches in his joints.He ached all over.toothache,stomachache,headache 5.warm up 暖身,预热,活跃The party soon warmed up.聚会气氛很快活跃起来warm-up
20、n.准备练习6.ring out发出响声ring back 回电话ring for打电话找/要ring off 放下话筒ring up 给打电话You have to ring for service.A shot rang out in the night.7.fly flew flown1.make ones way(back)to 2.Cant help wondering.She couldnt help crying at the good news I am too busy today.I cant help to do the work for you.3.get close
21、to the camp 4.lose sight of/catch sight of 5.sweat with fear 6.all of a sudden suddenly adv7.ring out 8.be frozen with fear 二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1）that 和what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whether to do 做动词宾语不能
22、用if to do.g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.不能使用if 的情况：1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.Th
23、e doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeti
24、ng is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwherethat 可省略的情况：that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is
25、 a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及
26、先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.1.We expressed the hope(that they had expressed.)2.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middl
27、e school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information(that he talked about at the meeting)is of great value.ATAPAPATHe gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should+do,should 可省略1.They expressed the hope _they would c
28、ome over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.which C.when D.what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.that4._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if5.One of the men held
29、the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that which C.that what D.which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.what B.whether c.that D.which7.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 8.They received orders _ th
30、e work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 9.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because 10._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because11.He made a promise _ anyone set him fr
31、ee he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if12.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that13.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soon14.-I saw your neighbor break you
32、r window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break15.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what16.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.when does
33、 the bus come D.when the bus comes17.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;what1.It now appears _ they are in need of help.A.that B.which C.what D.how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.A.which B.
34、what C.that D.how3.It _ Joe drives badly.A.thought that B.thinks that C.is thought that D.is thought that4.It _ he is late for class.A.may that B.might that C.may be that D.might be what5.This is _ she was born.A.where B.which C.that D.what6.The question is _ we cant go there today.A.that B.what C.w
35、hich D.when7.The question is _ it is worth doing.A.if B.whether C.which D.what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A.because B.why C.that D.what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields.A.what B.that C.which D.where10.His proposal is that
36、 the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.A.build B.will build C.be built D.will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house.A.keep B.would keep C.keeps D.kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it.A.Who that B.Whoever C.Whom that D.That who7.The question is _ it is worth doing.A.if B.whether
37、C.which D.what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A.because B.why C.that D.what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields.A.what B.that C.which D.where10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.A.build B.will build C.be
38、 built D.will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house.A.keep B.would keep C.keeps D.kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it.A.Who that B.Whoever C.Whom that D.That who13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A.that B.which C.what D.whether14.We heard the news _ our team had won.A.which B.that C.what D.where15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A.which B.that C.whether D.if16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.A.which B.what C.that D.where Thank you
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