1、不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式没有_的变化，有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式人称和数一.结构:to do (否定)not/never to do 二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式to do to be doneto be doingto have done to have been doneto have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).
2、He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)动词不定式的作用Functions of Infinitive v主语(subject)v宾语(object)v宾补(object complement)v定
3、语(attribute)v状语(adverbial)v表语(predicative)v做独立成分（independent component）v与疑问词等连用三.用法/功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well.(1).主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2).表语不定式常用在系动词 be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语
4、I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3)宾语think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).
5、宾补五看watch seelook at observenotice三使letmakehave二听listen to hear一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等e.g.I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).注意1 help 后面的“to”可省去e.g.They often help the grandma(to)carry water.2 see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾
6、语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to）3 不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is noth
7、ing to worry about.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.(常常表示将来的动作)不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.我们都
8、有上大学的机会。2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。e.g.He is looking for a room to live in.他在找一个房间住。e.g.He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Do you have anything to send?你有
9、什么东西要寄吗？Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么东西要被寄吗？I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语（表示目的，结果，原因或条件）in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现(7).独立结构to be frank,to be honest,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.类似的结构(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用
10、，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?1.My teacher was made _(give up)his teaching because of poor h
11、ealth.2.The sentence wants _(explain)once more.3.The Arctic is considered _(be)the northern part of the Atlantic.to give upexplainingto be4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_ (weave)for him without delay.5.I found the German language hard _ (learn).6.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I f
12、orgot _(turn off).to be wovento learnto turn it off 几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth.停止去做某事doing sth.停止正在做 forget to do sth.忘记去做doing sth.忘记已做了 remember to do sth.记得去做doing sth.记得曾经做7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _(solve)the problem is to meet the dema
13、nd _(make)by the customers.8.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to studyto solvingmade9.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned10.We find it impossible for
14、the work _ (finish)ahead of time.11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B.try going C.to try going D.try to go to be finished12._(make)a living,she had to work from morning till night.13.I would rather starve to death than _(beg)for food.14.The boy
15、 pretended _(read)when his mother entered.To makebegto be reading1.Robert is said _ (study)abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_(make)it more difficult.3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _(expect)in my new job.to ha
16、ve studied not to make to expect 4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do
17、 it with D.to do what with it6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having me
18、t B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.I would love _ to the party last
19、 night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented13.Little Jim should love _(take)to the theatre this evening.14._(sleep)late
20、in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.15.The teacher asked us _(make)so much noise.to be takenTo sleepnot to make1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经被告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given
Copyright@ 2020-2024 m.ketangku.com网站版权所有