1、The ing form as the Subject,Object，Predictive,Attributive and Object ComplementGrammarHave you ever seen these signs?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ingforms1.动词-ing形式的构成:是在动词末尾加-ing形式构成,因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。如:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定形式:not+-ing 构成2.动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语,还有时
2、态和语态的变化。3.动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成,它同时具有名词和动词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语等。指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.He enjoys listening to violin music.China is a developing country.The music is exciting.We heard her singing in her room.Being ill,she went back home.主语宾语定语表语宾语补足语状语一、动词-i
3、ng形式作主语1.表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。如：1）Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.2）Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.3）Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.4）Asking a womans age is impolite in our country.2.-ing形式作主语时常后置,此时须用it作形式主语,用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有:no
4、use,no good,fun,hard work,a hard/difficult job,a waste of time 等;形容词有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing It is/was no good/use doing It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing It is/was worth/worthwhile doing There is no doing.无法;不允许3.在there be no.结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相
5、当于“It is impossible to do”。There is no sense in doing 做没有道理 There is/was no use doing 做无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的 There is/was no point doing 做无意义1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it若要人不知,除非己莫为。2)There is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。3)There was no knowing when
6、 he would leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。Try to tell the meaning of each sentence.注意:There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.There is no need to tell her.提示:当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1）My sisters being ill made me worried.2）Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.动名词与不定式做主语时
7、的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个习惯性的长期进行的动作,不定式则通常表示动作的一次性或短暂性。e.g.1）Teaching English is my job.2）Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.3）To reach there on time is my task.二、动名词用作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况。1.只能后接-ing作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,min
8、d,miss,practise,cannot stand,excuse,fancy,give up,put off,risk,insist on,look forward,feel like等。e.g.1）I cant avoid going2）Have you considered looking for one special friend?3）People couldnt help laughing foolish man2.既可接-ing和to do作宾语的动词,常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，reme
9、mber,hate等。A.在 like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,ing表示泛指的动作,to do表示具体的一次性动作。B.在 begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义没有什么不同,尤其是当主语是人的时候。C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。-ing 表示动作已经发生,-to do 表示动作还没发生；I remember posting the letterIll remember to post the letterI shall neve
10、r forget seeing the famous writerDont forget to write to your motherI regret missing the reportI regret to say I cant take your adviceD.意义各不相同try to do(设法)mean to do(打算,有意要做)try doing(试试)mean doing(意思是,意味着)be used to doing 习惯于做某事be used to do 被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事E.go o
11、n doing 继续做一直在做的事;go on to do 接着做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。3.在介词后接动名词作宾语1)I insist on taking proper food for this trip2)Instead of smiling,each of them made a face3)She was very interested in working for our company注：下列短语中的to都是介词,所以动词要接-ing形式:devote to,object to,pay attention to,g
12、et down to,lead to,look forward to,stick to,be used to等。三、-ing形式作定语1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面,既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。e.g.building materials=materials for building 建筑材料drinking water=water for drinkinga walking stick=a stick for walkinga reading room=a room for reading a writing desk=a desk
13、for writingtiring music=music that is tiring a surprising result=a result that is surprising2.ing 形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1）They lived in a room facing the street.=They lived in a room that faces the street.2）The man standing there is Peters father.=The man who is standing there is Peter
14、s father.3）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined.=Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,这时,它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。1)His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.=His brother,who is working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.2)The apple tree,swaying gent
15、ly in the breeze,had a good crop of fruit.=The apple tree,which was swaying gently in the breeze,had a good crop of fruit.四、-ing形式作宾语补足语1.1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。如：(1)When we returned to the school,we found a stranger standing at the entrance.(2)We found the snake eating
16、the eggs.2)当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：They found the result very satisfying.=The result is found very satisfying.They heard him singing in the next room.=He was heard singing in the next room.2.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词,常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,look at,liste
17、n to等。a.We saw a light burning in the window.b.I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.1)c.Can you smell anything burning?2)d.As he spoke,he observed everybody looking at him curiously.e.I didnt notice him waiting.2)表示指使意义的动词,常见的有 have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：I wont have you doing that.This s
18、et me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：前者表示动作正在进行,而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只在走过教室的刹那间,
19、看见老师正在做实验)五、-ing形式作表语-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。1)Her hobby is painting.2)My job is looking after the children.3)His concern for his mother is most touching.4)She was very pleasing in her appearance.六.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动
20、形式被动形式V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式完成式e.g.1)Hearing the bell,the students began to enter the classroom.(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)2)The building being built now is our new library.(being built为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中)3)Having done the work,he went home.主动形式被动形式V-ing being V-ed having V-ed havin
21、g been V-ed 一般式完成式现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。1）Walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.1表时间状语2表原因状语1）Being ill,he didnt go to school.=As he was ill,he didnt go
22、to school.2）Being a student,you should study hard.=Since you are a student,you should study hard.3 表方式、伴随情况的状语:作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示地动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。1)He sat on the sofa,watching TV.=He sat on the sofa,and watched TV.2)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_,they went into the classroom.Laugh
23、ing and talking4 表结果e.g.1)Her mother died in 1990,leaving her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990,and left her with her younger brother.2)The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song5 表条件1)Using your head,you will find a way.=If you use your head,you will fin
24、d a way._,you will see a white house.2)Walking ahead6 与逻辑主语构成独立主格:1)I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my heard2)All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.3)Time permitting,well do another two exercises.*有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+分词形式。With the lights burning,he fell asle
25、ep.7 作独立成分:1)Judging from(by)his appearance,he must be an actor.1.What made you so upset?_ two tickets to the pop music concert.A.Losing B.Because of losing C.To lose D.Because I had lost 2.I cant imagine _ that with them.A.do B.to do C.being done D.doing A考考你D3.He got well-prepared for the job inte
26、rview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost 4._ is forbidden inside the park.A.To cycle B.We cycle C.Anyone cycles D.Cycling BD5.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stopp
27、ing C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop 6.The old lady needs _.A.look afterB.to look after C.looking after D.being looked afterCC1.If you can keep _(read)English newspapers,your English will be improved.2.He has promised _(come)to my birthday party.3.I hate _(tell)lies!4.I will never forget _(go)to
28、Beijing with him last summer.I forgot _(tell)her the news;so she knew nothing about it.Complete these sentences:readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto tell1.出国旅行是很激动人心的。Travelling abroad is very exciting.2.在这儿等是没用的,我们走吧。Its no use waiting here.Lets go.3.我记得在哪里见过他。I remember seeing her somewhere.Translation4.我后悔没听你的劝告。I regret not following your advice.5.帮助别人就是帮助你自己。Helping others means helping yourself.For more exercises,click here.Thank you!
Copyright@ 2020-2024 m.ketangku.com网站版权所有